Corruption and the fight against it in historical retrospect

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (10-4) ◽  
pp. 236-244
Author(s):  
Petr Ivanov ◽  
Artyom Shitov
Keyword(s):  
Historical Documents ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Historical Retrospect ◽  
The Difference

The authors consider the concept of corruption in each stage of the formation of the Russian state. A special attention is paid to the difference between bribery and corruption. On the base of historical documents the origins of corruption and the mechanism for fighting it are disclosed.

scholarly journals The official name of the Russian state in the domestic norm-making practice of the second half of the XIXth century

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 11-19
Author(s):  
I. V. Ganusenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
Relationship Of

Consideration in the scientific article The question of the relationship of the regulatory terminology used as the official name of the Russian state is due to the problem of the absence of a single scientific approach in determining its semantic content and is dedicated to the 300th anniversary of the proclamation of the name of the state “Russian Empire”. The features of the rulemaking practice on the official consolidation of the name of the state with the simultaneous use of regulatory terms “Russia”, “Russian Empire”, “Empire” and “Russian State”, having an equivalent semantic value in the name of the same state that operated in the specific historical period of its development. Allocated the generals patterns of the applied context of said terminology in regulatory legal acts of various sectoral affiliation. It was concluded that there is no synonymous properties and the difference in the context of the contents of the second half of the XIX century the terms “Russia” and “Russian Empire”, which are used by the domestic legislator, which is used depending on the type and subject of regulated public relations.

On specific of double degree undergraduate programmes at the russian state university of tourism and service

10.12737/5556 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 94-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ирина Суслова ◽  
Irina Suslova ◽  
Наталья Смит ◽  
Natalya Smit
Keyword(s):  
International Business ◽  
Business School ◽  
State University ◽  
Business Studies ◽  
Core Curricula ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Elective Courses ◽  
Double Degree ◽  
Undergraduate Programme ◽  
The Difference

Globalization, which is one of the major lines of development in the sphere of education, requires that a common education space be created and different systems of education be made compatible. Russian HE institutions improve academic mobility through developing double degree programmes in partnership with non-Russian HE institutions, which brings to the fore such issues as a joint curriculum development, and alignment of core curricula of partner-HE-institutions though content cross-pollination. The article deals with the approaches to double degree undergraduate programme as developed by the Russian State University of Tourism and Service (Moscow) for the Bachelor in Management programme and the International Business School (Budapest) for the BA in Business Studies. In the article, the authors identify the key components of the double degree programme as jointly developed by the Russian State University of Tourism and Service and the International Business School: the specifics of the curricula and syllabi of the two institutions, the procedure of credit transfer, the content of the teaching materials of the disciplines involved, formative, summative, and final academic assessments. The authors emphasize the difference in the workload of the disciplines on the curricula, and conclude that the curriculum currently employed by the International Business School is more application-driven, while that employed by the Russian State University of Tourism and Service is more theory-driven. The authors also identify discrepancies in the number of elective courses, with the Russian State University of Tourism and Service offering 14 elective courses in 2011, which is 9 courses more than in 2010 and 4 courses more than offered by the International Business School.

scholarly journals The Difference Place Makes: Regional Legislative Approaches to Territories of Traditional Nature Use in the Russian North

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (0) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Gail Fondahl ◽  
Nicholas Parlato ◽  
Viktoriya Filipoova ◽  
Antonina Savvinova
Keyword(s):  
Complex Structure ◽  
Indigenous Rights ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Russian North ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Federal Laws ◽  
Territorial Rights ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Legal Strategies

Indigenous northerners’ rights in the Russian Federation are legally protected at a range of levels (federal, regional, municipal), and by a diversity of types of legal acts (laws, decrees, orders, provisions). Within the complex structure of Russian federalism, the country’s regional governments elaborate upon federal laws in diverse ways and at different times. This article explores regional approaches to legislating one law on Indigenous rights, that of “Territory of Traditional Nature-Use” (territoriya traditsionnogo prirodopol’zovaniya) (TTP), identified by Indigenous leaders as the most important legal-territorial designation for protecting Indigenous livelihoods and cultures. While it is well known that legal strategies of the Russian state toward Indigenous territorial rights differ markedly from those of other Circumpolar countries, less appreciated are the ways in which these vary across space within Russia. We assert that the spatial informs the legal, documenting several illustrative approaches that regions have taken in legislating TTPs. In doing so, we demonstrate how a federal law initiative is interpreted and reimagined in place, giving rise to the potential for substantively different spatial outcomes for Indigenous persons and peoples seeking to actualize their rights to territory.

