scholarly journals Sex-typical symptoms of depression and the importance of conditioning contexts in Austria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Förster
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Sex Effect ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Federal States ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Motivational Deficit ◽  
Somatic Stress

Background: Findings regarding the effect of sex on depression are inconclusive. The aim of this paper is to contribute to clarification concerning this effect by first disentangle the concept of depression and splitting it up into two sub-types. Second, we will address macro-level contexts as conditions of the sex-effect on depression.Methods: This study gives a comparative analysis of sex as a predictor of depression symptoms in various Austrian federal states. It offers a secondary data analysis of data collected from an online survey (CAWI) conducted in Austria as a quota sample of Austrian inhabitants (N=1229). Besides sex as a predictor of depression symptoms (measured by PHQ-9 items) we also consider four dimensions of social support, the retirement status, and the experience of a vocational gratification crisis.Results: By and large, sex is not associated with motivational deficit symptoms, but rather with somatic stress symptoms. Taking into account federal states as conditions, the sex-effect on depression symptoms turn out to be context-dependent.Limitations: Using some items from the PHQ-9 inventory for measuring depression symptoms was arbitrary, findings could be sensitive to operationalization. Furthermore, Austrian federal states are no substantial variables which could condition the sex-effect directly. The actual conditioning variables correlate with the Austrian federal states, but remain unobserved here. Conclusions: Depression symptoms are partly sex-typical, but this association is context-dependent. For diagnostics, therefore, the recommendation arises to take symptomatic sub-types of depression into account, instead of an in itself heterogeneous construct that expresses itself differently under certain conditions.

scholarly journals Prevalência de sintomas de estresse e depressão em pacientes renais crônicos submetidos à hemodiálise em um hospital escola do sul de Minas Gerais / Prevalence of stress and depression symptoms in chronic renal patients undergoing hemodialysis at a school hospital of southern Minas Gerais

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
Ana Cláudia Miranda Santos ◽  
Maria Vilela Pinto Nakasu
Keyword(s):  
Renal Disease ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Chronic Renal Disease ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Dialysis Treatment ◽  
Individual Interviews ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Stress Symptoms

Introdução: O paciente em tratamento hemodialítico pode ter um sentimento ambíguo entre o medo de viver e morrer. A condição crônica da doença renal e o tratamento hemodialítico são consideradas fontes estressoras permanentes. Além de mais vulneráveis ao estresse, vivenciam condições particulares que configuram em perdas que afetam a si e seus familiares, podendo apresentar sintomas depressivos decorrentes das mesmas. Objetivos: Investigar a prevalência de sintomas de estresse e depressão em pacientes renais crônicos sob tratamento dialítico no Hospital Escola (HE) de Itajubá, no estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Métodos: A pesquisa foi realizada individualmente, com 59 pacientes que realizam tratamento de diálise no HE de Itajubá. Após o esclarecimento da pesquisa, foram realizadas entrevistas individuais. Para tanto, usados: Questionário Sociodemográfico, Inventário de Sintomas de Stress para Adultos de Lipp (ISSL) e Inventário de Depressão de Beck (BDI). Resultados: A presença de sintomas de estresse e depressão na amostra foi de 32 e 34%, respectivamente. Dentre os pacientes com estresse, a fase mais encontrada foi a de resistência (73%); seguida pela de quase exaustão (14%); exaustão (9%); e alerta (5%). Encontrou-se o predomínio de sintomas psicológicos de estresse na amostra pesquisada (59%), sendo 41% de sintomas físicos da mesma patologia. O nível de depressão foi avaliado pelos escores de cada paciente no BDI, sendo que 39 pacientes não apresentaram sintomas de depressão; treze apresentaram sintomas leves; seis, sintomas moderados; e um apresentou sintomas graves. Conclusão: Não foi identificada alta prevalência de estresse e depressão na amostra.Palavras-chave: Estresse; Depressão; Hemodiálise; Doença renal crônicaABSTRACTIntroduction: The patient undergoing hemodialysis may have an ambiguous feeling between the fear of living or dying. The chronic condition of renal disease and hemodialysis treatment are considered permanent stress sources. In addition to being more vulnerable to stress, they experience individual conditions which constitute losses that affect themselves and their families, and may present, as a result, depressive symptoms. Aims: To ascertain the prevalence of stress and depression in patients undergoing dialysis treatment at the School Hospital of Itajubá, in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Methods: The survey was conducted individually, with 59 patients undergoing dialysis treatment at the School Hospital. After clarifying the research, individual interviews were conducted. Therefore, the Socio-Demographic questionnaires, the Inventory of Stress Symptoms for Adults Lipp (ISSL) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), were the tools used in the interviews. Results: The presence of symptoms of stress and depression in the sample was 32 and 34% respectively. Among patients showing stress the biggest phase was resistance (73%), followed by near exhaustion (14%), exhaustion (9%) and alert (5%). It was found, in the studied sample, a predominance of psychological symptoms of stress 59%, and 41% of physical symptoms of the same pathology. The level of depression was assessed by the scores of each patient in the BDI questionnaire and 39 patients had no symptoms of depression; thirteen patients had mild symptoms, six moderate symptoms and one had severe symptoms. Conclusion: The results show that the prevalence of stress and depression in the sample was not ascertained as high prevalence.Keywords: Stress; Depression; Hemodialisys; Chronic renal disease

