scholarly journals Reviving the Institution of ‘Science’ in Islamic Civilization after Mongol Invasion: The Case of Tabriz Rabe Rashidi University

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farough Amin Mozaffari ◽  
Seyed Yasin Yazdi-Amirkhiz ◽  
Zakaria Rahimi
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Management Skills ◽  
Organizational Goals ◽  
Scientific Organizations ◽  
Academic Organization ◽  
Islamic Civilization ◽  
Development And Management ◽  
Economic Foundations

The Mongol invasion caused great devastation and significant social change in the eastern parts of the Islamic world, where scientific organizations did consequently suffer irreparable damage. Using ahistorical-comparative method, the present paper purported to study the model of reconstruction of scientific organizations in post-Mongol invasion era in Iran with emphasis on Rabe Rashidi University of Tabriz. Given that the institution of 'science' for flourishing and sustaining the continuum of progress requires the constant presence of a conducive social and political context as well as economic foundations and institutionalized knowledge-oriented values in society, after the Mongol invasion and positioning of Tabriz as a political center and capital city, Rashid al-Din Fazlullah Hamadani in the capacity of Ilkhanid chancellor expended a great deal of effort to contribute to the development and management of each of the afore-mentioned elements. He aptly combined and augmented the efficacy of the then available 'raw materials' via molding them into an educational organization and reframed the dispersed and informal endowments into a formal academic organization to be utilized by the educational departments and all those involved in Rabe Rashidi. Preparing a conducive educational environment, delineating organizational goals, organizing the space and time of the training groups, developing educational curricula, planning for the methods and quality of teaching, managing classes, and assigning students into cohorts according to their talents and interests were some of the management skills of Rashid al-Din, just to name some. The accomplishments of Rabe Rashidi University in acquiring Chinese and Mongolian sciences and integrating them into the legacy of Islamic sciences besides its special relationship with Byzantium had made Rabe Rashidi one of the channels for the transfer of Islamic knowledge to Europe.

scholarly journals Reviving the Institution of ‘Science’ in Islamic Civilization after Mongol Invasion: The Case of Tabriz Rabe Rashidi University

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farough Amin Mozaffari ◽  
Seyed Yasin Yazdi-Amirkhiz ◽  
Zakaria Rahimi
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Management Skills ◽  
Organizational Goals ◽  
Scientific Organizations ◽  
Academic Organization ◽  
Islamic Civilization ◽  
Development And Management ◽  
Economic Foundations

The Mongol invasion caused great devastation and significant social change in the eastern parts of the Islamic world, where scientific organizations did consequently suffer irreparable damage. Using ahistorical-comparative method, the present paper purported to study the model of reconstruction of scientific organizations in post-Mongol invasion era in Iran with emphasis on Rabe Rashidi University of Tabriz. Given that the institution of 'science' for flourishing and sustaining the continuum of progress requires the constant presence of a conducive social and political context as well as economic foundations and institutionalized knowledge-oriented values in society, after the Mongol invasion and positioning of Tabriz as a political center and capital city, Rashid al-Din Fazlullah Hamadani in the capacity of Ilkhanid chancellor expended a great deal of effort to contribute to the development and management of each of the afore-mentioned elements. He aptly combined and augmented the efficacy of the then available 'raw materials' via molding them into an educational organization and reframed the dispersed and informal endowments into a formal academic organization to be utilized by the educational departments and all those involved in Rabe Rashidi. Preparing a conducive educational environment, delineating organizational goals, organizing the space and time of the training groups, developing educational curricula, planning for the methods and quality of teaching, managing classes, and assigning students into cohorts according to their talents and interests were some of the management skills of Rashid al-Din, just to name some. The accomplishments of Rabe Rashidi University in acquiring Chinese and Mongolian sciences and integrating them into the legacy of Islamic sciences besides its special relationship with Byzantium had made Rabe Rashidi one of the channels for the transfer of Islamic knowledge to Europe.

scholarly journals Support for innovative fast growing companies as an element of sustainability of the Russian financial system

2018 ◽  
Vol 212 ◽  
pp. 08025
Author(s):  
Yulia Darina ◽  
Ivan Daurtsev
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Financial System ◽  
Business Community ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Scientific Organizations ◽  
Regional Aspect ◽  
Hydrocarbon Gas ◽  
The Stability ◽  
High Level