Precious Arks of the 18th century Russian State Seals: the evolution of the iconography and manufacturing technology

2021 ◽  
pp. 237-254
Author(s):  
Maria Proskuryakova ◽  
◽  
Ekaterina Nosova ◽  
Dmitrii Veber ◽  
Anastasia Loboda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Composition ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Historical Documents ◽  
Wear Analysis ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Small Complex ◽  
Metal Composition ◽  
Technological Tradition ◽  
Technological Methods

The article presents the results of the trace-wear analysis and elemental composition of the arks of the pendant seals of 1700—1801 from the charters of Russian Emperors Peter the Greate, Catherine I, Peter II, Anna Ioannovna, Elizabeth Petrovna, Catherine the Greate and Paul I. The objects were studied in terms of their iconography, technological features, and metal composition. Comparison with historical documents shows that in the manufacture of all the arks the masters followed the iconography, regulated by decrees, and in general the artifacts reflect heraldic innovations of different periods. The peculiarities of the technological methods of the master jewelers of different periods, used in the production of these status items, have been identified. The evolution of the technology of making Russian seal arks has been revealed. The earliest ark (1700) was identified as belonging to the European technological tradition. The other arks belong to a different technological tradition, inclined to a more decorative depiction and the use of small complex embossings. Two of the arks show signs of later surface plating with electroplated gilding.

scholarly journals POSTMODERN TENDENCIES IN UKRAINIAN BALLET IN SOVIET TIMES IN THE 60S-80S OF THE 20TH CENTURY

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larysa Markevych ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Creative Process ◽  
Language Evolution ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Creative Activity ◽  
Historical Retrospect ◽  
The Difference

The article deals with the artistic language evolution in the Ukrainian national ballet performance in terms of the creative process and the gained image-result – the author’s and the performer’s reflection (certain specifics of thinking), directly creative action, the form of existence of a choreographic work. The well-known choreographers-directors’ creative activity of Ukrainian performances of the above period has been analyzed, the peculiarities of the work of each of them have been revealed. Emphasis is focuses on expanding the thematic range of ballet works in the practice of the national stage. The specifics of the work of Ukrainian composers in the field of the national ballet genre have been identified; the evolution of the artistic language in ballet in historical retrospect has been defined. It has been emphasized that an important aspect for the choreographic language formation of the Ukrainian national ballet performance was the embodiment of the historical and the heroic themes. The canonical feature of the stylistic certainty of the Ukrainian national ballet performance is the combination of the heroic motives and the lyrical-romantic perspective of the image of opposing forces. Having analyzed significant historiographical material, it has been proved the difference between the national ballet performance of the 60s and 80s of the twentieth century from the similar productions in other republics. Based on a comprehensive analysis of a number of ballet performances of the 60-80s of the twentieth century, the following functions of the artistic language in the structure of this genre have been identified: expressive, emotional, figurative, symbolic, and thematic contrast. It is the transformation of the functions of the artistic language that leads to changes in the genre and the style format of a ballet performance.

Legal Regulation of the Aviation Business in Russia: Finding a Balance between Ensuring Transport Security and Air Transportation Efficiency

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.V. Minnikes ◽  
◽  
M.D. Esitashvili ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Air Transportation ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Air Transport ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Historical Retrospect ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Cost

The article discusses the trends in the development of legislation regulating the aviation business in the Russian Federation, in particular, theoretical and practical issues related to the efficiency and safety of air transportation, as well as the search for a balance between them. The article reveals the history of forming the concepts «transport security» and «aviation security» in the Soviet and modern Russian legislation. In order to clarify the Russian state authorities` powers distribution in the field of transport security and their consolidation in the current legislation, the authors investigate the features of the powers of these bodies in the historical retrospect from the beginning of the XIX century. The authors critically analyze the implementation of the certain provisions of the Government of the Russian Federation «On the approval of requirements for ensuring transport security, taking into account the safety levels for air transport vehicles», the implementation of which causes significant problems for air transport operators. It is established that the implementation of these provisions is difficult: it will significantly aggravate the existing economic situation of aircraft operators, and in combination with the general negative trends in the world can lead to a possible mass bankruptcy of domestic small and medium-sized airlines. The authors suggest ways to solve the identified problems. In particular, a possible solution in finding a balance between transport safety and the cost-effectiveness of air transportation may be a «transition period», during which the expansion of the requirements under study will affect only new aircraft.

