THE SOCIAL-PSYCHOLOGICAL DETERMINANTS OF PREGNANT WOMEN’ SELF-ESTEEM

The psychology of motherhood is one of the most complex and little-studied branches of modern science. Such studies are important because of existing grave demographic problems associated with falling birth rates, the large number of divorces, the increasing number of children abandoned by their parents or cases of child abuse, insufficient social and psychological assistance for families, and especially for women in labour.The holistic psychological approach is relevant to studies of motherhood and social-psychological determinants forming pregnant women’s self-esteem, because psychological problems of motherhood and early childhood are in demand on the background of modern advances in medicine, physiology, gynaecology and obstetrics, improved scientific-technical help at childbirth and neonatal practices.The article studies pregnant women’s self-esteem, in particular, by taking into account such characteristics as women’s reproductive health, psychological-emotional states during pregnancy, psychological readiness for motherhood, social environment, social support, self-realization in the professional sphere, social guarantees given by employers.The article proposes the theoretical model covering social-psychological determinants of pregnant women’s self-esteem, which takes into account both the general social-psychological factors of life and the sphere of life specific for a modern pregnant woman. The presented determinants affect a woman’s self-esteem before / during pregnancy, after childbirth and form her attitude to herself and to her role as a mother in family and society. The purpose of this theoretical model is to analyze the impact of socio-psychological determinants on pregnant women’s self-esteem.Pregnant women’s self-esteem is a multilevel structure, which parts are studied in many sciences (psychology, sociology, demography, medicine - (gynaecology, obstetrics, neonatology, prenatal psychology), and covers all areas of pregnant women’ life.

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Social-Psychological Factors of Deviant Behavior of Adolescents

Bulletin of Science and Practice ◽

10.33619/2414-2948/72/38 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (11) ◽

pp. 302-310

Keyword(s):

Experimental Work ◽

Scientific Knowledge ◽

Psychological Factors ◽

Deviant Behavior ◽

Parental Attitudes ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Psychological Characteristics ◽

Social Psychological ◽

Psychological Determinants ◽

Behavior Types

The article is devoted to the study of social-psychological factors of deviant behavior in adolescents. The psychological characteristics of adolescence, the phenomenology of deviant behavior, types of deviant behavior are considered. Particular attention is paid to the consideration of the factors of the formation of deviant behavior of minors. The authors note the lack of scientific knowledge about this. Identifying and taking into account such factors will make it possible to individualize the process of psychoprophylactic and corrective activities of a psychologist. Experimental work on the study of the socio-psychological reasons for the deviant behavior of minors is described. The analysis of the research results is presented. The study made it possible to determine the influence of socio-psychological determinants on the formation of deviant behavior in adolescents: personal and characterological characteristics, character accentuations, peculiarities of adolescent self-esteem, types of family upbringing, characteristics of parental attitudes. All this will allow in the future to develop programs of psychological prevention of deviant behavior in adolescents, taking into account their characteristics and family upbringing.

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Inheritances, social classes, and wealth distribution

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0259002 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (10) ◽

pp. e0259002

Author(s):

Pedro Patrício ◽

Nuno A. M. Araújo

Keyword(s):

Theoretical Model ◽

Probability Distribution ◽

Wealth Distribution ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Social Classes ◽

Number Of Children ◽

Simple Theoretical Model ◽

Finite Resource ◽

The Impact ◽

Class Distinction

We consider a simple theoretical model to investigate the impact of inheritances on the wealth distribution. Wealth is described as a finite resource, which remains constant over different generations and is divided equally among offspring. All other sources of wealth are neglected. We consider different societies characterized by a different offspring probability distribution. We find that, if the population remains constant, the society reaches a stationary wealth distribution. We show that inequality emerges every time the number of children per family is not always the same. For realistic offspring distributions from developed countries, the model predicts a Gini coefficient of G ≈ 0.3. If we divide the society into wealth classes and set the probability of getting married to depend on the distance between classes, the stationary wealth distribution crosses over from an exponential to a power-law regime as the number of wealth classes and the level of class distinction increase.

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Gender Preference in Current Pregnancy among Primigravidae

Nepal Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology ◽

10.3126/njog.v12i1.18979 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 36-39 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Meena Thapa ◽

Junu Bajracharya

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Sex Selection ◽

Medical College ◽

Number Of Children ◽

Fetal Gender ◽

The Family ◽

Education Status ◽

The Impact ◽

Present Pregnancy ◽

Status Of Women

Aims: To study preference of gender of fetuses in present pregnancy, wish of number of children in the family, and knowledge of pre-natal sex selection by the pregnant women, and to study the impact of education level of women on preference of fetal gender and the desire of women to know the gender of fetuses.Methods: It was a descriptive study done in Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department of Kathmandu Medical College. All primigravidae, who did not know the gender of their fetuses and willing to participate in the study were enrolled in the study. The pregnant women were interviewed regarding demographic profile of the women, choice of gender of fetuses, number of children they want to have and knowledge regarding prenatal sex selection, using semi structured questionnaire.Results: Two hundred women were studied. Two third of them were educated minimum of 12th Class. Most of the pregnant women (81%) did not show preference of gender of their fetuses, only 13% of them wanted to have son in this pregnancy. About 61% of them want to have two children in their family. Regarding prenatal sex selection, only 44% knew about it. More than half (56%) of the women showed interest in knowing the gender of fetuses in present pregnancy. The education status of women did not have an effect on the choice of either gender or wish to know the gender of unborn fetuses by primigravidae.Conclusions: Most of the primigravidae had no choice of gender of fetuses. Two children in the family was regarded as ideal by most of the women

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Impact of antenatal HIV screening to prevent HIV infection in children in Norway 1987–99

