scholarly journals Childcare in transition: evidence that patterns of childcare differ by degree of market integration in north-western Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anushé Hassan ◽  
David Lawson ◽  
Susan Barris Schaffnit ◽  
Mark Urassa ◽  
Rebecca Sear
Keyword(s):  
Market Integration ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Allomaternal Care ◽  
Mixed Support ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Town ◽  
North Western ◽  
Children Under 5

Women around the world receive help with childrearing, much of which would have come from kin throughout most of human history. Market integration leads to less kin-dense social networks which may transform patterns of allomaternal care. Yet, few empirical studies have quantified the role of market integration in childcare patterns. We test the hypothesis that higher levels of market integration will be associated with (i) lower probability of receiving allomaternal support from kin; and (ii) higher probability of receiving support from non-kin. Using a survey of 808 children under 5 years from Mwanza, Tanzania, we test for differences in childcare arrangements between a less market integrated village and more market integrated town. We consider two types of allomaternal care, low-intensity and high-intensity, from seven sources: fathers, siblings, maternal grandparents, paternal grandparents, maternal aunts and uncles, paternal aunts and uncles and distant/non-kin. In the town, fathers, siblings, and paternal kin had lower odds and distant/non-kin had higher odds of providing care than in the village. Care from maternal kin was not associated with village/town residence. Market integration may disrupt paternal kin-orientated childcare arrangements, but not care from maternal kin, who may overcome greater physical distances to maintain contact. Distant/non-kin appear to substitute for the reduced support from kin in the town. We contribute data on an often assumed, but rarely tested, hypothesis: that market integration is associated with lower likelihood of help from kin, finding mixed support for this hypothesis.

Training of Village Teachers in Vilna Educational District in the 1860s and 1870s

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 181-192
Author(s):  
Anna A. Komzolova
Keyword(s):  
Educational Reform ◽  
Rural Teachers ◽  
Cultural Brokers ◽  
The North ◽  
Central Russia ◽  
Russian Intelligentsia ◽  
Trained Teachers ◽  
The Village ◽  
North Western

One of the results of the educational reform of the 1860s was the formation of the regular personnel of village teachers. In Vilna educational district the goal was not to invite teachers from central Russia, but to train them on the spot by establishing special seminaries. Trained teachers were supposed to perform the role of «cultural brokers» – the intermediaries between local peasants and the outside world, between the culture of Russian intelligentsia and the culture of the Belarusian people. The article examines how officials and teachers of Vilna educational district saw the role of rural teachers as «cultural brokers» in the context of the linguistic and cultural diversity of the North-Western Provinces. According to them, the graduates of the pedagogical seminaries had to remain within the peasant estate and to keep in touch with their folk «roots». The special «mission» of the village teachers was in promoting the ideas of «Russian elements» and historical proximity to Russia among Belarusian peasants.

Calendar bypass rites of Burgenland’s Croats in Hungary: history and reproduction

2020 ◽  
Vol 2019 (2 (11)) ◽  
pp. 250-267
Author(s):  
Anna A. Plotnikova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Foreign Culture ◽  
Biblical History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Other World ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Town

The article deals with the calendar bypass rites of the Burgenland Croats of South-Western Hungary in the vicinity of the town of Szombathei and is based on ethnolinguistic field studies conducted in 2019. Special attention is paid to the processes of the interaction between and mutual influence of the coexisting Croatian and Hungarian languages, folklore, and ethnographic traditions. The role of the folk language used is shown, which is in some cases reproduced when recreating the ritual Christmas circumambulation. The researcher focuses on the history of the revival of the “shepherds” Christmas rite in the village of Narda and its surrounding villages - Felsőcsatár and Horvátlővő. Reconstruction of the elements of the Christmas “shepherds” showed that the persons taking part in the ritual who visit the houses in the village as “shepherds” act as “wonderful guests”. They are connecting the spheres of both “their own” and “alien” worlds, and become the object of sacralisation as representatives of some other world, who bring prosperity, success, and good luck to the owners of the house. At present, this archaic aspect of the circumambulation (which is reflected in the attributes of the maskers and the motifs of their songs) is preserved as a symbol, sign, or characteristic feature of the winter rite itself (the shepherd’s performance). The masks representing the characters of biblical history are characteristic (shepherds, angels), which fits into the broader context of the later Slavic tradition. The example of the Christmas rite of “shepherds” shows the linguistic and folklore polyglossia that is typical for this region, where Burgenland’s Croats live in a foreign-language and foreign-culture environment.