Relative Proportion of Ethical Teaching versus Historical Events concerning Jesus in Early Islamic and Christian Historical Documents

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 894-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter R. Schumm
Keyword(s):  
New Testament ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Historical Documents ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Ethical Teaching ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Early Islamic

The relative proportion of reports of events in the life of Jesus versus reports of his teachings are compared across the Qur'an and a sample of the New Testament (Luke 2–21). A much larger number of teachings (74) appear to be mentioned in the New Testament; at the same time, there are more teachings than events (52) reported, while the opposite is true (15 events, 3 teachings) in the Qur'an. The difference is significant statistically ( p < .002). More research is needed to assess the sources of such differences.

scholarly journals Analysis of the reflection of the most important events of the XVI–XIX centuries in the names of rural of the Ruza district of the Moscow province, used in the documents and applied to cartographic materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-460
Author(s):  
Anton Krassowski
Keyword(s):  
Russian Empire ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Historical Documents ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Tabular Form ◽  
Moscow Province ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Source Of Information

This article presents the results of the analysis of the formed set of information about the rural located on the territory of the Ruza district of the Moscow province in the XVI–XIX centuries. The source of information was historical documents and materials summarising them of the Russian state and the Russian empire of the XVI–XIX centuries and cartographic materials of the XVIII–XIX centuries, containing information about rural and settlements that became rural later, as well as information about the owners of settlements and their families in the XVI–XVIII centuries. The search was performed taking into account changes in the administrative- and church-territorial divisions of the territory of the county and taking into account changes in the types and names of settlements during the considered period of time. The systematisation of the received information and its presentation in tabular form were performed in order to ensure the convenience of performing further work with their use. The assessment of the adequacy of the reflection of the events of the social and political life of the XVI–XIX centuries formed by the totality of information about the rural of the Ruza district is made. The dependence of the predominance of a number of methods of formation of the corresponding toponyms on the era of their mention in documents and the creation of cartographic materials is revealed. The coincidence of the results obtained as a result of this study with the results obtained by recognised experts who worked in this field, allowed us to conclude that it is possible to use the formed set of information to study the reflection of the life of Russian society in documents and cartographic materials of the XVI–XIX centuries on the example of the Ruzsky district of the Moscow province.

The Origin of the Moon

1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 149-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. L. Ruskol
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Solar System ◽  
The Moon ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Origin Of The Moon

The difference between average densities of the Moon and Earth was interpreted in the preceding report by Professor H. Urey as indicating a difference in their chemical composition. Therefore, Urey assumes the Moon's formation to have taken place far away from the Earth, under conditions differing substantially from the conditions of Earth's formation. In such a case, the Earth should have captured the Moon. As is admitted by Professor Urey himself, such a capture is a very improbable event. In addition, an assumption that the “lunar” dimensions were representative of protoplanetary bodies in the entire solar system encounters great difficulties.

Influence of Cell Wall Composition on the Fossilisation of Bacteria and the Implications for the Search for Early Life Forms

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 491-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances Westall
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Cation Binding ◽  
Positive Bacterium ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Hydrothermal Sediments ◽  
Identification Of Bacteria ◽  
The Difference

AbstractThe oldest cell-like structures on Earth are preserved in silicified lagoonal, shallow sea or hydrothermal sediments, such as some Archean formations in Western Australia and South Africa. Previous studies concentrated on the search for organic fossils in Archean rocks. Observations of silicified bacteria (as silica minerals) are scarce for both the Precambrian and the Phanerozoic, but reports of mineral bacteria finds, in general, are increasing. The problems associated with the identification of authentic fossil bacteria and, if possible, closer identification of bacteria type can, in part, be overcome by experimental fossilisation studies. These have shown that not all bacteria fossilise in the same way and, indeed, some seem to be very resistent to fossilisation. This paper deals with a transmission electron microscope investigation of the silicification of four species of bacteria commonly found in the environment. The Gram positiveBacillus laterosporusand its spore produced a robust, durable crust upon silicification, whereas the Gram negativePseudomonas fluorescens, Ps. vesicularis, andPs. acidovoranspresented delicately preserved walls. The greater amount of peptidoglycan, containing abundant metal cation binding sites, in the cell wall of the Gram positive bacterium, probably accounts for the difference in the mode of fossilisation. The Gram positive bacteria are, therefore, probably most likely to be preserved in the terrestrial and extraterrestrial rock record.

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