The crisis phenomena on the hydrocarbon, gas and other raw materials market make it necessary to search for new points of growth of the national economy in order to ensure the stability of the financial system to external factors. An increase of the population of fast growing companies, the growth rate of which can be intensified through interaction between business and the state is one of the effective mechanisms for overcoming resource dependences. The article discusses the mechanism of interaction of the business community with scientific organizations using budgetary funds, which has positively established itself in foreign markets, in Russia. The authors also examined the regional aspect of state support for such cooperation. However, according to the conducted research, this mechanism does not bring positive results because of some administrative barriers, such as extremely high level of accountability, low-effective control system and transfer of foreign technologies.

scholarly journals Creating Full English Atmosphere in Teaching English to Young Learners: Teachers’ Perspectives

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-370
Author(s):  
Annisa Astrid ◽  
Amalia Hasanah ◽  
Syafryadin Syafryadin
Keyword(s):  
Classroom Management ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Learning Activities ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Management Skills ◽  
Teaching English ◽  
Language Performance ◽  
Questionnaire Item ◽  
Young Learners ◽  
Teachers Perspectives

The research had two objectives; 1) to explore teachers’ belief about the use of full English during learning activities, and 2) to determine the factors that affected the use of full English in teaching English to teach English to young learners. Embedded mixed method was used in this study. The quantitative data were gained by distributing 1 set of closed-response questionnaire item to 38 teachers of English who teach English at elementary schools in Palembang, a capital city of South Sumatera Province, Indonesia. Meanwhile, the qualitative data were gained from one-to-one in depth interview to 15 teachers of English who were willing to be interviewed. Students’ responses to each questionnaire item were analyzed by using descriptive statistics analysis by Employing SPSS program. Meanwhile, the qualitative data gained from the interview were analyzed by using thematic analysis. It was revealed from the study that first, teachers shared positive belief about the use of full English while teaching English in the class. Secondly, there are five factors that affected the use of full English during learning activities; 1) The English Proficiency of the teachers; 2) School Policy; 3) The homogeneous level of students’ language performance 4) Teacher’s classroom management skills and 5) Students’ attitude toward English.

scholarly journals Systematic Development of Generic Skills to Enhance Innovation Capacity of Eastern and Southeastern European Universities

2022 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Petra Grgasović ◽  
Sibila Borojević Šoštarić
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Methodology ◽  
Management Skills ◽  
Southeast Europe ◽  
Generic Skills ◽  
Institutional Management ◽  
European Universities ◽  
Entrepreneurial Skills ◽  
Innovation Capacity ◽  
Systematic Development ◽  
Development And Management

The level of innovativeness within the higher education systems of east and southeast Europe and their graduates is still assessed as modest or moderate. Besides the general socio–economic context and the inherited institutional management types, this deficiency stems from a lack of generic skills crucial for increasing the innovation capacity of the universities. TrainESEE v.2 project suggests that significant changes should be already put in place within the applied teaching methodology, but also highlights the importance of developing project development and management skills, innovation, entrepreneurial skills, and finally competences needed to strengthen science to business cooperation.

scholarly journals Sistem Rantai Pasok Industri Minuman Softdrink

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Yossy Kartika
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chain Management ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chain Management ◽  
Organizational Goals ◽  
Integrated Framework ◽  
Total Productivity ◽  
The Relationship

This paper discussed the supply chain management solutions at PT Coca Cola Bottling Indonesia withan evaluation of supply chain management of Coca Cola, where supply chain management is aconcept or mechanism to increase the total productivity of companies in the supply chain throughoptimization of the time, location and quantity of flow materials from raw materials into semi-finishedproducts and finished products. Supply Chain Management is not only about the relationship with thesupplier but also the link between the company and consumers. By knowing the value of theperformance of supply chainnya the company can improve the effectiveness and productivity of theorganization to achieve organizational goals is to win the competition, and increase corporate profits.In such measurements should be made an integrated framework and must comply with theconditions of the studied companies. 

