Ukrainization: the emergence and dissemination of the concept (first quarter of the twentieth century)

2020 ◽  
pp. 228-248
Author(s):  
Elena Yu. Borisyonok ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Broad Sense ◽  
National Consciousness ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Cultural Space ◽  
Emotional Perception ◽  
National Movement ◽  
The People

The article analyzes the origin of the concept “Ukrainization” and the interpretation of the word in the socio-political lexicon of the first quarter of the 20th century. Attention is paid to the assessment of the Ukrainization by supporters and opponents of the Ukrainian national movement. The leaders of the Ukrainian movement actively talked about the Ukrainization in the early twentieth century. They insisted on creating conditions for the realization of the rights of the Ukrainian nation to independent development. The concept has been repeatedly used by M. Hrushevsky and Ye. Chykalenko. With the beginning of the revolution in Russia, the need for the Ukrainization was constantly discussed in the Ukrainian Central Rada. The concept was used both in a narrow sense (the Ukrainization of the school, the Ukrainization of local governments, etc.) and in a broad sense (the Ukrainization of all life). The concept of “Ukrainization” was associated with the idea of the policy of building a national Ukrainian state and the process of development of national consciousness. Opponents of the Ukrainian movement insisted on the artificiality of the process of the Ukrainization. For example, S. N. Shchegolev considered it “an experiment on the people”. The emotional perception of the Ukrainization was associated with the attitude to the “Ukrainian question” and the way it was resolved, but not with its meaning. For the supporters of the Ukrainian project, the Ukrainization was a method of achieving the goals of the national movement. The Ukrainization was a policy aimed at establishing the Ukrainian character of the socio-cultural space of a certain territory.

scholarly journals Perpetuation of Taras Shevchenko's memory in the Ukrainian national movement of the Dnieper region at the beginning of the XX century

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 71-79
Author(s):  
Serhii Svitlenko
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
The Political ◽  
National Consciousness ◽  
40Th Anniversary ◽  
Illegal Activity ◽  
Historical Material ◽  
National Movement ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
The Press

The relevance of this topic is seen in the fact that its study provides an opportunity to deepen the understanding of the underdeveloped problem of perpetuating the historical memory of Taras Shevchenko – a symbol of the Ukrainian nation's struggle for social and national freedom as an important factor in opposing the imperial regime. Tsarism by methods of ideological, gendarmerie-police, censorship pressure in every way prevented the activation of conscious Ukrainians in the early twentieth century. The aim of the study is to study the perpetuation of the memory of Taras Shevchenko in the Ukrainian national movement of the Dnieper region in the early twentieth century. The results of the article are that based on the study of archival and published documents, journalistic materials of the press and memoirs, various methods of legal and illegal activity of the Ukrainian national movement in preserving the historical memory of Taras Shevchenko were reconstructed. It is emphasized that the progressive public widely celebrated the 40th anniversary of Kobzar's death in the press. In the early twentieth century Ukrainian activists raised the issue of erecting a monument to Shevchenko, continued the tradition of visiting the tomb of the Ukrainian poet, tried to perpetuate his memory in toponymy, participated in Shevchenko's memorial services, resorted to illegal gatherings in honor of Kobzar, mentioned him during meetings and communication in among the intelligentsia. The originality and scientific novelty of the article in the production and development of insufficiently researched plot on historical Shevchenko studies, actualization and conceptualization of various concrete-historical material. Conclusions were made on various forms and methods of struggle to preserve the memory of Taras Shevchenko, which contributed to the establishment of national consciousness among Ukrainians, strengthened the political tendency in the Ukrainian national movement.

scholarly journals NATIONALISM IN VIETNAM AND KOREAN LITERATURE IN THE LATE 19TH AND EARLY 20TH CENTURIES: CASES OF PHAN BOI CHAU AND SHIN CHAE-HO

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tran Tung Ngoc ◽  
Nguyen Le Thu
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
National Consciousness ◽  
Korean Literature ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
History Of Literature

East Asian literature in the early twentieth century witnessed the emergence of many great authors who gathered all personality of a patriot - writer - historian - revolutionary activist. They emphasized literature does not serve artistic purposes, but social purposes, which touch the heart. Literature at this time conveyed the stream of national consciousness, nationalism, independence and freedom to all of the people and promoted their patriotism and the spirit of fighting for the nation and the people. This paper focuses on analyzing the nationalist ideology in the works of Phan Boi Chau and Shin Chae-ho in the history of literature of Vietnam and Korea in the early twentieth century. Thereby, the research provides an overview of the common characteristics of the nationalist literature in East Asia. In the research content, this paper recognizes the nationalist ideology of Korean and Vietnamese intellectuals in the transformation of the historical, political and social situation in the early twentieth century. On that basis, this paper identifies the characteristics of nationalism in Shin Chae-ho’s and Phan Boi Chau's works.

scholarly journals Włodzimierz Dworzaczek – wydawca, redaktor, publicysta (1905-1918)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-103
Author(s):  
Dariusz Tarasiuk
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
National Consciousness ◽  
The People ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Press Unit

