scholarly journals Eating behavior and obesity of women: estrogens and anorexigenic effect of estradiol

2021 ◽  
pp. 74-80
Author(s):  
A. V. Yakimova ◽  
I. O. Marinkin
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Pathological Condition ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
The World ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity

Eating behavior is a complex interaction of physiological, psychological, social, and genetic factors that affect the time of eating, the amount of food consumed, and food preferences. Obesity has reached epidemic proportions in the world and it is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. According to an analysis of 20 prospective studies, the years of life lost due to obesity have now exceeded the years of life lost due to smoking. The epidemic of obesity in the world determines the relevance of research aimed at identifying the factors that contribute to the emergence of this pathological condition. We studied mainly foreign literature on the effect of estrogens on women’s eating behavior and the physiology of adipose tissue. After puberty, women are at greater risk of developing eating disorders than men, possibly due to a more labile psyche. Estrogens contribute to the accumulation of subcutaneous fat, and low estrogen level in menopausal women contributes to an increase in the amount of visceral fat. It is believed that the anorectic effects of estrogens are mediated by the central nervous system, this statement is based on the fact that direct injections of estradiol into the paraventricular nucleus or the arcuate/ventromedial nucleus are most effective for reducing food intake, body weight and increasing motor activity. There is every reason to believe that further clinical, women-focused studies that provide a better understanding of the intracellular signaling pathways responsible for the estrogenic control of food intake will provide new insights into the mechanisms responsible for the greater prevalence of obesity and eating disorders in women.

scholarly journals Studying Children’s Eating at Home: Using Synchronous Videoconference Sessions to Adapt to COVID-19 and Beyond

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shruthi Venkatesh ◽  
Jasmine M. DeJesus
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Picture Quality ◽  
Observational Coding ◽  
Behavioral Coding ◽  
Video Chat ◽  
Before And After ◽  
At Home

The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted many facets of developmental research, including research that measures children’s eating behavior. Here, children’s food intake is often measured by weighing foods that children are offered before and after in-person testing sessions. Many studies also examine children’s food ratings (the extent to which they like or dislike a food), assessed via picture categorization tasks or hedonic scales. This paper reviews existing research on different methods for characterizing children’s eating behavior (with a focus on food intake, preferences, and concepts) and presents a feasibility study that examined whether children’s eating behaviors at home (including their food intake and ratings) can be measured via live video-chat sessions. The feasibility analyses revealed that an observational feeding paradigm at home yielded a majority (more than 70%) of video-chat recordings that had a sufficient view of the child and adequate sound and picture quality required for observational coding for the majority of the session’s duration. Such positioning would enable behavioral coding of child food intake, parent food talk, and meal characteristics. Moreover, children were able to answer questions to stories and express their preferences via researcher screen-share methods (which can assess children’s self-reported food preferences and beliefs) with low rates of exclusion across studies. The article ends with a discussion on the opportunities and challenges of using online platforms to conduct studies on children’s eating behaviors in their home environments during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond.

scholarly journals An approach to the etiology of metabolic syndrome

2013 ◽  
pp. 57-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angélica M Muñoz ◽  
Gabriel Bedoya ◽  
Claudia Velásquez
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Biochemical Responses ◽  
The World ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms

Increased prevalence of obesity in the world, especially accumulation of abnormal amounts of visceral fat predisposes to insulina resistance, which is the central role of metabolic syndrome (MS). Obesity can deregulate the intracellular signaling of insulina due to the production of inflammatory substances, chemo attractant proteins, adipokines and molecules that trigger hormonal mediator potentials for destabilization of signal transduction, leading to metabolic disorders such as hyperglycemia, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. The complexity of the MS and of the genetic mechanisms involved in its etiology derives from the combination of variants on genes involved and environmental factors that predispose it. The purpose of this paper is to review the effects of obesity in molecular and biochemical responses that trigger insulin resistance and its relation to some candidate genes and the ancestral component of the population.

scholarly journals The role of neurotransmitters in regulation of energy homeostasis and possibility of drug correction of its disturbances in obesity

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan I. Dedov ◽  
Ekaterina A. Troshina ◽  
Natalya V. Mazurina ◽  
Marina O. Galieva ◽  
Oksana V. Logvinova
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Metabolic Disorder ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Comorbid Conditions ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