scholarly journals BUDAYA PERILAKU BERSIH DI DESA PENGLIPURAN BALI

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Faturrahman FH
Keyword(s):  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Role Model ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Community Life ◽  
Sociological Approach ◽  
Cultural Approach ◽  
Local Actors ◽  
Local Traditions ◽  
The Village

This paper outlines a role model for cleanliness preservation in community life in the Penglipuran village of Bali. Using a cultural approach, the Penglipuran village can raise the awareness of its citizens to participate in creating clean behavior. Along with the emergence of awareness of citizen participation, in the village of Penglipuran there are also local traditions that help guard the creation of clean behavior among its citizens. The existence of Penglipuran village which in 2018 has been named the third cleanest village in the world by bombastic magazine, is certainly interesting to study. To explore further roles of the Penglipuran village in preserving clean behavior, this research focuses on several questions: What is the cultural portrait of the Penglipuran community so that it is conducive to civilizing clean behavior? How do people participate in preserving cleanliness in the Penglipuran environment? What is the role of local actors in instilling a culture of clean behavior for their citizens? These three questions are analyzed with a sociological approach. As for the technique to obtain the data, this study uses empirical studies by observing and meeting several key informants and important informants to be interviewed. Tulisan ini menguraikan sebuah role model pelestarian kebersihan dalam kehidupan masyarakat yang ada di desa Penglipuran Bali. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan budaya, desa Penglipuran bisa membangkitkan kesadaran warganya untuk berpartisipasi dalam menciptakan perilaku bersih. Beririsan dengan munculnya kesadaran partisipasi warga, di desa Penglipuran juga terdapat tradisi lokal yang turut mengawal terciptanya perilaku bersih di kalangan warganya. Keberadaan desa Penglipuran yang pada tahun 2018 dinobatkan sebagai desa paling bersih ketiga di dunia oleh Bombastic Magazine, tentu menarik untuk diteliti. Untuk menelusuri lebih jauh bagaimana peran desa Penglipuran dalam melestarikan perilaku bersih, penelitian ini fokus pada beberapa pertanyaan: apa potret kultural masyarakat Penglipuran sehingga kondusif dalam membudayakan perilaku bersih? Bagaimana partisipasi warga dalam melestarikan kebersihan di lingkungan Penglipuran? Bagaimana peran aktor lokal dalam menanamkan budaya perilaku bersih bagi warganya? Ketiga pertanyaan ini dianalisis dengan pendekatan sosiologis. Adapun teknik untuk memperoleh datanya, penelitian ini menggunakan studi empiris dengan cara mengobservasi dan menemui beberapa informan kunci dan informan penting untuk diwawancarai. 

I.—On some Buildings of the Romano-British Period discovered at Clanville, near Andover, and on a deposit of Pewter Vessels of the same period found at Appleshaw, Hants. With Appendixes

Archaeologia ◽  
1898 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. Engleheart ◽  
Charles H. Read ◽  
William Gowland
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
North West ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
The North ◽  
Western Border ◽  
The One ◽  
Point Of Intersection ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Town ◽  
North Western

In the immediate neighbourhood of my house in the village of Appleshaw, on the north-western border of Hampshire, the sites are unusually close together of those dwellings of the Romano-British period which are, with a certain vagueness, termed Roman villas. Appleshaw is distant five miles north-west from Andover; one mile north of Andover two Roman roads intersect, the one running from Old Sarum north-easterly to Silchester, the other from Winchester north-westerly to Cirencester. At Finkley, close to the point of intersection, pottery and other Roman material has from time to time been unearthed, and the locality is one of those which have, by a somewhat unconvincing reference to the Antonine itinerary and to etymology, been identified with the unascertained site of Vindomis. Imagine these two roads at their crossing to stand like an upright capital X over the town of Andover, with that town in the lowest angle; my own nearer neighbourhood will lie in the western or left-hand angle. Three-quarters of a mile east of my house is the lately-examined site upon which I have to report particularly this evening. One mile north and a little west (all the distances mentioned are measured in radius from my house) is a villa on the Redenham estate, excavated some fifty years back by Sir John Pollen, the landowner. It appears that no plans were made and no record kept.

