Love Your Enemy: A Christian Response to Embrace Others

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Dewi Aritonang ◽  
Bestian Simangunsong ◽  
Adiani Hulu
Keyword(s):  
Jesus Christ ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Theological Reflection ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Religious People ◽  
Lifestyle Choice ◽  
Sustainable Peace ◽  
Research Problems ◽  
Selection Of

This article addresses the issue of conflict between religious communities that cause enmity amid society. Hostilities must be overcome and resolved in accordance with the call of Christianity to live in love and peace. The study used the qualitative paradigm as the method of the research and the descriptive-analyses as the writing method by describing the research problems based on data collected from related publications.One of the powerful messages of Jesus's teaching is "Love your enemies." It’s one of the greatest challenges in life. Jesus Christ gave an important doctrine about loving the enemy because love is more powerful than evil, hurtful deeds. Loving the enemy means canceling hostilities and violence, but instead, it promises acceptance of each other. The title of this study is "love your enemies": A Christian Response to Embrace Others. As the title of this study is "love your enemies," the reason for the selection of this article is because the author sees that "loving the enemy is a commandment from God that must be obeyed. This research question emphasizes how to realize "loving the enemy" amid hostility. This paper argues that Jesus's command to love the enemy is a proper Christian lifestyle choice in the midst of hostility. We use CS Song thoughts, which elaborated with other scholars' views on theology, loving, and embracing others. The purpose of the research was to gain understanding and build a theological reflection on Jesus' commandment to love the enemy. In this article, we first briefly discuss the portrait of life among religious people in Indonesia. Secondly, we discuss the conflict between religious people in Indonesia. Finally, we apply the command of Jesus to love our enemy as a Christian lifestyle in the midst of hostility to construct harmony amid hostility. We propose the command of Jesus to ‘love your enemy’ as a response to establishing sustainable peace by embrace others. Finally, the Christians must become a loving community because God so loved us, and we also ought to love and embrace others.

scholarly journals Die Christelike hoop – ’n Bybels eskatologiese belydenis? Deel 2: Teologiese besinning: Wat beteken die Christelike hoop?

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan A. Du Rand
Keyword(s):  
Immanuel Kant ◽  
Jesus Christ ◽  
Theological Reflection ◽  
Karl Barth ◽  
Ernst Bloch ◽  
Gabriel Marcel ◽  
Full Circle ◽  
Wolfhart Pannenberg ◽  
Philosophical Argumentation ◽  
Selection Of

Hierdie is die tweede artikel wat die vraag moet beantwoord of die Christelike eskatologiese hoop by uitnemendheid die primêre eskatologiese belydenis is van die Christelike teologie soos in die Bybel gefundeer. Is dit enigsins ook die geval in ’n verskeidenheid van teologiese en filosofiese argumentasies? In die eerste artikel is die basis gelê deur die bybelse spoor van die Christelike eskatologiese hoop te beskryf. In Deel 2 wat op Deel 1 volg, is die fokus op die teologiese bespreking rakende die Christelike eskatologiese hoop. Die verdere vraag wat beantwoord moet word is: Wat is die teologiese kern en inhoud van die Christelike eskatologiese hoop? Binne hierdie raamwerk van argumentasie, en verbandhoudend met die onderwerp, word ook van die filosofiese tendense van veral Immanuel Kant, Gabriel Marcel en Ernst Bloch kennis geneem. Die betekenisvolle teologiese sieninge van Johannes Calvyn, Karl Barth, Wolfhart Pannenberg, Jurgen Moltmann en Hendrikus Berkhof word ook aangeraak. Hierdie artikel konkludeer met ’n eie standpuntstelling oor die Christelike hoop as noodsaaklike eskatologiese raamwerk wat die Christen se uitsig, verwagtinge en etos [leefstyl] bepalend raak. Die Christelike siening van hoop, gefundeer in die opwekking van Jesus Christus uit die dood, word volmaak afgerond wanneer ‘God alles in alles sal wees’ (1 Kor 15:28) by die finale einde. The Christian hope – a Biblical eschatological confession? Part 2: Theological reflection: What is the meaning of the Christian hope? This is the second of two articles answering the question whether the Christian hope can be seen as the ultimate biblical eschatological confession. Is it by interpretative reflection also the viewpoint of a selection of topic related theologians and philosophers? In the first article the foundation was done by determining what the ultimate expression and confession describing Biblical eschatology is. The motivated finding was formulated as the eschatological concept hope. Building on the first, the second article’s focus falls on the consequential theological discussion. The further question to be answered is: What is the theological core and content of Christian eschatological hope in a wider framework than the biblical? Within such a framework of argumentation and in terms of tendencies the philosophical argumentation of Immanuel Kant, Gabriel Marcel and Ernst Bloch on hope are taken notice of. The comprehensive theological views on hope by Johannes Calvyn, Karl Barth, Wolfhart Pannenberg, Jürgen Moltmann and Hendrikus Berkhof are also briefly mentioned. This article concludes with an own viewpoint on Christian hope as eschatological framework, determining one’s views, expectations and ethos (lifestyle). The eschatological view of hope, grounded in the resurrection of Jesus Christ, is a confession, coming to a full circle when ‘God will be all in all’ (1 Cor 15:28) at the final end. 

