Home ownership in Saudi Arabia: Spatial Dimensions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asharaf Abdul Salam
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Home Ownership ◽  
Ownership Type ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Spatial Dimensions ◽  
One Way Anova

<p>This paper undertakes a detailed analysis of 2010 Census Population and Household Tables (Final), to assess governorate wise variations in home ownership, type of living accommodations and housing infrastructure - material used for construction, electricity, water and sewage facilities.</p> <p>The data published by the Ministry of Economics and Planning in its “Population and Housing, 2010 Census” analyzed in detail using SPSS20, applying statistical methods such as, cross tabulations and chi-square; mean and standard deviation; and One-Way ANOVA. Governorates classified into small, medium and large, according to the number of Saudi persons, have been analyzed across 13 regions quantifying homeownership status. Further governorates are classified according to the percentage of owning homes in order to analyze the type of living accommodations, built up material of housing, source of electricity, water and sewage facilities. </p> <br>

Home ownership in Saudi Arabia: Spatial Dimensions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asharaf Abdul Salam
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Home Ownership ◽  
Ownership Type ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Spatial Dimensions ◽  
One Way Anova

<p>This paper undertakes a detailed analysis of 2010 Census Population and Household Tables (Final), to assess governorate wise variations in home ownership, type of living accommodations and housing infrastructure - material used for construction, electricity, water and sewage facilities.</p> <p>The data published by the Ministry of Economics and Planning in its “Population and Housing, 2010 Census” analyzed in detail using SPSS20, applying statistical methods such as, cross tabulations and chi-square; mean and standard deviation; and One-Way ANOVA. Governorates classified into small, medium and large, according to the number of Saudi persons, have been analyzed across 13 regions quantifying homeownership status. Further governorates are classified according to the percentage of owning homes in order to analyze the type of living accommodations, built up material of housing, source of electricity, water and sewage facilities. </p> <br>

scholarly journals Contribution to cultural-geographical research: Possible evaluations of cultural aspects by statistical methods

Geografie ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 110 (4) ◽  
pp. 300-314
Author(s):  
Silvie Kuldová
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Regional Identity ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Geographical Research ◽  
Hard Data ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
The Impact ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
Statistical Analysis Methods

The aim of this article is to show that an evaluation of cultural aspects does not always mean an operation with "soft", non-quantifiable data. It is possible to refer to cultural variety of regions also with the help of numeric indicators, so-called "hard" data. As an example, differences between the Czech borderland and inland are studied in this article. The used characteristics are the percentage of native persons and number of municipality parts per municipality. Dissimilarity ratio of these indicators in space is evaluated by statistical analysis methods: independent-samples T test, one-way ANOVA, chi-square tests. Component analysis outputs help to complete the findings. Statistically significant differences between the identity of the Czech borderland and inland were proved. The impact of the former Czech-German linguistic boundary on the degree of regional identity of the inhabitants is still sensible.

scholarly journals ESBL Activity, MDR, and Carbapenem Resistance among Predominant Enterobacterales Isolated in 2019

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 744
Author(s):  
Altaf Bandy ◽  
Bilal Tantry
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Resistance Rates

Antimicrobial-resistance in Enterobacterales is a serious concern in Saudi Arabia. The present study retrospectively analyzed the antibiograms of Enterobacterales identified from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2019 from a referral hospital in the Aljouf region of Saudi Arabia. The revised document of the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) CR-2015 and Magiorakos et al.’s document were used to define carbapenem resistance and classify resistant bacteria, respectively. The association of carbapenem resistance, MDR, and ESBL with various sociodemographic characteristics was assessed by the chi-square test and odds ratios. In total, 617 Enterobacterales were identified. The predominant (n = 533 (86.4%)) isolates consisted of 232 (37.6%), 200 (32.4%), and 101 (16.4%) Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis, respectively. In general, 432 (81.0%) and 128 (24.0%) isolates were of MDR and ESBL, respectively. The MDR strains were recovered in higher frequency from intensive care units (OR = 3.24 (1.78–5.91); p < 0.01). E. coli and K. pneumoniae resistance rates to imipenem (2.55 (1.21–5.37); p < 0.01) and meropenem (2.18 (1.01–4.67); p < 0.04), respectively, were significantly higher in winter. The data emphasize that MDR isolates among Enterobacterales are highly prevalent. The studied Enterobacterales exhibited seasonal variation in antimicrobial resistance rates towards carbapenems and ESBL activity.