The Emergence of ‘Estate Culture’ in 18th Century Russia in the Works of F.M. Dostoyevsky and Other Writers

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-36
Author(s):  
Olga A. Bogdanova
Keyword(s):  
Creative Writing ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Russian History ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Town

Traditionally considered a specifically urban writer, F.M. Dostoevsky has actually devoted many pages of his works (Poor Folk, The Village of Stepanchikovo, Demons, The Raw Youth [Adolescent], Diary of a Writer) to the representation of a noble estate and to the understanding of its role in Russian history and culture. In his creative writing, the autobiographical experience of the writer, who spent his childhood at the Darovoye family estate near the town of Zaraisk in the province of Ryazan, has also been reflected. This paper explores the role of “estate culture” in the writings of Dostoevsky and other writers (A.S. Pushkin, L. Tolstoy, I. Bunin, A. Chekhov and I. Kireyevsky) and their representation of the nobility (dvorianstvo).

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF MODERN TRENDS OF OVERCOMING MANAGERIAL STEREOTYPES

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. N. Andropova
Keyword(s):  
Women Leaders ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Female Leadership ◽  
Numerical Representation ◽  
Leadership Qualities ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Mixed Support ◽  
Male Leader

The preferences of employees of organizations in male and female leadership qualities, as well as in the choice between a male leader and a female leader have been studied. More specifically, three factors have been considered, which can influence on these preferences: gender of the employee, gender of the manager, and the ratio of men to women in the organization. In the process of research, the theory of congruency has been studied, which claims that there is a mismatch between the female gender role and the role of manager. The concept of tokenism has been analysed. Empirical studies show mixed support for the concept of tokenism. Indeed, there are studies confirming that numerical representation negatively correlates with discrimination. Using the theory of social roles, it has been concluded that women leaders suffer from shortcomings based on prejudices related to gender and managerial stereotypes. As a result of the study, the author comes to the conclusion that increasing the proportion of women leaders is an effective way to overcome managerial stereotypes.

scholarly journals «ПРОСВІТА» УМАНЩИНИ ЗА ЧАСІВ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОЇ РАДИ

2021 ◽  
pp. 177-188
Author(s):  
Олена Дудник
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Activity ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Central Council ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Town ◽  
Cultural Movement