The aim of the article is to present the publishing, editorial and journalistic activity of Włodzimierz Dworzaczek, who initiated the development of the Polish press in Minsk at the beginning of the 20th century, which according to him was a source of promoting the Polish national consciousness of the people. The analysis of archival documents, as well as publications by Dworzaczek (mainly “Nad Świsłoczą” and “Pogoń”) allows us to state that Dworzaczek was a person consistently striving to create a local press unit in Minsk. Despite the failure of subsequent initiatives, he made further attempts. An objective assessment of the achievements of the editor of “Nad Świsłoczą” allows us to state that Dworzaczek was unable to create a self-sufficient magazine in Minsk, which was the result not only of the lack of wider interest of potential readers in the local press, but also, as we can guess, the uncompromising nature of the initiator himself.

scholarly journals Certain Questions of the Criminological Concept of the Definition of «Victim of a Crime»

2020 ◽  
pp. 175-183
Author(s):  
Dmytro VYHOVSKYI ◽  
Tetiana NIKIFOROVA
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Crime Victim ◽  
New Science ◽  
The World ◽  
Special Value ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Criminological Analysis

The article gives an analysis of the views of works of the Ukrainian and foreign scientists in the field of some victimological theories, in particular — definition «victim of a crime». Attention applies on the special value of provocative behavior of the victim in a case of commission of some crimes. Attention is drawn to the fact that provocative behavior is not only important for conducting a criminological analysis of a crime victim, but for qualification of some crimes too (for example — articles no. 118 and no. 124 of the criminal code of Ukraine). To achieve the objectives of the article, studies of criminologists were analyzed. Researches of scientists, who considered the problem of defining a «victim of crime» in terms of psychology, sociology, etc. were also analyzed. It has been concluded that criminological victimology (as an integral part of criminology) is a relatively new science. This situation is explained by the lack of interest of researchers in concepts of «victim mentality», «victimisation», «victim of a crime» till to the late 1940s 20th century. The conclusion was made about regularities between humanistic trends in the world and formation of the concept of "victim of crime" in the middle of the twentieth century. The conclusions are based on the study of the importance of victimological teaching in modern criminology science. Most of them are used by modern criminology scientists’ definitions of «victim of a crime». Attention is drawn to the ambiguity of understanding definition «victim of a crime». This is because some scientists suggest identifying «victim of a crime» with a «person, who suffered from the crime». In our opinion, his understanding is wrong. Also it is specified, that «victim of a crime» can be used in a narrow sense (as the person who is directly caused moral, physical or property damage) and in a broad sense (representative of a certain nation, race, religious trend, social group, concerning which a crime directly was not committed, but who cannot feel safe because of spread of these crimes). Keywords: victim mentality, victimisation, victim of a crime, victimological theories.

Main Forms of Propagandistic Activities of the Right-Wing Parties (1904–1914)

2020 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 656-676
Author(s):  
Igor V. Omeliyanchuk
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Periodical Press ◽  
Political Movement ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Right ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article examines the main forms and methods of agitation and propagandistic activities of monarchic parties in Russia in the beginning of the 20th century. Among them the author singles out such ones as periodical press, publication of books, brochures and flyers, organization of manifestations, religious processions, public prayers and funeral services, sending deputations to the monarch, organization of public lectures and readings for the people, as well as various philanthropic events. Using various forms of propagandistic activities the monarchists aspired to embrace all social groups and classes of the population in order to organize all-class and all-estate political movement in support of the autocracy. While they gained certain success in promoting their ideology, the Rights, nevertheless, lost to their adversaries from the radical opposition camp, as the monarchists constrained by their conservative ideology, could not promise immediate social and political changes to the population, and that fact was excessively used by their opponents. Moreover, the ideological paradigm of the Right camp expressed in the “Orthodoxy, Autocracy, Nationality” formula no longer agreed with the social and economic realities of Russia due to modernization processes that were underway in the country from the middle of the 19th century.

‘A Russian revolt, senseless and merciless...’: The 100th anniversary of 1917 revolution in Russia

2018 ◽  
pp. 169-180
Author(s):  
Nikolai A. Zhirov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
100Th Anniversary ◽  
Scientific Conference ◽  
Social Conflicts ◽  
State University ◽  
Russian Scientific ◽  
The People ◽  
Source Studies ◽  
Preceding Period

On September, 21-23, the I.A. Bunin Yelets State University, supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFFI), held an All-Russian scientific conference ‘In the time of change: Revolt, insurrection, and revolution in the Russian periphery in the 17th – early 20th centuries’. Scientists from various Russian regions participated in its work. The conference organizers focused on social conflicts in the Russian periphery. The first series of reports addressed the Age of Rebellions in the Russian history. They considered the role and the place of the service class people in anti-government revolts. Some scientists stressed the effect of official state policy on the revolutionary mood of the people. Some reports paid attention to jurisdictions and activities of the general police in the 19th – early 20th century and those of the Provisional Government militia. Other reports analyzed the participation of persons of non-peasant origin in the revolutionary events. They studied the effect of the revolutionary events on the mood and behavior of local people and the ways of solving conflicts between the authorities and the society. Most numerous series of reports were devoted to social conflicts in the Russian village at the turn of the 20th century, studied forms and ways of peasants' struggle against the extortionate cost of the emancipation, and offered a periodization of peasants' uprisings. The researchers stressed that peasants remained politically unmotivated; analysis of their relations with authorities shows that they were predominantly conservative and not prone to incitement to against monarchy. Some questions of source studies and methodology of studying the revolution and the preceding period were raised. Most researches used interdisciplinary methods, popular in modern humanities and historical science.

