scholarly journals Bioplastic Production from Eucheuma Cottoni

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 661-668
Author(s):  
Mahreni Mahreni ◽  
Yuli Ristianingsih ◽  
Asep Saefudin ◽  
Affifuroyan Aflah Akmal ◽  
Annisa Hindun Narullita
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Strength Increase ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Biodegradation Rate ◽  
Constant Weight ◽  
Plasticizer Content ◽  
Glycosidic Bonds ◽  
Temperature Variable ◽  
Tensile Strength Increase

Plastic waste has become a global problem because it causes environmental pollution. This is because plastic waste is difficult to decompose. There have been numerous solutions proposed, one of which is theuse of bioplastics. In this research, the bioplastics were made from third- generation biomass, namely the eucheuma cottoni. Eucheuma cottoni is contains biopolymer carrageenan, a carbohydrate with unit structures consisting of d-galactose and 3,6 anhydrogalactose with glycosidic bonds. Goal this research is study the effects of sorbitol plasticizer content and bioplastics manufacturing temperature on bioplastics, tensile strength, elongation, and biodegradation rate. The bioplastics were made by extracting 10 grams of eucheuma cottoni powder in 200 ml of distilled water. The algae extract was added with sorbitol (plasticizer) and heated at various temperatures from 45°C until 60°C. The mixture was poured into a mold tin and dried in the oven to a constant weight. The resulting bioplastics were then characterized to determine the tensile strength and biodegradation rate. The results showed that increasing the plasticizer content from 3.5% reduced the tensile strength, however, it increased the elongation and biodegradation rate. The optimal plasticizer content was 4% with a tensile strength value of 4.8309 Mpa, elongation of 24.1548%, and biodegradation rate of 26.9392%. The temperature variable showed that increasing the temperature of making bioplastics could reduce tensile strength, increase elongation and biodegradation rate of bioplastics. The optimum temperature for making bioplastics at 45oC obtained a tensile strength of6.28 Mpa and an elongation of 20.67%. The biodegradation rate was 39.6665%, and the best sorbitol content was received at 4%.

The Use of Controlled Dissolution Glass for the Consolidation of a High Porosity Chalk

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Olsen ◽  
Ragni Hatlebakk ◽  
Chris Holcroft ◽  
Roar Egil Flatebø ◽  
Asif Hoq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Colloidal Silica ◽  
Strength Increase ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Hydrocarbon Recovery ◽  
Filter Screen ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Core Flood ◽  
Fractured Well ◽  
Tensile Strength Increase

Abstract This paper reports the development and testing, of a Phosphate controlled dissolution glass composition used to strengthen the matrix of chalk whilst retaining the permeability of the rock, facilitating improved hydrocarbon recovery in unstable wells. Multiple versions of the glass solutions and different types of colloidal silica were extensively tested in the laboratory to determine injectability and reactivity with calcium carbonate rocks. The goal of the testing was to determine the best performing solution for use in a field trial in the Norwegian North Sea. The laboratory testing included filtration and core flood tests to determine the injectability of the solutions and post treatment permeability, and Brazilian strength tests to determine the tensile strength of the treated chalk cores. The filterability was tested through filter screen sizes ranging from 5 to 0.6 µm. Core flood testing was performed on 10 cm long chalk cores with 1.5 mD permeability. The glass solutions showed the best results in the filtration and core flood testing, achieving significantly greater invasion depth than any of the colloidal silica samples. The phosphate glass treated chalk cores maintained 70 to 100% of the original permeability while delivering a 3 to 5 fold tensile strength increase. The lab tests demonstrated the potential of a glass based treatment to strengthen chalk formations without impeding permeability.Based on the promising results from the lab tests, it was decided to trial the selected glass solution in a mature vertical proppant fractured well. The test confirmed that the glass solution could be pumped into the well, but the test failed pre-maturely after two months of varied production, and the trial will not be covered in this paper.However, due to the high value in being able to stabilize chalk in the field, the Operator is evaluating a new trial in a horizontal well, and learnings from the first trial will be used to inform further lab tests in the next phase. The glass solution used in this trial is being further developed to be used in other formation types, such as sand and non-calcium containing reservoirs.