Ключові слова: «Просвіта», Уманський повіт, Київська губернія, культурно-освітня політика, Центральна Рада. Анотація Події Української революції 1917-1921 рр. сприяли заснуванню просвітницьких організацій, які своїм основним завданням вбачали надання різної допомоги населенню на ниві культурно-освітніх справ. У статті досліджується процес утворення товариств «Просвіта» в Уманському повіті Київської губернії. З огляду на вагомість реалізованих проектів в статті увага присвячена добі Центральної Ради. Базуючись на архівних документах та матеріалах періодики, з’ясовано, що організаційні заходи з відродження просвітницького руху в Київській губернії були започатковані відразу після зміни політичного режиму. Головну увагу «Просвіти» краю приділяли праці в українських селах. У публікації встановлено, що просвітницькі організації в повіті почали виникати завдяки народній ініціативі, передусім проявам організаційних зусиль національно налаштованої місцевої інтелігенції та сільської молоді. Встановлено, що у більшості сіл Уманського повіту «Просвіти» виступали єдиними структурами, які проводили активну роботу серед населення, їх діяльність фокусувалася у культурницькій і освітній площині. Одним із головних завдань, що стояли перед просвітянами, було відкриття власних книгозбірень або бібліотек-читалень, придбання літератури і періодичних видань, організація курсів українознавства, поширення освітніх знань серед населення тобто все те, що могло сприяти пробудженню національної свідомості українців краю та їх об’єднанню. Фінансова допомога просвітянам краю надавалася органами місцевої влади, самоврядувань, окремими громадянами. Посилання 29 chervnia v m. Talnomu, 1917 – 29 chervnia v m. Talnomu…1917 [June 29 in Talne …1917]. «Prosvita». Nova Rada. (Kyiv). 2 lypnia. [in Ukrainian]. Adamskyi, 2018 – Adamskyi V. R. «Prosvity» Podillia v dobu Ukrainskoi Tsentralnoi Rady (berezen 1917 – kviten 1918 rr.) [«Enlightenment» Podillya in the days of the Ukrainian Central Council (March 1917 - April 1918)] : Doslidzhennia. Dokumenty. Materialy. Khmelnytskyi: FOP Tsiupak A. A., 2018. 478 s. [in Ukrainian]. V Shukaivodi, 1917 – V Shukaivodi… 1917 [In Shukaivoda … 1917] – «Prosvita». Nova Rada. (Kyiv).28 kvitnia. [in Ukrainian]. Verstyuk,  ta in., 2004 – Verstiuk V., Horobets V., Tolochko O. Ukraina i Rosiia v istorychnii retrospektyvi. Ukrainski proekty v Rosiiskii imperii [Ukraine and Russia in historical retrospective review. The Ukrainian projects in the Russian empire]. K., 2004. 504 s. [in Ukrainian]. Vynnychenko, 2007 – Vynnychenko V. Vidrodzhennia natsii. Reprynt. vidtvor. vyd. 1920 r. [Revival of the nation]: u 3 ch. K. : Vyd-vo polit. l-ry Ukrainy, 1990. Ch. III. 542 s. [in Ukrainian]. Herman, 1995 – Herman O. M. Diialnist tovarystva «Prosvita» na Podilli naprykintsi XIX I v pershii polovyni XX stolittia [Activities of  the society «Enlightenment» in Podolia in the late XIX and early XX century]: dys. ... kand. ist. nauk: 07.00.01. Chernivtsi, 1995. 228 s. [in Ukrainian]. Hrytsak, 1996 – Hrytsak Ya. Narys istorii Ukrainy. Formuvannia modernoi ukrainskoi natsii u XIX-XX st. [Essays on the history of Ukraine: the formation of the modern Ukrainian nation of the XIX-XX centuries]. K.: Heneza, 1996. 358 s. [in Ukrainian]. DAKO – Derzhavnyi arkhiv Kyivskoi oblasti Doroshenko, 2007 – Doroshenko D. Moi spomyny pro nedavnie mynule (1914-1920 roky) [My memories of the recent past (1914-1920)]. K. : Tempora, 2007. 632 s.  [in Ukrainian]. Kravchuk, 1996 – Kravchuk L. V. Kulturo-tvorcha diialnist ta prosvitnytskyi rukh v period Ukrainskoi derzhavnosti 1917–1920 rr. [Cultural activity and educational movement in the period of Ukrainian statehood 1917-1920]: avtoref. dys. ... kand. ist. nauk: 07.00.01. Chernivtsi, 1996. 23 s. [in Ukrainian]. Kulturno-prosvitnii hurtok, 1918 – Kulturno-prosvitnii hurtok…1918 [Cultural and educational circle…1918]. «Prosvita». Nova Rada. (Kyiv). 25 kvitnia. [in Ukrainian]. Lozovyi, 2006 – Lozovyi V. S. Poshyrennia prosvitnytskykh oseredkiv v ukrainskomu seli v period Tsentralnoi Rady (1917 r.) [Dissemination of educational centers in the Ukrainian countryside during the Central Rada (1917)]. Osvita, nauka i kultura na Podilli: zb. nauk. pr. / hol. red. kol.: P. T. Tronko. Kam’ianets-Podilskyi: Oiium, 2006. T. 7: mat. tretoho kruhloho stolu «Kultura, osvita i prosvitnytskyi rukh na Podilli u KhVIII – na pochatku KhKhI st.». S. 3-11. [in Ukrainian]. Ostashko,1997 – Ostashko T. Tovarystvo «Prosvita» – oseredky ukrainskoho natsionalno-osvitnoho rukhu za doby Tsentralnoi Rady [Society «Enlightenment» is a center of the Ukrainian national educational movement during the Central Rada] // Tsentralna Rada i ukrainskyi derzhavotvorchyi protses (do 80-richchia stvorennia Tsentralnoi Rady): Materialy nauk. konf., 20 bereznia 1997 r. NAN Ukrainy, In-t istorii Ukrainy. K., 1997. Ch. 2. S. 272-280. [in Ukrainian]. Reient, 2003 – Reient O. Ukraina v impersku dobu (XIX – pochatok XX st.) [Ukraine in the imperial era (XIX - early XX centuries)]. K., 2003. 338 s. [in Ukrainian]. Sarbei, 1999 – Sarbei V. Natsionalne vidrodzhennia Ukrainy [National revival of Ukraine]. K., 1999. 335 s. [in Ukrainian]. U mistechku Pokotylove, 1917 – U mistechku Pokotylove…1917 [In the town of Pokotylove…1917] – Chytalnia. Nova Rada. (Kyiv). 26 chervnia. [in Ukrainian]. U s. Tykhomu Khutori, 1917 – U s. Tykhomu Khutori…1917 [In the village of Tykhy Khutir] –  «Prosvita». Nova Rada. (Kyiv). 1 zhovtnia. [in Ukrainian]. Faryna, 1993 – Faryna S. Ya. Rol «Prosvit» v ukrainskomu natsionalno-kulturnomu rusi na pochatku KhKh stolittia [The role of  «Enlightenment» in the Ukrainian national and cultural movement in the early XIX century].: dys. ... kand. ist. nauk: 07.00.01. Kremenchuk, 1993. 233 s.  [in Ukrainian]. TsDAVO Ukrainy – Tsentralnyi derzhavnyi arkhiv vyshchykh orhaniv vlady ta upravlinnia Ukrainy.