scholarly journals Methodology for Determining the Location of River Ports on a Modernized Waterway Based on Non-Cost Criteria: A Case Study of the Odra River Waterway

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3571
Author(s):  
Bogusz Wiśnicki ◽  
Dorota Dybkowska-Stefek ◽  
Justyna Relisko-Rybak ◽  
Łukasz Kolanda
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Multicriteria Decision Making ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Optimal Selection ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Odra River ◽  
Research Problems ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Construction Works

The paper responds to research problems related to the implementation of large-scale investment projects in waterways in Europe. As part of design and construction works, it is necessary to indicate river ports that play a major role within the European transport network as intermodal nodes. This entails a number of challenges, the cardinal one being the optimal selection of port locations, taking into account the new transport, economic, and geopolitical situation that will be brought about by modernized waterways. The aim of the paper was to present an original methodology for determining port locations for modernized waterways based on non-cost criteria, as an extended multicriteria decision-making method (MCDM) and employing GIS (Geographic Information System)-based tools for spatial analysis. The methodology was designed to be applicable to the varying conditions of a river’s hydroengineering structures (free-flowing river, canalized river, and canals) and adjustable to the requirements posed by intermodal supply chains. The method was applied to study the Odra River Waterway, which allowed the formulation of recommendations regarding the application of the method in the case of different river sections at every stage of the research process.

Entrepreneurial strategies for MNCs: A typology

2020 ◽  
pp. 146575032098315
Author(s):  
Poul Houman Andersen ◽  
Linda Nhu Laursen
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Context ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Theoretical Assumption ◽  
Critical Dimensions ◽  
Organizational Resistance ◽  
Organizational Conditions ◽  
Entrepreneurial Strategies ◽  
Entrepreneurial Strategy ◽  
Selection Of

This paper, responds to the recent calls in research, to address the theoretical underpinnings of entrepreneurial strategies in MNC’s. Today, a multiplicity of entrepreneurial approaches exists, cf. skunk work, bricolage, bootlegging. However, these exists in disparate literature, that provides limited oversight to managers in, that need to select between a manifold of different entrepreneurial strategies. Moreover, these approaches typically originate from a distinctively different organizational context, namely SMEs. Through a literature review we identify two important axiomatic assumptions concerning entrepreneurial strategies within the organizational conditions of MNCs. The first fundamental assumption concerns the organizational origin of such effort. The second theoretical assumption deals with how the entrepreneurial initiative can meet either organizational resistance or support. We synthesize these two dimensions into a two-by-two matrix, that provides an answer to our research question: what are the critical dimensions for entrepreneurial strategies in an MNC context? We then employ this typology to categorize predominant entrepreneurial strategies in current literature, to create a overview that can be used both for structuring the debate in the literature; as well as a basis to discuss important implicit assumptions, that should guide the selection of entrepreneurial strategy in a MNC context in practice.

scholarly journals Getting to Hope: Perspectives from Patients and Caregivers Living with Chronic Childhood Illness

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 525
Author(s):  
Emily von Scheven ◽  
Bhupinder K. Nahal ◽  
Rosa Kelekian ◽  
Christina Frenzel ◽  
Victoria Vanderpoel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Childhood Onset ◽  
Virtual Focus Groups ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Chronic Childhood ◽  
Research Studies