scholarly journals School Performance and Symptoms of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress in Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ângela Maria Horn ◽  
Kélin Aparecida da Silva ◽  
Naiana Dapieve Patias
Keyword(s):  
School Performance ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
School Students ◽  
Public School Students ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Areas Of Interest ◽  
Spearman’S Correlation

Abstract The objective of this study was to verify the correlation between school performance and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress in 432 public school students aged from 15 to 18 years. The instruments used were a sociodemographic datasheet, Escala de Depressão, Ansiedade e Estresse (EDAE-A), and the grades in the courses/areas of interest of three school trimesters. Descriptive analyses, as well as the Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman's correlation test, were conducted. A weak and negative correlation was found between school performance and anxiety and depression symptoms, with the adolescents from full-time schools presenting better performance and fewer symptoms of depression and anxiety than those in regular schools. Younger adolescents presented more stress symptoms, while female adolescents have more depression and anxiety symptoms.

scholarly journals Psychological problems among university students in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeinab Mohammed ◽  
Ahmed Arafa ◽  
El-Sayed Atlam ◽  
Nader El-Qerafi ◽  
Momen El-Shazly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
University Students ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Psychological Problems ◽  
Depression Anxiety Stress Scale ◽  
Stress Scale ◽  
Psychological Conditions ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Stress Symptoms

Abstract: Background: The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is a public health emergency and constitutes a challenge to psychological health. This study aimed to assess the psychological conditions among university students in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and Methods: During the period between the 4th and 18th of June 2020, the students at Umm AlQura University in Saudi Arabia were invited to complete an online survey. The survey assessed their sociodemographic characteristics, educational disciplines, and manifestations of depression, anxiety, and stress as determined by the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). Results: The study included 936 students. Of them, 41.1% had depressive symptoms (31.7% mild to moderate and 9.4% severe to very severe), 26.9% had anxiety symptoms (15.8% mild to moderate and 11.1% severe to very severe), and 22.4% had stress symptoms (15.2% mild to moderate and 7.2% severe to very severe). Students who reported having a friend or relative infected with or died from COVID-19, watching or reading news about the pandemic ≥2 hours/day, and not having emotional support from family, university, and society were more likely to show psychological problems. Conclusion: Symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress were common among Saudi university students. Psychological counseling and support should be provided to university students in Saudi Arabia. Keywords: Depression; Anxiety; Stress; COVID-19; University students; Saudi Arabia