Effect of Quantity of Industrial Waste on Eco-Friendly Geopolymer Concrete

2021 ◽  
Vol 1019 ◽  
pp. 102-109
Author(s):  
Endow Mazumder ◽  
L.V. Prasad M.
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Polymerization Process ◽  
Strength Increase ◽  
Geopolymer Concrete ◽  
Split Tensile Strength ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Activating Agent ◽  
Alkaline Activator ◽  
Binder Material ◽  
Tensile Strength Increase

The primary goal of this work is to report the results of the experimental outcome of Geopolymer concrete (GEO-C) which is prepared and cured at room temperature. GEO-C is prepared using a blend of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGSG) and F Class Fly Ash, and the replacement is ranged from 0% to 100% of binder material, to find the optimum dosage of binder material. Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) and Sodium Silicate (Na2SiO3) which are alkaline in nature, used primarily as an activating agent for the polymerization process of geopolymer. Experiments were conducted on samples by fixing the NaOH concentration as 14M for optimum strength and the alkaline activator ratio is fixed as one. Mechanical properties of GEO-C like compressive strength, rupture modulus (i.e. flexural strength), and split tensile strength were evaluated at the ages 7, 14, 28 days. From the results, it is observed that with the addition of GGSG in the blend the compressive, flexural, and tensile strength increase but there is a drastic reduction in the workability of the mixture.

Denitrogenation behavior and tensile strength increase during carbonization of stabilized pan fibers

Carbon ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 1327-1330 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Mittal ◽  
H. Konno ◽  
M. Inagaki ◽  
O.P. Bahl
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Strength Increase ◽  
Tensile Strength Increase ◽  
Pan Fibers

Relationship of Surface Strength and Bulk Strength Properties in Uncoated Woodfree Paper

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALESSANDRA GERLI ◽  
LEENDERT C. EIGENBROOD ◽  
SANNA NURMI
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Internal Bond ◽  
Surface Damage ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Strength Increase ◽  
Paper Machine ◽  
Precipitated Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Surface Strength ◽  
Tensile Strength Increase

Various uncoated woodfree papers produced on a pilot paper machine were characterized for picking resistance, using an IGT printability tester, and standard sheet properties. The papers were produced with and without surface sizing or a debonding agent, with different filler types (ground calcium carbonate [GCC] or precipitated calcium carbonate [PCC]) and levels (20% and 25%), and by varying the calendering conditions. The goal was to assess the relationship between surface strength of these sheets and their bulk strength properties, such as tensile strength and internal bond. Variables such as the use of a debonding agent or the application of surface size had equal effect on picking resistance and tensile strength. Increase of filler content in paper or replacement of GCC with PCC reduced picking resistance, tensile strength, and internal bond. Increase of the calendering load, for both GCC and PCC sheets, reduced picking resistance but left tensile strength and internal bond unaffected. Picking resistance of the 25% PCC-containing sheets was affected at a significantly larger extent by an increase in calendering load than picking resistance of the 25% GCC-containing sheets. These results point out that the surface of a highly filled PCC sheet is particularly sensitive to surface damage by calendering.

Tensile Strength of Cu Sheets Welded by Ultrasonic Metal Welding

2013 ◽  
Vol 658 ◽  
pp. 202-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Sam Park ◽  
Ho Su Jang ◽  
Woo Yeol Park
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Ultrasonic Welding ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Strength Increase ◽  
Ultrasonic Metal Welding ◽  
Experimental Parameters ◽  
Tensile Strength Increase ◽  
Metal Welding ◽  
Welding Pressure

This paper gives a description of an experimental study on the ultrasonic welding of metals. In ultrasonic metal welding, high frequency vibrations are combined with pressure to join two materials together quickly and securely, without generating large amount of heat. Horn, a key part of ultrasonic welding machine, should be designed very accurately to get the natural frequencies and vibration mode required. In this study, a horn is designed and developed for ultrasonic welding of Cu sheets. The tensile strength of welded parts is investigated for evaluation of weldability. Experimental parameters of welding test is set as follows; welding time 0.4s ~ 3.4sec. and vibration amplitude 40%, 60%, 80% and welding pressure 1.5bar, 2.0bar, 2.5bar. Samples are Cu sheets of 0.1mm thickness. Experimental results showed that the tensile strength increase as welding parameters increase, but when welding pressure is excessive, the tensile strength decrease due to fracture of the Cu sheets caused by over-welding. These results could be successfully applied for ultrasonic metal welding in various fields of manufacturing industry.

PBA/P (MMA-MAH) Core-Shell Particles Toughening Reinforced PA6

2013 ◽  
Vol 750-752 ◽  
pp. 136-139
Author(s):  
Wen Jie Mei ◽  
Yu Zhu Xiong ◽  
Zhen Yu Liu ◽  
Jin Zhong Luo
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Layer Structure ◽  
Butyl Ester ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
Strength Increase ◽  
The Core ◽  
Unique Nature ◽  
Shell Particles ◽  
Tensile Strength Increase ◽  
The Impact

Polyacrylic acid butyl ester (PBA) / poly (methyl methacrylate - maleic anhydride) [P(MMA-MAH)] was synthesized by emulsion polymerization. We got three core-shell particles of core-shell ratio 2/8,3/7 and 4/6 by the method, and blend them with PA6 in proportion of 5%,10% and 15%. Two-layer structure under the TEM proves the existence of core-shell particles, and the core-shell particles disperse uniformly under the SEM. The core-shell rate is 4/6 and PA6 ratio in the 10%, toughening effect is the best. The impact strength and tensile strength increase by 187% and 13.8% respectively, showing the unique nature of the core-shell particles.

