scholarly journals An academic survey on theoretical foundations, common assumptions and the current state of the field of consciousness science

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolien Francken ◽  
Lola Beerendonk ◽  
Dylan Molenaar ◽  
Johannes Jacobus Fahrenfort ◽  
Julian Kiverstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Senior Faculty ◽  
Animal Kingdom ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Current State ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
High Level ◽  
Theoretical Foundations ◽  
Considerable Discussion ◽  
State Of The Field

We report the results of an academic survey into the theoretical and methodological foundations, common assumptions and the current state of the field of consciousness science. The survey consisted of 22 questions, was distributed online and at two different occasions of the annual meeting of the Association of the Scientific Study of Consciousness (ASSC, 2018 and 2019), targeting active scientists in the field only. We examined responses from 232 consciousness scientists with different backgrounds (e.g., philosophy, neuroscience, psychology, computer science) and at various stages of their careers (e.g., junior/senior faculty, graduate/undergraduate students). The results reveal that while respondents answer related questions quite consistently, there remains considerable discussion and debate between researchers about the definition of consciousness and the way it should be studied. To highlight a few observations, a majority of respondents believe that machines could have consciousness, that consciousness is a gradual phenomenon in the animal kingdom and that unconscious processing is extensive, encompassing both low-level as well as high-level cognitive functions. Further, we show which theories of consciousness are currently considered most promising and how supposedly different theories cluster together, which dependent measures are best used to index the presence or absence of consciousness, and which neural measures are the most likely signatures of consciousness. These findings provide us with a snapshot of the current, dominant views of professional researchers in the field and therefore may help to prioritise research and theoretical approaches to foster progress.

The Oxford Handbook of Adaptation Studies

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Adaptation Studies ◽  
Original Essays ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Theoretical Foundations ◽  
State Of The Field

This collection of forty original essays reflects on the history of adaptation studies, surveys the current state of the field, and maps out possible futures that mobilize its unparalleled ability to bring together theorists and practitioners in different modes of discourse. Grounding contemporary adaptation studies in a series of formative debates about what adaptation is, whether its orientation should be scientific or aesthetic, and whether it is most usefully approached inductively, through close analyses of specific adaptations, or deductively, through general theories of adaptation, the volume, not so much a museum as a laboratory or a provocation, aims to foster, rather than resolve, these debates. Its seven parts focus on the historical and theoretical foundations of adaptation study, the problems raised by adapting canonical classics and the aesthetic commons, the ways different genres and presentational modes illuminate and transform the nature of adaptation, the relations between adaptation and intertextuality, the interdisciplinary status of adaptation, and the issues involved in professing adaptation, now and in the future. Embracing an expansive view of adaptation and adaptation studies, it emphasizes the area’s status as a crossroads or network that fosters interactive exchange across many disciplines and advocates continued debate on its leading questions as the best defense against the possibilities of dilution, miscommunication, and chaos that this expansive view threatens to introduce to a burgeoning field uniquely responsive to the contemporary textual landscape.

scholarly journals FINANCIAL PROVISION OFHOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITY

2017 ◽  
pp. 35-45
Author(s):  
Oksana KVASNYTSIA
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Financing System ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Current State ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Global Problems ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
High Level

Introduction. The issue of providing humanity with food rightly holds one of the leading places in the hierarchy of global problems. Food safety of a country is an indispensable condition and guarantees its sovereignty and independence, ensuring its sustainable social and economic development, population’s high level and quality oflife and reproduction ofhuman capital. The purpose of the article is to assess the state of food security of Ukraine, the definition of the role of households in ensuring food security and the justification of directions for improving financial leverage in the context of the implementation of Ukraine’s agricultural and food potential. Main results of the study. For Ukraine, the problem of ensuring food security is of particular importance, which is conditioned by the current state of development of the domestic agricultural and industrial complex, the increase of production in which is carried out mainly by an extensive way. The most important conditions for achieving food security are: the potential physical availability of food for every person; economic opportunity of purchasing food by all social groups of the population, including disadvantaged ones, which is achieved by raising the standard of living or implementing the necessary measures of social security; consumption of high quality products in quantities sufficient forrational nutrition. In order to increase the food security financial support, it is necessary to improve the financial component of the comprehensive food security mechanism, which aims at ensuring the application of economic instruments and creating conditions for attracting monetary resources for the functioning ofthe food security system through the creation of amulti-channel financing system. Conclusions. Therefore, the main directions of improving the financial system for the purpose of ensuring food security ofthe country are: availability of financial and credit support to agricultural producers; introduction of innovations in agricultural production; regulation of conditions for foreign and domestic food trade through a system of tariff and non-tariff instruments; systemic measures to strengthen and extend the life expectancyofthe population, wages and salaryincrease.

scholarly journals Tourism orientation as a business paradigm for the development of united territorial communities

2020 ◽  
pp. 177-185
Author(s):  
A. Pechenyuk
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Customer Orientation ◽  
Problem Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Tourism Product ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
New Business ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