scholarly journals Psychological Impact of COVID-19 on People with Pre-Existing Chronic Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5972
Author(s):  
Michael Owusu Budu ◽  
Emily J. Rugel ◽  
Rochelle Nocos ◽  
Koon Teo ◽  
Sumathy Rangarajan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Illness ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused an increase in anxiety and depression levels across broad populations. While anyone can be infected by the virus, the presence of certain chronic diseases has been shown to exacerbate the severity of the infection. There is a likelihood that knowledge of this information may lead to negative psychological impacts among people with chronic illness. We hypothesized that the pandemic has resulted in increased levels of anxiety and depression symptoms among people with chronic illness. We recruited 540 participants from the ongoing Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study in British Columbia, Canada. Participants were asked to fill out an online survey that included the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS) to assess anxiety and depression symptoms. We tested our hypothesis using bivariate and multivariable linear regression models. Out of 540 participants, 15% showed symptoms of anxiety and 17% reported symptoms of depression. We found no significant associations between having a pre-existing chronic illness and reporting higher levels of anxiety or depression symptoms during COVID-19. Our results do not support the hypothesis that having a chronic illness is associated with greater anxiety or depression symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our results were similar to one study but in contrast with other studies that found a positive association between the presence of chronic illness and developing anxiety or depression during this pandemic.

scholarly journals Changes in the Health of Adolescent Athletes: A Comparison of Health Measures Collected Before and During the CoVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy A. McGuine ◽  
Kevin Biese ◽  
Scott J. Hetzel ◽  
Labina Petrovska ◽  
Stephanie Kliethermes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
List Type ◽  
Adolescent Athletes ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Health Measures

ABSTRACTContextIn the spring of 2020, schools closed to in-person teaching and sports were cancelled to control the transmission of CoVID-19. The changes that took place to the physical and mental health among young athletes during this time remain unknown, however.ObjectiveIdentify changes in the health (mental health, physical activity and quality of life) of athletes that occurred during the CoVID-19 pandemic.DesignCross sectional study.SettingSample recruited via social media.Patients or Other Participants3243 Wisconsin adolescent athletes (age=16.2±1.2 yrs., female=58% female) completed an online survey in May 2020 (DuringCoVID-19). Health measures for this cohort were compared with previously reported data for Wisconsin adolescent athletes (n=5231, age=15.7±1.2, 47% female) collected in 2016–2018 (PreCoVID-19).Main Outcome Measure(s)Demographic information included: sex, grade and sports played. Health assessments included the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 Item (PHQ-9) to identify depression symptoms, the Pediatric Functional Activity Brief Scale (PFABS) for physical activity, and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 (PedsQL) for health related quality of life (HRQoL). Univariable comparisons of these variables between groups were made via t-tests or chi-square tests. Means and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for each group were estimated by survey weighted ANOVA models.RESULTSCompared to PreCoVID-19, a larger proportion of the During-CoVID-19 participants reported rates of moderate to severe levels of depression (9.7% vs 32.9%, p<0.001). During-CoVID-19 participants reported 50% lower (worse) PFABS scores (mean:12.2 [95%CI: 11.9, 12.5] vs 24.7 [24.5, 24.9] p<0.001) and lower (worse) PedsQL total scores compared to the PreCoVID-19 participants (78.4 [78.0, 78.8] vs. 90.9 [90.5, 91.3] p<0.001).CONCLUSIONSDuring the CoVID-19 pandemic, adolescent athletes reported increased symptoms of depression, decreased physical activity and decreased quality of life compared to adolescent athletes in previous years.Key pointsAdolescent athletes during CoVID-19 were three times more likely to report moderate to severe symptoms of depression compared to data collected prior to CoVID-19.Adolescent athletes during CoVID-19 reported significantly lower physical activity and quality of life scores compared to high school athletes prior to the CoVID-19 pandemicPost CoVID-19 policies should be implemented to improve the health of adolescent athletes in the US.

scholarly journals Exploratory study on the psychological impact of COVID-19 on the general Brazilian population