Missed Call or an Opportunity

2018 ◽  
pp. 141-160
Author(s):  
Indira Ananth
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Knowledge Economy ◽  
Urban Agglomeration ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Management Skills ◽  
Street Vendors ◽  
Communication Device ◽  
The Government

The mobile phone has come to be recognized as one of the key instruments of ICT. Its easy acceptance as a communication device enhances its usage. India is one of the fastest growing markets for the government has been keenly promoting a digital India programme with a vision to transform India into a digitally empowered society and knowledge economy. There has been much focus on mobile phones and their applications in the light of delegalisation of notes in India. It has gained attention in the scenario of moving to a cashless economy. It has brought into focus more sharply the need for mobile phone literacy. This chapter discusses the use of mobile phones among street vendors in Chennai, a capital city and the fourth largest urban agglomeration in India. The study found that most owned a basic mobile phone. The vending business continued to be practiced in old ways with no new management skills. The business was run and was highly dependent on cash payments. The respondents did not consider the mobile phone as an important tool for daily business.

scholarly journals Fatimid Library: History, Development and Management

2014 ◽  
pp. 21-32
Author(s):  
Nakhlu Zatul Akmam ◽  
ATM Shamsuzzoha
Keyword(s):  
Public Libraries ◽  
Library History ◽  
Persian Literature ◽  
Library Management ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
Modern System ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Islamic Civilization ◽  
Development And Management ◽  
Muslim Spain

In demand of time Muslim library has been initiated from the very beginning of Islam like the ancient Mesopotamian, Egyptian and Roman libraries. With the arrival of Prophet Muhammad (Sm.) a new epoch was started in the field of knowledge and science in Islam. From that very day with the appearance of Prophet (Sm.) the beginning of Islamic civilization get impetus and many institutions were established in the Muslim countries and renowned intellectuals and scholars of different fields were associated with those institutions. After this, when the Muslims came closer to the Persian literature and Greek sciences the Islamic library started its journey in the 7th century. So, for the acquisition of knowledge Muslim library has been initiated at Baghdad and later on Muslim Spain and Africa. In this process, as a strong opponent of the Abbasids the Fatimid rulers made tremendous steps in the field of establishing library and library management. As a strong opponent of the Abbasid the Fatimid established royal library and various public libraries. Various important functions such as, collection of books, preservation system, translation, cataloguing, inclusion and clarification of the books were practices in those libraries. Besides these, recruitment, promotion, management of archives and modern system of budgeting were also salient features of their library management. The current research is a humble attempt to find out the functioning, evolution and analyzing of the Fatimid royal, private and public libraries. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbayr.v2i1.20538 Journal of the Bangladesh Association of Young Researchers (JBAYR): Vol.2(1), 2012 & 2013: 21-32

scholarly journals Exploring Foreign Language Teachers Recruitment Criteria: A Qualitative Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyyed Ali Ostovar-Namaghi ◽  
Seyyedeh Mobina Hosseini
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Language Teachers ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Private Language ◽  
Management Skills ◽  
Foreign Language Teachers ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis ◽  
Language Schools

Although qualities of effective language teachers have been well specified and well researched, recruiters may not be aware of these qualities or, in the light of local constraints, they may ignore these qualities and apply their own criteria. To uncover the criteria which are actually applied in recruiting language teachers, this qualitative study purposively sampled 15 supervisors who were in charge of recruiting language teachers in private language schools of Sari, the capital city of Mazandran province and then theoretically sampled their perspectives and analyzed them in line with the principles and procedures of grounded theory. Iterative data collection and analysis revealed that the participants considered nine qualities including educational background, professional experience, management skills, mastery over language skills and subskills in recruiting language teachers. The findings have clear implications for both recruiters and language teachers.

scholarly journals Mobilising identities: the shape and reality of middle and junior managers’ working lives – a qualitative study

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. 1-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Harvey ◽  
Ellen Annandale ◽  
John Loan-Clarke ◽  
Olga Suhomlinova ◽  
Nina Teasdale
Keyword(s):  
Work Groups ◽  
Work Group ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Clinical Work ◽  
Social Identities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Management Skills ◽  
Span Of Control ◽  
Working Lives