JUSTICE AND SOCIAL CHANGE FOR INCLUSIVE EDUCATION IN INDONESIA AND ASEAN FOR DISABLED PERSONS (STUDY ON PEOPLE AFFECTED BY LEPROSY)

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Nuah Perdamenta Tarigan ◽  
Christian Siregar ◽  
Simon Mangatur Tampubolon
Keyword(s):  
Inclusive Education ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Disabled Persons ◽  
Equal Rights ◽  
Central Java ◽  
The People ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Right

Justice that has not existed and is apparent among the disabilities in Indonesia is very large and spread in the archipelago is very large, making the issue of equality is a very important thing especially with the publication of the Disability Act No. 8 of 2016 at the beginning of that year. Only a few provinces that understand properly and well on open and potential issues and issues will affect other areas including the increasingly growing number of elderly people in Indonesia due to the increasing welfare of the people. The government of DKI Jakarta, including the most concerned with disability, from the beginning has set a bold step to defend things related to disability, including local governments in Solo, Bali, Makassar and several other areas. Leprosy belonging to the disability community has a very tough marginalization, the disability that arises from leprosy quite a lot, reaches ten percent more and covers the poor areas of Indonesia, such as Nusa Tenggara Timur, Papua, South Sulawesi Provinces and even East Java and West Java and Central Java Provinces. If we compare again with the ASEAN countries we also do not miss the moment in ratifying the CRPD (Convention of Rights for People with Disability) into the Law of Disability No. 8 of 2016 which, although already published but still get rejections in some sections because do not provide proper empowerment and rights equality. The struggle is long and must be continued to build equal rights in all areas, not only health and welfare but also in the right of the right to receive continuous inclusive education.

Local governance and the crisis of water and sanitation provision in medium-sized urban centres: Evidence from three cities in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 026909422110353
Author(s):  
Kayode J Samuel ◽  
Samuel B Agbola ◽  
Olorunfemi A Olojede
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Water And Sanitation ◽  
Regulatory Frameworks ◽  
The People ◽  
Efficient Delivery ◽  
Essential Services ◽  
Effective Delivery ◽  
Basic Services

Local governance encompasses the involvement of local governments and other community-based organizations in participatory decision-making for efficient delivery of public services. In the developing world, however, the weakness of the local government and local governance has inhibited the efficient and effective delivery of these services. Relying on water and sanitation data and interviews of relevant officials, this study analyses the structure of governance of water supply and sanitation (WSS) at the community levels in selected medium-sized urban centres in Nigeria. Results showed that majority of the city dwellers lacked access to safe water and sanitation, an indication of convoluted, poorly regulated provision regimes and the waning capacity of local governments to galvanize local actions towards the efficient provision and management of these services at community levels. Multiple provision regimes, weak coordinating and regulatory frameworks characterize WSS governance. Further, the sub-national authorities’ encroachment on local government funds which deprived these tiers of government the resources they could have used in providing these essential services presents a major setback. Local governments require financial and constitutional autonomy to provide basic services to the people and supervise and coordinate the activities of other governmental and non-governmental actors involved in service provision.

Hotelkeepers Organize in Twentieth Century to Legitimize and Advance Profession in American Society

2021 ◽  
pp. 109634802110109
Author(s):  
Stephen B. Shiring ◽  
Elizabeth J. Shiring
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Simple Structure ◽  
American Society

Evolving from the simple structure of a colonial inn to a grandiose city hotel by the 20th century, the innkeeper likewise professionally transformed into a hotel keeper. Assisting in this growth was the emerging hotel associations. Hotel associations provided collective member strength on issues, offered fellowship, and legitimized and professionalized their positions in American society.

Institutionalization and Evangelization in the Argentine Church: Córdoba Under Zenón Bustos, 1905-1919

1989 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-381
Author(s):  
Arthur R. Liebscher
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Pastoral Care ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Central City ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
The People ◽  
National Leadership ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Church

To the dismay of today's social progressives, the Argentine Catholic church addresses the moral situation of its people but also shies away from specific political positions or other hint of secular involvement. At the beginning of the twentieth century, the church set out to secure its place in national leadership by strengthening religious institutions and withdrawing clergy from politics. The church struggled to overcome a heritage of organizational weakness in order to promote evangelization, that is, to extend its spiritual influence within Argentina. The bishop of the central city of Córdoba, Franciscan Friar Zenón Bustos y Ferreyra (1905-1925), reinforced pastoral care, catechesis, and education. After 1912, as politics became more heated, Bustos insisted that priests abstain from partisan activities and dedicate themselves to ministry. The church casts itself in the role of national guardian, not of the government, but of the faith and morals of the people.

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