scholarly journals Eye shape and the nocturnal bottleneck of mammals

2012 ◽  
Vol 279 (1749) ◽  
pp. 4962-4968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret I. Hall ◽  
Jason M. Kamilar ◽  
E. Christopher Kirk
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Activity Pattern ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Visual Sensitivity ◽  
Early Evolution ◽  
Eye Size ◽  
Diurnal Species

Most vertebrate groups exhibit eye shapes that vary predictably with activity pattern. Nocturnal vertebrates typically have large corneas relative to eye size as an adaptation for increased visual sensitivity. Conversely, diurnal vertebrates generally demonstrate smaller corneas relative to eye size as an adaptation for increased visual acuity. By contrast, several studies have concluded that many mammals exhibit typical nocturnal eye shapes, regardless of activity pattern. However, a recent study has argued that new statistical methods allow eye shape to accurately predict activity patterns of mammals, including cathemeral species (animals that are equally likely to be awake and active at any time of day or night). Here, we conduct a detailed analysis of eye shape and activity pattern in mammals, using a broad comparative sample of 266 species. We find that the eye shapes of cathemeral mammals completely overlap with nocturnal and diurnal species. Additionally, most diurnal and cathemeral mammals have eye shapes that are most similar to those of nocturnal birds and lizards. The only mammalian clade that diverges from this pattern is anthropoids, which have convergently evolved eye shapes similar to those of diurnal birds and lizards. Our results provide additional evidence for a nocturnal ‘bottleneck’ in the early evolution of crown mammals.

scholarly journals Adherence to Vaccine Requirements among Hajj Pilgrims in Saudi Arabia, 2017-2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-97
Author(s):  
Adel Alotaibi ◽  
Sami S Almudarra ◽  
Homoud S Algarni ◽  
Yasser Bakhsh ◽  
Zahir Mohamed Elamin Dafaalla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Compliance Rate ◽  
Adherence Rate ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Surveillance Network ◽  
Polio Vaccination

Hajj pilgrims must have certain vaccines for pilgrimage; these requirements aim to reduce the spread of infectious diseases. This study analyzed the trends in vaccine adherence for meningitis, yellow fever, and polio from January 2017- December 2019. These trends can help in guiding future policymaking to prevent outbreaks during Hajj and similar mass gatherings. We analyzed data using descriptive statistics for Hajj pilgrims and Hajj seasonal workers arriving in Saudi Arabia over three years (2017–2019). Health Control Centers (HCCs) collected data at points-of-entry (PoE) and entered it into Saudi Arabia’s Health Electronic Surveillance Network (HESN). We reviewed HESN data to collect information on total passengers arriving per country and the number of passengers vaccinated for: meningococcal meningitis, poliomyelitis, and yellow fever. We compared data to identify the difference in vaccination by region.  We used chi-square tests to assess differences in compliance rate among these travelers by year and country of origin. The number of participating countries increased from 113 to 132. Meningitis vaccine coverage increased by 5% from 2017–2019. The increase was not statistically significant. Asia had the lowest overall adherence rate (83%). Yellow fever adherence decreased significantly using a difference of mean adherence between 2017 and 2019 (p-value 0.01). Polio vaccination adherence decreased by 5% from 2017 to 2019; this was not significant (p-value = 0.08). The vaccine coverage increased for meningitis and decreased for yellow fever and polio. Less than 100% vaccine adherence among Hajj travelers creates the potential for the spread of infectious diseases. Proof of vaccination should be required in submitted visa applications. Countries of origin and Saudi Arabia must work together to ensure that all Hajjis are adequately vaccinated before departure.

scholarly journals Implications of the Model EFQM as a Strategic Management Tool in Practice: A Case of Slovak Tourism Sector

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 47-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ján Dobrovič ◽  
Ľubomír Kmeco ◽  
Peter Gallo ◽  
Peter Gallo, jr.
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Management ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Comprehensive Management ◽  
Efqm Model ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Proportion Method ◽  
Tourism Enterprises

The article focuses on the use of a strategic management tool, especially the EFQM model. The EFQM Excellence Model is a comprehensive management tool used to assess and improve business performance. In this article we focused on the use of this model in tourism enterprises in Slovakia. The main goal of the paper was to carry out research on the use of this model and to identify barriers that prevent the use of this model in managing and increasing the performance of businesses active in tourism. The research was based on formulated hypotheses, which we verified using statistical methods. As suitable statistical methods to verify hypotheses we chose the population proportion method and the Chi-square test of independence. The hypotheses were formulated on the basis of the available literature, published articles and research carried out so far. We also described the reasons that prevent the use of the EFQM model and analyzed the relevant context using a standard deviation. The aim of our paper was to find out the current state of use of the mentioned model and to present the model as a suitable tool for increasing the performance of businesses not only in the field of tourism.