Promoting hope was identified in our prior work as the top priority research question among patients and caregivers with diverse childhood-onset chronic conditions. Here, we aimed to construct a conceptual model to guide future research studies of interventions to improve hope. We conducted eight monthly virtual focus groups and one virtual workshop with patients, caregivers, and researchers to explore key constructs to inform the model. Discussions were facilitated by Patient Co-Investigators. Participants developed a definition of hope and identified promotors and inhibitors that influence the experience of hope. We utilized qualitative methods to analyze findings and organize the promotors and inhibitors of hope within three strata of the socio-ecologic framework: structural, interpersonal, and intrapersonal. Participants identified three types of interventions to promote hope: resources, navigation, and activities to promote social connection. The hope conceptual model can be used to inform the selection of interventions to assess in future research studies aimed at improving hope and the specification of outcome measures to include in hope research studies. Inclusion of the health care system in the model provides direction for identifying strategies for improving the system and places responsibility on the system to do better to promote hope among young patients with chronic illness and their caregivers.

A Systematic Method for the Selection of Independent Variables in the Investigation of Complex Systems

1988 ◽  
Vol 32 (17) ◽  
pp. 1179-1182 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Jay Merkle ◽  
Douglas B. Beaudet ◽  
Robert C. Williges ◽  
David W. Herlong ◽  
Beverly H. Williges
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Subjective Ratings ◽  
Systematic Method ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Integrated Strategy ◽  
Literature Reviews ◽  
Systematic Methodology ◽  
Research Problems ◽  
Inquiry System ◽  
Selection Of

This paper describes a systematic methodology for selecting independent variables to be considered in large-scale research problems. Five specific procedures including brainstorming, prototype interface representation, feasibility/relevance analyses, structured literature reviews, and user subjective ratings are evaluated and incorporated into an integrated strategy. This methodology is demonstrated in the context of designing the user interface for a telephone-based information inquiry system. The procedure was successful in reducing an initial set of 95 independent variables to a subset of 19 factors that warrant subsequent detailed analysis. These results are discussed in terms of a comprehensive sequential research methodology useful for investigating human factors problems.

scholarly journals Discrepancy between the Theory and Practice of Crime Prevention

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 605-612
Author(s):  
Igor’ M. Matskevich
Keyword(s):  
Crime Prevention ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
The Public ◽  
Prevention System ◽  
Preventive Work ◽  
Research Problems ◽  
Prevention Of Crime ◽  
Selection Of

Introduction: the article considers the concept of prevention in several aspects (social prevention, criminological prevention, situational prevention, evolutionary prevention). We describe the subjects implementing the prevention of offenses and consider the issue of public participation in this process in historical and modern periods. We focus our attention on the prevention of new crimes in the institutions of the Federal Penitentiary Service, emphasize its importance during the period of serving a sentence (educational techniques and methods) and after release (interaction of probation inspectorates with law enforcement agencies for the re-socialization of released convicts). We outline possible risks and difficulties of organizing crime prevention together with public organizations: determining preferences for activists; politicization of preventive work (obtaining additional electoral points); selection of activists (preventing the involvement of representatives of the criminal environment). In the context of considering ways to improve prevention, much attention is paid to the prevention of crime through technological innovations: control over people’s movement using a mobile phone; analysis of web browsing history; computer programs for crime prevention; compilation and maintenance of federal database programs; chipping, etc. The study is based on the accumulated experience of implementing preventive work, which is described in the sections “Prevention yesterday” and “Prevention today”. The article analyzes examples of crime prevention in Thailand, the U.S. etc., and reflects the results of implementation of the “Safe City” program in Moscow. The methodological basis of this study is represented by the axiological approach. Research problems were addressed with the use of general philosophical principles of dialectics and special methods of cognition: systematic, formal-legal, sociological, etc. Results: the public remains the most important element of the prevention system. It is necessary to develop and legally consolidate the relevant activities, for example, as it is done in Article 11 of the Federal Law “On the fundamentals of the system for prevention of neglect and juvenile delinquency”. Legal education should be the main weapon in the hands of the subjects of prevention. Elimination of crime should become the main direction of prevention.

scholarly journals La relación entre conocimiento común y conocimiento científico en el contexto de la enseñanza, aprendizaje y cambio conceptual de las ciencias