Cooling Rate, Microstructure and Property Studied of Spray Cooling of Heavy Shell Ring Rolling

2014 ◽  
Vol 941-944 ◽  
pp. 2414-2419
Author(s):  
Jian Liang Sun ◽  
Zheng Yi Jiang ◽  
Feng Jia ◽  
Yong Zhen Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Spray Cooling ◽  
Ring Rolling ◽  
Strength Increase ◽  
Shell Ring ◽  
Hydrogenation Reactor ◽  
Tensile Strength Increase ◽  
Ferrite Grain Size

In the present work, detailed studies were made on the transformation characteristics, microstructure and mechanical properties of heavy shell ring (HSR) in the spray cooling process. The spray cooling device of HSR was designed. The 2.25Cr1Mo0.25V steel used in production of HSR for hydrogenation reactor was selected as the testing material. The simulation of spray cooling of HSR was carried out on ABAQUS. The constitutive model and continuous cooling transformation (CCT) diagram of 2.25Cr1Mo0.25V were determined. CCT diagram, metallograph and SEM results show that the bainite forms throughout the cooling rate range from 0.5 to 10 ℃/s, and martensite begins to be produced by increasing the cooling rate higher than 60℃/s; when the cooling rate is 10 ℃/s, with the increase of the deformation degrees, the ferrite grain size becomes small, the yield strength and tensile strength increase, the elongation decrease, So it is good for refining the grain to increase the deformation. The yield strength, tensile strength and elongation were obtained under different cooling technology.

Influence of Nickel on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Nodular Cast Iron

2021 ◽  
Vol 1023 ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
Watsada Siripongtana ◽  
Rungsinee Canyook
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
Ductile Iron ◽  
Nickel Content ◽  
Nodular Cast Iron ◽  
Strength Increase ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Nickel Addition ◽  
Tensile Strength Increase

This research investigates the nickel content added by 1.1wt%, 2.2wt%, 3.7wt% and 4.5wt% on the microstructure and mechanical properties in the nodular cast iron. The results demonstrate that the microstructure of nickel addition consists of nodule graphite, ferrite and pearlite phase while nickel was added to 4.5 wt% the microstructure becomes ferrite transform to fully pearlite phase. In addition the ductile iron has the highest nodularity (0.79%), followed by 1.1%Ni (0.75%), 2.2%Ni (0.71%), 3.7%Ni (0.69%) and 4.5%Ni (0.58%). The hardness and tensile strength increase when increasing the nickel content. Elongation is enhanced with nickel increasing and reaches a maximum of 12% at 1.1 wt% Ni, then decreases with the further increase of nickel.

scholarly journals Fine tuning of dwelling time in friction stir welding for preventing material overheating, weld tensile strength increase and weld nugget size decrease

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 2137-2147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslav Mijajlovic ◽  
Sonja Vidojkovic
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Weld Nugget ◽  
Strength Increase ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Dwelling Time ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Tensile Strength Increase ◽  
Al 2024

After successful welding, destructive testing into test samples from Al 2024-T351 friction stir butt welds showed that tensile strength of the weld improve along the joint line, while dimensions of the weld nugget decrease. For those welds, both the base material and the welding tool constantly cool down during the welding phase. Obviously, the base material became overheated during the long dwelling phase what made conditions for creation of joints with the reduced mechanical properties. Preserving all process parameters but varying the dwelling time from 5-27 seconds a new set of welding is done to reach maximal achievable tensile strength. An analytical-numerical-experimental model is used for optimising the duration of the dwelling time while searching for the maximal tensile strength of the welds

The Effect of Enhanced Solution Treatment on Microstructures and Properties of 6013 Type Aluminum Alloy

2015 ◽  
Vol 1088 ◽  
pp. 148-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fu Bao Zhang ◽  
Tong Ming Tang ◽  
Yu Feng Zhao ◽  
Xiao Jing Xu ◽  
Zhi Lan Ju ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Resistance Testing ◽  
Strength Increase ◽  
Tension Testing ◽  
Resistance Decrease ◽  
Conventional Solution ◽  
Tensile Strength Increase

The effect of enhanced solution treatment on microstructures, tensile properties, intergranular corrosion and exfoliation corrosion of a 6013 type aluminum alloy proceeded via various solution treatment were investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), tension testing and corrosion resistance testing. The results show that compared with the conventional solution treatment (560°C×2 h), the enhanced solution treatment (560°C×2 h+570°C×2 h) can improve ultimate tensile strength and elongation, the corrosion resistance become worse after 151°C×8 h+191°C×8 h artificial aging. The tensile strength increase is believed to resulting from the coarse second phases dissolve. The corrosion resistance decrease is due to grain growth.

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