scholarly journals Sustainable Learning Levels of High School Students

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-80
Author(s):  
Menekşe Eskici
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Arithmetic Mean ◽  
Female Students ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cognitive Subscale ◽  
Academic Year ◽  
One Way Anova

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine sustainable learning levels of students. The study also attempted to determine sustainable learning levels of students based on gender and grade. The participants of the study consisted of 742 high school students (354 females and 388 males) in various high schools in Babaeski district of Kırklareli, Turkey during the 2017–2018 academic year. In order to collect data, a scale with two subscales – behavioural and cognitive – was developed. The data were analysed through SPSS 17, and arithmetic mean, standard deviation, t-test and one-way analysis of variance (One Way Anova) were used. According to the results of the study, it is concluded that sustainable learning level of the high school students is moderate. The study also found a significant variation in favour of the female students in “learning for development” subdimension on the cognitive subscale of the scale.

scholarly journals Komparasi Berita Tenaga Kerja Indonesia di Arab Saudi dalam Surat Kabar Elektronik Detikcom dan Sabq.org

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Muhamad Fahrudin Yusuf ◽  
Mukti Ali
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Online Newspapers ◽  
Test Tool ◽  
Content Analysis Method ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Data Collection Technique

Various problems of migrant workers and their alleged different coverage on various media are the background of this research. This study focused on 131 news items on migrant workers' issues in Saudi Arabia in the online newspapers Detikcom and Sabq.org, with details of Detikcom 64 news and Sabq.org 67 as samples, with the aim of finding out how Detikcom and Sabq.org cover Indonesian migrant workers in Saudi Arabia and the difference in coverage of both. The content analysis method was chosen as an analysis tool with Codingsheet as a data collection technique and chi-square as a different test tool. The findings of this study are that there is uniformity of coverage on news about migrant workers in Saudi Arabia at Detikcom and Sabq.org with several categories of significant differences.Berbagai permasalahan TKI dan peliputannya yang diduga berbeda pada berbagai media melatarbelakangi penelitian ini. Penelitian ini difokuskan pada 131 isi berita permasalahan TKI di Arab Saudi pada suratkabar online Detikcom dan Sabq.org, dengan perincian Detikcom 64 berita dan Sabq.org 67 berita sebagai sampel, dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana Detikcom dan Sabq.org meliput TKI di Arab Saudi dan perbedaan liputan keduanya. Metode analisis isi dipilih sebagai alat analisis dengan codingsheet sebagai teknik pengumpulan data dan chi-square sebagai alat uji beda. Temuan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa ada keseragaman liputan pada berita tentang di TKI di Arab Saudi pada Detikcom dan Sabq.org dengan beberapa kategori didapati perbedaan signifikan. 

scholarly journals دور نظام التعويضات في تحسين جودة الخدمات التعليمية (جامعة حلبجة نموذجا)

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (108) ◽  
pp. 199
Author(s):  
مريوان مهدي جميل ◽  
شاخة وان جمال حبيب الله
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
One Way Anova

المستخلص          يهتم البحث بدور نظام التعويضات في تحسين جودة الخدمات التعليمية (جامعة حلبجة نموذجا)، اذ تمثلت مشكلتنا بالسؤال الاتي: ماهو دور نظام التعويضات بابعاده المختلفة في تحسين جودة الخدمات التعليمية؟ وما شكل العلاقة والاثر لاستخدام ابعاد نظام التعويضات في تحسين جودة الخدمات التعليمية؟ في حين تضمنت فرضية البحث وجود علاقة ارتباط وأثر بين نظام التعويضات ومتغيراتها مجتمعة في جودة الخدمات التعليمية. وقد ثبت ذلك من خلال دراسة ميدانية وتوزيع استمارات الاستبانة على افراد عينة الدراسة (108) فرد. ولتجزئة وتحليل البيانات تم حساب المتوسط الحسابي Mean والانحراف المعياري Standard Deviation وتحلیل التباین الاحادی (One Way Anova) ومعامل الارتباط (Correlations) ومعامل أثر(Regression) من ضمن برنامج الاحصائي (SPSS) في هذه الدراسة. وقد توصلت نتائج البحث الى نتيجة رئيسية وهي وجود علاقة قوية بين نظام التعويضات وتحسين جودة الخدمات التعليمية. وأوصل البحث الى رفع جودة الخدمات التعليمية واجراء التحسينات في الرواتب لكي لايشغل الموظف بالبحث عن مصدر اخر لمعيشته.

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