Mathematics Textbook as an Object of Research/Matematički udžbenik kao predmet istraživanja

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dubravka Glasnović Gracin
Keyword(s):  
Mathematics Education ◽  
Mathematical Knowledge ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Mathematics Textbooks ◽  
Mathematics Textbook ◽  
Mathematics Book

AbstractA mathematics textbook can be described as an officially authorized and pedagogically designed mathematics book written to provide mathematical knowledge to students. This description suggests the authority of the textbook - because it has been authorized by an administrative source and because it deals with authorized knowledge. This paper provides an overview of research on mathematics textbooks. The emphasis is on questions concerning the extent to which and how textbooks are used in mathematics education in Croatia and in the world.Research results show that mathematics textbooks are widely used in mathematics education worldwide. This finding points to the need for research on the content and structure of textbooks. Such studies are combined with the associated results on how textbooks are used in the classroom and which methods teachers apply in using textbooks in mathematics education. The results of the empirical studies show that teachers use textbooks for lesson preparation and pupils use mathematics textbooks for exercises to a great extent. These results imply that such an important role of textbooks in mathematics education deserves additional attention, with the goal of understanding and improving mathematics education.Key words: mathematics education; overview; research on textbook---SažetakMatematički udžbenik može se opisati kao službeno autorizirana i pedagoki osmiljena matematička knjiga napisana s ciljem da učenicima ponudi matematičke sadržaje. Taj opis sugerira autoritet udžbenika jer ga je autorizirao administrativni izvor i jer sadrži autorizirano znanje. Ovaj članak daje pregled istraživanja matematičkih udžbenika, a naglasak je na pitanjima u kojoj mjeri i kako se udžbenici koriste u nastavi matematike u Hrvatskoj i u svijetu.Rezultati raznih istraživanja pokazuju da se udžbenici u velikoj mjeri koriste u nastavi matematike irom svijeta. Taj nalaz ukazuje na potrebu za istraživanjem sadržaja i strukture matematičkih udžbenika. Uz to, prikazani su rezultati istraživanja o tome na koji se način udžbenici koriste u razredu i koje metode nastavnici prakticiraju prilikom upotrebe udžbenika na nastavi. Rezultati empirijskih studija pokazuju da nastavnici udžbenike većinom koriste za pripremu nastavnog sata, a učenici udžbenike koriste u najvećoj mjeri za vježbanje. Ti rezultati ukazuju na to da tako važna uloga udžbenika u matematičkom obrazovanju zaslužuje dodatnu pažnju s ciljem razumijevanja i poboljanja nastave matematike.Ključne riječi: istraživanje udžbenika; nastava matematike; pregled.

Perempuan dan Liminalitas dalam Tradisi Perkawinan Adat di Timor Tengah Selatan

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Marsel Eliaser Liunokas
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Qualitative Research Method ◽  
South Central ◽  
A Value ◽  
Traditional Marriage ◽  
The Village ◽  
As If

Timorese culture is patriarchal in that men are more dominant than women. As if women were not considered in traditional rituals so that an understanding was built that valued women lower than men. However, in contrast to the article to be studied, this would like to see the priority of women’s roles in traditional marriages in Belle village, South Central Timor. The role of women wiil be seen from giving awards to their parents called puah mnasi manu mnasi. This paper aims to look at the meaning of the rituals of puah mnasi maun mnasi and the role and strengths that women have in traditional marriage rituals in the village of Belle, South Central Timor. The method used for this research is a qualitative research method using interview techniques with a number of people in the Belle Villa community and literature study to strengthen this writing. Based on the data obtained this paper shows that the adat rituals of puah mnasi manu mnasi provide a value that can be learned, namely respect for women, togetherness between the two families, and brotherhood that is intertwined due to customary marital affrairs.

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