The subject of the research is tourist orientation as a component of the business paradigm of development of territorial communities of Ukraine The purpose of the study is to substantiate the theoretical foundations and criteria for the formation of a new business paradigm of tourism orientation of rural communities. General scientific and special research methods are used. Scientific method - for systematization of existing theoretical approaches to the researched problem; analysis and synthesis (for detailing the object and subject of research and their generalization); abstract-logical (in the formation of generalizations, conclusions and proposals; the method of systematic approach - in considering tourist orientation as a system consisting of a number of interconnected elements, and, interacting, affects the communication and social efficiency of rural communities; the method of scientific abstraction - when allocating stable, typical connections in tourism orientation, which allowed to form criteria for assessing the tourist orientation of communities. Tourist orientation as a direction of formation of business paradigm of development of united communities is investigated. It is established that the strengthening of the tourism-oriented component will contribute to the creation of an innovative tourism product and attract new consumers. The main approaches to customer orientation are studied, the connection between the defined definition and tourist orientation is established. The own definition of tourist orientation of communities is offered. The stages of formation of a positive tourist-oriented environment are outlined. The principles of tourist orientation are described, cognitive marketing is defined as the basis for the formation of consumer loyalty. The criteria of tourist orientation are given and the indicators that characterize it are determined. The results of the study can be used to develop an effective strategy for rural development, taking into account and evaluating the criteria identified by the study at the stage of forming a business paradigm of tourism orientation of the community will increase investment in infrastructure, dissemination of information technology, restoration, reconstruction, objects of historical and cultural heritage, the formation of information, cognitive and tourist competencies of community residents. Key words: united communities, tourism orientation, tourism development, business paradigm, tourist impressions, cognitive marketing.

scholarly journals Students’ Beliefs Regarding the Use of E-portfolio to Enhance Cognitive Skills in a Blended Learning Environment

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (02) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Prakob Koraneekij ◽  
Jintavee Khlaisang
Keyword(s):  
Learning Environment ◽  
Blended Learning ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Authentic Assessment ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Data Collection Tool ◽  
Sample Group ◽  
Current State ◽  
High Level

This paper reports on a quantitative study on ICT readiness among undergraduate students in Thailand, students’ beliefs about use of e-portfolios in the Blended Learning Environment (BLE), and students’ beliefs about using e-portfolios to enhance their cognitive skills in the BLE. The sample group comprised 360 undergraduate students, divided by study fields. The data collection tool was a questionnaire of students’ beliefs. The reliability value of the questionnaire was 0.889. Data was analyzed using statistical analysis and f-test. The beliefs and needs were ranked by PNI modified. The research found that every student had a computer connected to the Internet. The analysis results of students’ beliefs about the use of e-portfolios in the BLE were positive and the top five results were: (1) learning by creating work, (2) enhancing creativity, (3) enhancing the problem solving skill, (4) enhancing critical thinking, and (5) enhancing authentic assessment. The current state of using e-portfolios to enhance cognitive skills in the BLE was at average level, while the needs were at the high level.

scholarly journals THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO EVALUATION OF INVESTMENT SECURITY OF UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oksana Kopylyuk ◽  
Oleksandra Muzychka ◽  
Julia Tymchyshyn
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
High Level ◽  
Investment Process ◽  
Resource Capacity

The article discusses theoretical approaches to revealing the essence of the definition of «investment security». Investment security considered as a state of investment support of the country's economy, its resource capacity for expanded reproduction and modernization, attractiveness for investment in real and potential risks, threats and dangers. Investment security is a component of financial security, which in turn is an important component of the country's economic security. The main task of investment security is the formation of investment resources for the development of the country's economy, taking into account risks and threats. To assess the country's investment security, it is advisable to apply a comprehensive approach that would take into account its various aspects. Methodological tools have been developed and the level of investment security of Ukraine has been assessed and based on indicators that reflect: 1) ability to reproduce; 2) economic growth; 3) sources of investment. The quantitative value of these indicators allowed calculating the integrated indicator of investment security of Ukraine and noting that its level can be low, medium and high. On the authors position the low level of investment security signals the low investment attractiveness of the country's economy, significant imbalances in investment sources and lack of investment for expanded reproduction of fixed assets on an innovative basis. The average level of investment security reflects the satisfactory pace of investment in the country's economy and low use of the potential of financial intermediaries in investment activities. A high level of investment security, which guarantees expanded reproduction, economic growth and attracting the potential of the financial system in the investment process. The value of the integrated indicator of investment security of Ukraine for 2015-2019 is calculated. Testified to significant threats to economic growth and low rates of investment in the economy. The proposed methodology is comprehensive and allows assessing the level of investment security at the macro level.

scholarly journals THE STATE OF LEGAL REGULATION OF OFFICIAL INVESTIGATIONS IN THE PROSECUTOR'S OFFICE

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4(106)) ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
В. О. Галушко
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Status ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Main Regulator ◽  
High Level