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonso Claret Zambrano
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Hard Core ◽  
Conceptual Structure ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Previous Knowledge ◽  
Research Problems ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This paper analyses the research approach on the relationship between scientificscholar knowledge of the teacher and common previous knowledge of students inschool within the context of teaching, learning and conceptual change in sciences.The paper shows two sections: the first is about conceptual historical development ofthe research question. ln this sense the first question was How the students learnsciences and its transformation into the second, third , fourth and fifth question wasjustified on the light of the reading of the following works, mainly: Piaget, A usubel ,Driver, Vygotsky, and Bachelard, Canguilhem, Kuhn, Lakatos, Popper and othersauthors. The second explains the research question taking into consideration themeaning of the teacher, the pupil and the scientific knowledge in the classroom. Forthis purpose it is necessary to design a conceptual structure in order to analyze therelations, the concepts and the research problems of the teaching, learning andassessment in sciences. The structure shows the relationship of the teacher and thepupilas knowledge relationship. This is the cause why scientific knowledge must beconsidered as the hard core of the science teaching. But scientific knowledge in thiscase is seen as a product of the its historical and epistemological development andthe way as scientific knowledge changes in science is the basis forthinking aboutconceptual change of students in the classroom. The paper ends showing the aimsof the researcher engaged in this approach.

Paying the State Use Tax

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Tax Compliance ◽  
Behavioral Study ◽  
Reporting Behavior ◽  
Tax Returns ◽  
Use Tax ◽  
Rate Selection ◽  
Tax Reporting ◽  
Selection Of

To improve use tax compliance, twenty-seven states have added a line to their income tax returns where taxpayers can report taxable sales. This article reports results of a behavioral study of a postcard “nudge” sent to income tax filers in one of those states, Nebraska, to encourage self-reporting of liability. The research question is whether the informational nudge was sufficient to alter self-reporting behavior. Data indicate that the nudge more than doubled the likelihood of use tax reporting and nearly doubled the amount of revenue collected, but the rate of use tax reporting remains extremely low. Probit models reveal that use tax reporting rises with income at a decreasing rate. Selection models are also estimated because of positive selection bias in the selection of the treatment group. Taken together, the results indicate that an informational nudge is not likely to be sufficient to substantially change use tax reporting behavior.

IMPLEMENTASI INSTRUKSI DIRJEN BIMAS ISLAM NOMOR: Kep/D/101/1978 TENTANG TUNTUNAN PENGERAS SUARA DI MASJID, LANGGAR, DAN MUSHOLA DALAM KONTEKS PLURALISME DAN PERSPEKTIF HUKUM TATA NEGARA ISLAM (Studi Kasus Masyarakat Kota Medan)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 273
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zikri Abdillah ◽  
Afrian Raus
Keyword(s):  
Constitutional Law ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Know How ◽  
Religious People ◽  
Circular Letter ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Directorate General

The main problem in this study is how is the condition of religious communities after the circulation of the Directive of the Guidance and Guidance of the Islamic Community Guidance Number: Kep/D/101/1978 on Guidance for Loud Speakers in Mosques, Langgar and Mushola and how it is implemented in the context of pluralism and then see the policy in terms of perspective Islamic constitutional law. The purpose of this study is to describe how the conditions of worship of religious people before and after the circulation of the circular letter and to know how the implementation of the circular Directive Directorate General of Islamic Community Guidance Number: Kep / D / 101/1978 about Guidelines for Loud Speakers in the Mosque, Langgar, and Mushola for realizing what was instructed in the circular.

Selection of the Research Question

2018 ◽  
pp. 26-44
Author(s):  
Keiko Ueda ◽  
Lotfi B Merabet ◽  
Andre Brunoni ◽  
Felipe Fregni
Keyword(s):  
Research Question ◽  
General Idea ◽  
Study Phase ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Specific Research ◽  
Clinical Endpoints ◽  
Final Goal ◽  
Specific Research Question ◽  
Good Research ◽  
Selection Of

Selecting a research question is the first step of any research project. This chapter discusses how to formulate a specific research question from a variety of scientific interests. The reader will learn that a good research question needs to consider several aspects, such as feasibility, innovation, and significance, and that merging all these aspects into one research question may be challenging. This chapter reviews the importance of generating a strong research question using the PICOT format: population (P), intervention (I), control (C), outcomes (O), and time (T). This chapter also discusses the selection of appropriate outcome variables—surrogates or clinical endpoints, based on the types of questions or study phase. The final goal of this chapter is to refine the researcher’s general idea into the process of shaping a strong research question that will be feasible, important, ethical, and answerable.

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