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0245868
Author(s):  
Antonio P. Serafim ◽  
Ricardo S. S. Durães ◽  
Cristiana C. A. Rocca ◽  
Priscila D. Gonçalves ◽  
Fabiana Saffi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Brazilian Population ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
Stress Burden

The COVID-19 pandemic has become one of the main international concerns regarding its impact on mental health. The present study aims to investigate the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms, and behavioral aspects amidst the COVID-19 pandemic in a Brazilian population. An online survey was administered from May 22 to June 5, 2020 using a questionnaire comprising of sociodemographic information, the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21), and the Coping Strategies Inventory. Participants comprised 3,000 people from Brazil’s 26 states and the Federal District, with an average age of 39.8 years, women (83%), married (50.6%), graduates (70.1%) and employees (46.7%). Some contracted the virus (6.4%) and had dead friends or relatives (22.7%). There was more consumption of drugs, tobacco, medication, and food (40.8%). Almost half of participants expressed symptoms of depression (46.4%), anxiety (39.7%), and stress (42.2%). These were higher in women, people without children, students, patients with chronic diseases, and people who had contact with others diagnosed with COVID-19. The existence of a group more vulnerable to situations with a high stress burden requires greater attention regarding mental health during and after the pandemic. That said, it should be emphasized that these findings are preliminary and portray a moment still being faced by many people amid the pandemic and quarantine measures. Therefore, we understand that the magnitude of the impacts on mental health will only be more specific with continuous studies after total relaxation of the quarantine.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 on the Mental Health of Healthcare Workers: A Cross-Sectional Study From Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khezar Hayat ◽  
Muhammad Arshed ◽  
Iqra Fiaz ◽  
Urooj Afreen ◽  
Faiz Ullah Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression

Background: The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has significantly increased the rate of mortality and morbidity worldwide due to its rapid transmission rate. The mental health status of individuals could have a negative impact attributed to this global situation. Therefore, this study was intended to explore the symptoms of depression and anxiety among healthcare workers (HCWs) of Pakistan during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was undertaken by administering a web-based questionnaire between May and June 2020. Two tools, including the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), were employed to measure anxiety and depression symptoms among HCWs. The data analyses were carried out using descriptive statistics, Man Whitney, and Kruskal Wallis tests.Results: Of 1094 HCWs who participated in this online survey, 742 (67.8%) were physicians, followed by nurses (n = 277, 25.3%) and pharmacists (n = 75, 6.9%). The survey respondents had a median depression and anxiety score of 5.00 (7.00–3.00) and 8.00 (11.00–5.00), respectively. A considerable number of HCWs (82.2%) utilized online psychological resources to deal with their psychological distress. Female HCWs, nurses, frontline HCWs, and HCWs aged 30–49 years were more likely to suffer from depression and anxiety (p &lt; 0.05).Conclusion: During the recent ongoing pandemic of COVID-19, there is a mild level of symptoms of depression and anxiety among HCWs. Our findings call for urgent psychological interventions for vulnerable groups of Pakistani HCWs.

scholarly journals Association Analysis of 14 Candidate Gene Polymorphism with Depression and Stress among Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 988
Author(s):  
Kai Wei Lee ◽  
Siew Mooi Ching ◽  
Vasudevan Ramachandran ◽  
Maiza Tusimin ◽  
Noraihan Mohd Nordin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gene Polymorphism ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Oxtr Rs53576

The association of candidate genes and psychological symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress among women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in Malaysia was determined in this study, followed by the determination of their odds of getting psychological symptoms, adjusted for socio-demographical background, maternal, and clinical characteristics. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) recorded a significant association between SNP of EPHX2 (rs17466684) and depression symptoms (AOR = 7.854, 95% CI = 1.330–46.360) and stress symptoms (AOR = 7.664, 95% CI = 1.579–37.197). Associations were also observed between stress symptoms and SNP of OXTR (rs53576) and (AOR = 2.981, 95% CI = 1.058–8.402) and SNP of NRG1 (rs2919375) (AOR = 9.894, 95% CI = 1.159–84.427). The SNP of EPHX2 (rs17466684) gene polymorphism is associated with depression symptoms among Malaysian women with GDM. SNP of EPHX2 (rs17466684), OXTR (rs53576) and NRG1 (rs2919375) are also associated with stress symptoms.