The relevance of the topic of the article is that the implementation of legal procedures within a particular branch of law requires a clear establishment and definition of key stages, procedures, patterns and subjective composition of the latter. That is, we are talking about the legal regulation of legal processes, the high level of quality of which directly affects the effectiveness and efficiency of the relevant sequences of legally significant actions. Official investigations in the prosecutor's office in this aspect are no exception, so it is appropriate to analyze the current state of their legal regulation. Determining the state of legal regulation of official investigations in the prosecutor's office requires a full understanding of the features and internal nature of this category. Note that legal regulation has a deep theoretical basis. It can be pointed out that legal regulation in a separate part is an expression of the content of the principle of the rule of law, that is, it is an indicator of the action of law as the main regulator of social relations. However, there are other features of this category that are important to outline within this article. The article, based on the analysis of scientific views of scientists, offers the author's vision on the interpretation of the concept of legal regulation of official investigations in the prosecutor's office of Ukraine. Emphasis is placed on the specifics of the mechanism of legal regulation of official investigations in the prosecutor's office and identified features of its structure. The general assessment of the state of legal regulation of official investigations in the prosecutor's office is given. It is concluded that at the present stage the legal regulation of official investigations in the prosecutor's office is disordered in its internal structure. Yes, there is a corresponding dissonance between the status and the practice of applying official investigations. The procedure for this procedure, the subject composition, the local legal framework, as well as other mechanical features of official investigations are developed and have the appropriate forms of operation. At the same time, the status and purpose of official investigations in the prosecutor's office, their connection with disciplinary proceedings, principles, as well as the general place in the field of official discipline of prosecutors in modern realities are not properly regulated.

The Evolving Islam and Psychology Movement

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 198-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul M. Kaplick ◽  
Rasjid Skinner
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Current State ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
State Of The Field

Abstract. Since the late 1970s there has been a growing awareness in academic literature, and particularly among Muslim psychologists, of the relationship between Islam and psychology. Indicated by almost 40 years of publications and debates, this progression of interest has pointed toward the potential establishment of an Islam and psychology movement within the landscape of psychological sciences. We provide a narrative review that outlines the constitutive elements and appraises the current state of the field. Attention is given to the predominantly-involved professionals, academics, and associations; as well as to the definition of its subject matter and conceptual approaches. We conclude by summarizing current opinions on how the movement may successfully evolve.

Popular Religion

1995 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 378-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen F. Teiser
Keyword(s):  
Popular Religion ◽  
Religious Practice ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Ancestor Veneration ◽  
Current State ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Funeral Rituals ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
State Of The Field

The population of traditional china, from government officials to artisans and farmers, shared a wide range of religious practice and belief, including ancestor veneration, annual festivals, funeral rituals, exorcism of harmful forces, and procedures for the auspicious siting of graves and residences. The definition of popular religion is a contested issue in the current state of the field.

scholarly journals Essence and Types of Territorial Community: Analyzing the Theoretical Aspects

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (522) ◽  
pp. 134-145
Author(s):  
I. V. Yaroshenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Community Influences ◽  
Practical Research ◽  
Territorial Organization ◽  
Scientific Opinion ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
High Level

Each country forms its own systems of territorial organization of power and public administration, which occurs under the influence of the national, historical, geographical, natural, economic, social, cultural, demographic and other features. Considerable attention of researches of scholars and practitioners was paid to the creation and functioning of the territorial community. The choice of theoretical approaches and models of the territorial community influences the efficiency of the functioning of the local self-government system, the ability to fulfill the assigned powers, to ensure a high level of quality of life of citizens and sustainable development of the territory. Studies of global and domestic experience allow to systematize the accumulated knowledge on this issue, which makes it possible to offer a national system of public administration at both the central and the local levels using the best theoretical and practical developments of the countries of the world. Formation of the definition of the concept of the territorial community was carried out over a long historical period under the influence of versatile scientific judgments, ideas, theoretical approaches, practical research. The analysis and study of foreign and domestic experience on this issue is characterized by various formulations, views, principles, signs, etc. regarding the formation and functioning of territorial communities. In parallel with the phrase «territorial community», researchers use other names, such as commune, territorial communion, territorial collectivity, local co-partnership, socio-territorial community, etc. The lack of currently generalized scientific opinion regarding the specification of the content of a certain term, the variety of volumes and approaches to its interpretation confirms the expediency of further research on this topic.

The syntax-prosody interface: current theoretical approaches and outstanding questions

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Elfner
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Prosodic Structure ◽  
Central Research ◽  
Constituent Structure ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Current State ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
State Of The Field

AbstractThe syntax-prosody interface concerns the relationship between syntactic and prosodic constituent structure. This paper provides an overview of theoretical advances in research on the syntax-prosody interface. Current theoretical work is situated historically, and is framed in light of the central research questions in the field, including (a) to what extent prosodic structure can be used as a diagnostic for syntactic constituent structure, (b) the significance of recursion in prosodic theory, and (c) how mismatches between syntactic and prosodic constituent structure are modeled in different approaches to the syntax-prosody interface. The paper concludes with a discussion of the current state of the field and directions for future research.

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