In today's world the problem of obesity is discussed in the context of non-communicable diseases, leading to significant encumbrances on society. This article provides information about the basics of the regulation of energy balance and eating behavior. Particular attention is paid to the role of neurotransmitters, including serotonin, a metabolic disorder that is one of the suspected causes of eating disorders. Demonstrated experience in the use of sibutramine in the world, and in the Russian practice, taking into account the impact on the development of comorbid conditions and their complications.

scholarly journals The Role of “Mixed” Orexigenic and Anorexigenic Signals and Autoantibodies Reacting with Appetite-Regulating Neuropeptides and Peptides of the Adipose Tissue-Gut-Brain Axis: Relevance to Food Intake and Nutritional Status in Patients with Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kvido Smitka ◽  
Hana Papezova ◽  
Karel Vondra ◽  
Martin Hill ◽  
Vojtech Hainer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
Abnormal Eating ◽  
Normal Body Weight ◽  
Circulating Autoantibodies ◽  
The Individual

Eating disorders such as anorexia (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) are characterized by abnormal eating behavior. The essential aspect of AN is that the individual refuses to maintain a minimal normal body weight. The main features of BN are binge eating and inappropriate compensatory methods to prevent weight gain. The gut-brain-adipose tissue (AT) peptides and neutralizing autoantibodies play an important role in the regulation of eating behavior and growth hormone release. The mechanisms for controlling food intake involve an interplay between gut, brain, and AT. Parasympathetic, sympathetic, and serotoninergic systems are required for communication between brain satiety centre, gut, and AT. These neuronal circuits include neuropeptides ghrelin, neuropeptide Y (NPY), peptide YY (PYY), cholecystokinin (CCK), leptin, putative anorexigen obestatin, monoamines dopamine, norepinephrine (NE), serotonin, and neutralizing autoantibodies. This extensive and detailed report reviews data that demonstrate that hunger-satiety signals play an important role in the pathogenesis of eating disorders. Neuroendocrine dysregulations of the AT-gut-brain axis peptides and neutralizing autoantibodies may result in AN and BN. The circulating autoantibodies can be purified and used as pharmacological tools in AN and BN. Further research is required to investigate the orexigenic/anorexigenic synthetic analogs and monoclonal antibodies for potential treatment of eating disorders in clinical practice.

Assessment Methods for Eating Behavior, Food Intake and Food Preferences

1986 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 163-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per-Olow Sjödén ◽  
Jan Fellenius ◽  
Raimo Lappalainen
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Assessment Methods

scholarly journals The Gut–Brain Axis and Its Role in Controlling Eating Behavior in Intestinal Inflammation

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 981
Author(s):  
Gordon William Moran ◽  
Gita Thapaliya
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Emotional Eating ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Cognitive Factors ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Gut Peptides ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Inflammatory Burden

Malnutrition represents a major problem in the clinical management of the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Presently, our understanding of the cross-link between eating behavior and intestinal inflammation is still in its infancy. Crohn’s disease patients with active disease exhibit strong hedonic desires for food and emotional eating patterns possibly to ameliorate feelings of low mood, anxiety, and depression. Impulsivity traits seen in IBD patients may predispose them to palatable food intake as an immediate reward rather than concerns for future health. The upregulation of enteroendocrine cells (EEC) peptide response to food intake has been described in ileal inflammation, which may lead to alterations in gut–brain signaling with implications for appetite and eating behavior. In summary, a complex interplay of gut peptides, psychological, cognitive factors, disease-related symptoms, and inflammatory burden may ultimately govern eating behavior in intestinal inflammation.

scholarly journals Binge Eating Behavior in Patients with Eating Disorders

1994 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet L. Guss ◽  
Harry R. Kissilejf ◽  
B. Timothy Walsh ◽  
Michael J. Devlin
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Eating Behavior

scholarly journals Eating and body image: Does food insecurity make us feel thinner?

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaudia B. Ambroziak ◽  
Elena Azañón ◽  
Matthew R. Longo
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Insurance Hypothesis ◽  
Central Aspect ◽  
Food Scarcity ◽  
Clinical Conditions ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractBody image distortions are common in healthy individuals and a central aspect of serious clinical conditions, such as eating disorders. This commentary explores the potential implications of body image and its distortions for the insurance hypothesis. In particular, we speculate that body image may be an intervening variable mediating the relationship between perceived food scarcity and eating behavior.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document