BackgroundSocial identities shape how individuals perceive their roles and perform their work. Yet little is known about the identities of various types of NHS managers and even less about how they may influence how they carry out their work to achieve effectiveness.ObjectivesTo chart the work of middle and junior clinical and non-clinical managers; to describe how their identities are constructed and shape the performance of their roles; to explore how they mobilise their identities to achieve effectiveness.DesignQualitative research.SettingTwo large English hospital trusts.ParticipantsData consisted of 91 semistructured interviews with four primary categories of managers [junior clinical (JC), junior non-clinical (JNC), middle clinical (MC), and middle non-clinical (MNC)], shadowing of a small subsample, observations of meetings. For some analyses the four categories were broken down into finer-grained ‘work groups’. The data were analysed both qualitatively, using the constant comparative method, and quantitatively, using the method of ‘quantitising’ (the numerical translation of qualitative data).ResultsRespondents’ identitiesas managerswere not particularly strong. Results reveal a more nuanced and widely spread portrait of the ‘reluctant manager’ than hitherto reported. The picture ofwhat managers dowas complex and multifaceted. On some dimensions, such as ‘span of responsibility’, ‘span of control’ and cross-site working, internal variations by ‘work group’ indicate that comparisons between the four primary categories were not particularly meaningful. Variety was added to by internal diversity even within ‘work groups’. Analyses ofself-reported effectivenessrevealed that ‘hard’, demonstrable measures of performance (‘transactional effectiveness’) were important to all four categories of managers; however, many were also concerned with ‘softer’ indicators involving enabling, supporting and developing a team (‘processual effectiveness’). Many felt ‘processual effectiveness’ fed ‘transactional effectiveness’. It was also regarded as a form of effectiveness in its own right that could be compromised by undue attention to ‘transactional effectiveness’. Across all categories respondentsmobilisedbothmanagerial identitiesand ‘other’ professional identities (e.g. nurse, doctor, accountant or scientist) for effectiveness. Although mobilisation capacities of ‘other’ identities were fairly explicit,managerialidentity often appeared ‘in disguise’. There was a tendency to refer to experience or tenure within the organisation as a resource to influence others and to cite ability to communicate as their personality trait, yet this implies skilled knowledge of organisational context. Equally, identifying, for example as a ‘people person’, encompasses a raft of management skills such as the ability to translate specific demands placed on their subordinates by the organisation in terms that are clear and meaningful. The research also revealed that the ‘mobilising capacities’ of the ‘facets of identity’ of the various ‘work groups’ were subject to identity constraints arising from others ‘above’, ‘below’ and ‘laterally’, as well as from the wider organisation (such as culture, resources) and their workload. For clinical managers, it was also constricted by juggling clinical and non-clinical work within time constraints.ConclusionsMany respondents struggled with their identities as managers. Given that a strong identity is associated with uncertainty reduction and employee strengthening, more work is needed to improve how positive identities can be fostered both among managers themselves and amongst those with whom they interact. To fully comprehend the relationship between self-perceived identities and how managers carry out their work it is recommended that future research gives attention not only to variation across but also within primary categories and work groups.FundingThe National Institute for Health Research Health Services and Delivery Research programme.

scholarly journals Uso do solo e dinâmica de conflitos, na bacia do Rio dos Sinos - municípios de Campo Bom, Novo Hamburgo e São Leopoldo, RS, Brasil

1999 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Luis Eduardo Robaina ◽  
Adriano Severo Figueró ◽  
Sandro Sidnei Vargas de Cristo
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Regional Economic Growth ◽  
Porto Alegre ◽  
Production Techniques ◽  
Advance Production

The regional occupation has its origin dating back to the start of German immigration. The European settlers that arrived from the state of Rio Grande do Sul brought with them relatively more advance production techniques. Thus, there was rapid regional economic growth, based on agricultural products supplying Porto Alegre, the state's capital city. Capital accumulation in the region brought about industrialization which was also linked to the development of cattle raising activities due to abundance of laborpower and related raw materials. Urban occupation was divided in three categories, according to their intensity: high, medium and low as determined by building patterns, urban equipment and available services Non-urban areas are considered as being latent urban development grounds. Both the small farms used primarily for leisure activities and those with some agricultural and cattle raising activities seem to have little future.

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