Journal of Medical Screening ◽

10.1136/jms.9.2.57 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 57-59 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

P. Aavitsland ◽

Ø. Nilsen ◽

A. Lystad ◽

A. Bjørndal

Keyword(s):

Hiv Infection ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Screening Programme ◽

False Positive Rate ◽

Hiv Screening ◽

Design Data ◽

Hiv Surveillance ◽

Number Of Children ◽

Positive Rate ◽

The Impact

OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of the antenatal HIV screening programme in Norway in preventing HIV infection in children. SETTING: Norway, 1987–99. METHODS: In a simulated retrospective cohort design data were used from the mandatory HIV surveillance system to compare the observed number of children born infected with HIV in Norway 1987–99 to the expected number without the antenatal screening programme. The main measures were relative and absolute performance of the screening programme. Other measures were uptake and false positive rate of screening, and number and exposure category of screen positive women. RESULTS: 96% of 961 000 eligible pregnant women were tested. 0.1% had an indeterminate test result and 46 women (5.0/100 000) were confirmed screen positive. 27 were African or south east Asian women infected before immigration to Norway. Nine out of 739 000 live born children (1.2/100 000) were infected compared with the expected 18 with no screening. The absolute impact of the screening programme was 1.3 (95% confidence interval (95% CI) -0.1 to 2.7) prevented infections in 100 000 women screened. The relative preventive impact was 51% (-15% to 81%). CONCLUSIONS: The limited absolute impact is because of the very low prevalence of undetected HIV infection among pregnant women in Norway.

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Investigating the Relationship Between Self-Esteem and Stigma Among Young Adults With History of Suicide Attempts

Crisis ◽

10.1027/0227-5910/a000399 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 37 (4) ◽

pp. 265-270 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Meshan Lehmann ◽

Matthew R. Hilimire ◽

Lawrence H. Yang ◽

Bruce G. Link ◽

Jordan E. DeVylder

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Suicide Attempts ◽

Self Esteem ◽

High Risk Population ◽

High Functioning ◽

People With Mental Illness ◽

History Of ◽

The Individual ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

Abstract. Background: Self-esteem is a major contributor to risk for repeated suicide attempts. Prior research has shown that awareness of stigma is associated with reduced self-esteem among people with mental illness. No prior studies have examined the association between self-esteem and stereotype awareness among individuals with past suicide attempts. Aims: To understand the relationship between stereotype awareness and self-esteem among young adults who have and have not attempted suicide. Method: Computerized surveys were administered to college students (N = 637). Linear regression analyses were used to test associations between self-esteem and stereotype awareness, attempt history, and their interaction. Results: There was a significant stereotype awareness by attempt interaction (β = –.74, p = .006) in the regression analysis. The interaction was explained by a stronger negative association between stereotype awareness and self-esteem among individuals with past suicide attempts (β = –.50, p = .013) compared with those without attempts (β = –.09, p = .037). Conclusion: Stigma is associated with lower self-esteem within this high-functioning sample of young adults with histories of suicide attempts. Alleviating the impact of stigma at the individual (clinical) or community (public health) levels may improve self-esteem among this high-risk population, which could potentially influence subsequent suicide risk.

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Emotional Reactivity to Visual Content as Revealed by ERP Component Clustering

Journal of Psychophysiology ◽

10.1027/0269-8803/a000145 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 135-146 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Miroslaw Wyczesany ◽

Szczepan J. Grzybowski ◽

Jan Kaiser

Keyword(s):

Emotional Reactivity ◽

Brain Activity ◽

Affective State ◽

Occipital Lobe ◽

Stimulus Onset ◽

Emotional States ◽

Neural Basis ◽

Temporoparietal Junction ◽

The Right ◽

The Impact

Abstract. In the study, the neural basis of emotional reactivity was investigated. Reactivity was operationalized as the impact of emotional pictures on the self-reported ongoing affective state. It was used to divide the subjects into high- and low-responders groups. Independent sources of brain activity were identified, localized with the DIPFIT method, and clustered across subjects to analyse the visual evoked potentials to affective pictures. Four of the identified clusters revealed effects of reactivity. The earliest two started about 120 ms from the stimulus onset and were located in the occipital lobe and the right temporoparietal junction. Another two with a latency of 200 ms were found in the orbitofrontal and the right dorsolateral cortices. Additionally, differences in pre-stimulus alpha level over the visual cortex were observed between the groups. The attentional modulation of perceptual processes is proposed as an early source of emotional reactivity, which forms an automatic mechanism of affective control. The role of top-down processes in affective appraisal and, finally, the experience of ongoing emotional states is also discussed.

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Interculturalism and the Acceptance of Minority Groups

Social Psychology ◽

10.1027/1864-9335/a000404 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 51 (2) ◽

pp. 135-140 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Maykel Verkuyten ◽

Kumar Yogeeswaran

Keyword(s):

Minority Groups ◽

Psychological Research ◽

Survey Experiment ◽

Social Psychological ◽

Negative Attitudes ◽

Positive Attitudes ◽

Social Psychological Research ◽

Using Data ◽

The Impact ◽

Situational Effect

Abstract. Multiculturalism has been criticized and rejected by an increasing number of politicians, and social psychological research has shown that it can lead to outgroup stereotyping, essentialist thinking, and negative attitudes. Interculturalism has been proposed as an alternative diversity ideology, but there is almost no systematic empirical evidence about the impact of interculturalism on the acceptance of migrants and minority groups. Using data from a survey experiment conducted in the Netherlands, we examined the situational effect of promoting interculturalism on acceptance. The results show that for liberals, but not for conservatives, interculturalism leads to more positive attitudes toward immigrant-origin groups and increased willingness to engage in contact, relative to multiculturalism.

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