Hormone therapy, gender affirmation surgery, and their association with recent suicidal ideation and depression symptoms in transgender veterans

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (14) ◽  
pp. 2329-2336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond P. Tucker ◽  
Rylan J. Testa ◽  
Tracy L. Simpson ◽  
Jillian C. Shipherd ◽  
John R. Blosnich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Hormone Therapy ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Medical Intervention ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
History Of

AbstractBackgroundAccess to transition-related medical interventions (TRMIs) for transgender veterans has been the subject of substantial public interest and debate. To better inform these important conversations, the current study investigated whether undergoing hormone or surgical transition intervention(s) relates to the frequency of recent suicidal ideation (SI) and symptoms of depression in transgender veterans.MethodsThis study included a cross-sectional, national sample of 206 self-identified transgender veterans. They self-reported basic demographics, TRMI history, recent SI, and symptoms of depression through an online survey.ResultsSignificantly lower levels of SI experienced in the past year and 2-weeks were seen in veterans with a history of both hormone intervention and surgery on both the chest and genitals in comparison with those who endorsed a history of no medical intervention, history of hormone therapy but no surgical intervention, and those with a history of hormone therapy and surgery on either (but not both) the chest or genitals when controlling for sample demographics (e.g., gender identity and annual income). Indirect effect analyses indicated that lower depressive symptoms experienced in the last 2-weeks mediated the relationship between the history of surgery on both chest and genitals and SI in the last 2-weeks.ConclusionsResults indicate the potential protective effect that TRMI may have on symptoms of depression and SI in transgender veterans, particularly when both genitals and chest are affirmed with one's gender identity. Implications for policymakers, providers, and researchers are discussed.

Examining the Temporal Dynamics of Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms During a Therapist-Supported, Smartphone-Based Intervention for Major Depression (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santiago Allende ◽  
Valerie Forman-Hoffman ◽  
Philippe Goldin
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Temporal Relationship ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
Quadratic Function ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
End Of Treatment ◽  
Highly Correlated

UNSTRUCTURED Background: Anxiety and depression symptoms are highly correlated in adults with depression; however, little is known about their interaction and temporal dynamics of change during treatment. Thus, the primary aim of this study was to examine the temporal dynamics of anxiety and depressive symptoms during a 12-week therapist-supported, smartphone-delivered digital health intervention for symptoms of depression and anxiety, the Meru Health Program (MHP). Method: A total of 290 participants from the MHP were included in the present analyses (age Mean = 39.64, SD = 10.25 years; 79% female; 54% self-reported psychotropic medication use). A variance components model was used to examine whether (1) reporting greater anxiety during the current week relative to anxiety reported in other weeks would be associated with greater reporting of depressive symptoms during the current week, while a time-varying effect model was used to examine whether, (2) consistent with findings reported by Wright et al. (2014), the temporal relationship between anxiety and depressive symptoms during the intervention would be expressed as a quadratic function marked by a weak association at baseline, followed by an increase to a peak before demonstrating a negligible decrease until the end of treatment. Results: In support of hypothesis 1, we found that reporting greater anxiety symptoms during the current week relative to other weeks was associated with greater depressive symptoms during the current week. Contrary to hypothesis 2, the temporal relationship between anxiety and depressive symptoms evidenced a recurring pattern, with the association increasing during the initial weeks, decreasing during mid-treatment and sharply increasing toward the end of treatment. Conclusions: The present findings demonstrate that anxiety and depressive symptoms overlap and fluctuate in concert during a smartphone-based intervention for anxiety and depressive symptoms. The present findings may warrant more refined intervention strategies specifically tailored to co-occurring patterns of change in symptoms.

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