Optimal Dyadic Integration of Complementary Perceptual Judgments Under Condition of Prescribed Agreement

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Voinov ◽  
Günther Knoblich
Keyword(s):  
Verbal Communication ◽  
Shared Environment ◽  
Perceptual Information ◽  
Localization Task ◽  
Perceptual Judgments ◽  
3D Environment ◽  
Individual Integration ◽  
Orthogonal Dimension ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Agreement Condition

We investigated whether prescribing an agreement can result in optimal inter-individual integration of perceptual judgments in absence of verbal communication. Participants in pairs performed a localization task in a virtual 3D environment, where the goal was to make projections from an upper plane to the target on the bottom plane. Partners were provided with complementary viewpoints and could be optimal if each took over one orthogonal dimension. In the Revision condition partners saw each other’s individual judgments and could rely on them. In the Agreement condition they provided a joint response. In both conditions communication was not allowed. We found that participants could optimally distribute the dimensions, but only when agreement was mandated. Without the agreement requirement, participants failed to properly rely on their partner on the dimension where the latter were more accurate. We also found, that prescription of agreement exerts a general positive effect on individual performance.Our results demonstrate that even in absence of verbal communication, interacting in a shared environment can result in optimal integration of perceptual information under the condition that an agreement is reached.

scholarly journals The Effect of Teacher’s Verbal Communication and Non-verbal Communication on Students’ English Achievement

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sukris Sutiyatno
Keyword(s):  
Nonverbal Communication ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Verbal Communication ◽  
Significant Positive Effect ◽  
Central Java ◽  
English Achievement ◽  
Positive Effect

The research aimed to reveal the effects of verbal communication and non-verbal communication on students’ English achievement of Informatics department of  STMIK Bina Patria Magelang, Central Java-Indonesia. The research employed a quantitative approach with survey research.The data was collected by using questionnaire and score of final English test.The data was analyzed by using regression. The results of the research, verbal communication gives a significant positive effect on the students’ English achievement. Non-verbal communication gives a significant positive effect on the students’ English achievement. Both verbal and nonverbal communication together give a significant effect on the students’ achievement. Based on the conclusion of research result which shows the significant role of verbal communication and nonverbal communication  in teaching and learning process, teachers need to maintain and develop effective communication in order to successfully transmit learning materials to students. One alternative to developing it is with a combination of the use of verbal and nonverbal communication.

Enaction Through Co-speech Gesture: The Rhetorical Handing of the Mental Timeline

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-431
Author(s):  
Daniel Alcaraz Carrión ◽  
Cristóbal Pagán Cánovas ◽  
Javier Valenzuela
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Dynamic System ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Verbal Communication ◽  
Perceptual Information ◽  
Complex Interplay ◽  
Gaze Fixation ◽  
The Gaze ◽  
American Television

AbstractThis chapter will explore the embodied, enacted and embedded nature of co-speech gestures in the meaning-making process of time conceptualization. We will review three different contextualized communicative exchanges extracted from American Television interviews. First, we will offer a step-by-step form description of the different gesture realizations performed by the speakers as well as a brief description of the gaze fixation patterns. After that, we will offer a functional analysis which will interpret the gesturing patters in terms of their communicative goals on their respective communicative contexts as well as the complex interplay between verbal and non-verbal communication. The resulting interaction between speech, gesture and other bodily movements give rise to a dynamic system that allows for the construction of highly complex meanings: time co-speech gestures play a crucial role in the simulation of virtual anchors for complex mental networks that integrate conceptual and perceptual information.

scholarly journals Adaptive, arousal-related adjustments of perceptual biases optimize perception in a dynamic environment

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamesh Krishnamurthy ◽  
Matthew R. Nassar ◽  
Shilpa Sarode ◽  
Joshua I Gold
Keyword(s):  
Sound Localization ◽  
Pupil Diameter ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Dynamic Environment ◽  
Dynamic Environments ◽  
Localization Task ◽  
Perceptual Judgments ◽  
Arousal System ◽  
Task Conditions

Prior expectations can be used to improve perceptual judgments about ambiguous stimuli. However, little is known about if and how these improvements are maintained in dynamic environments in which the quality of appropriate priors changes from one stimulus to the next. Using a novel sound-localization task, we show that changes in stimulus predictability lead to arousal-mediated adjustments in the magnitude of prior-driven biases that optimize perceptual judgments about each stimulus. These adjustments depend on task-dependent changes in the relevance and reliability of prior expectations, which subjects update using both normative and idiosyncratic principles. The resulting variations in biases across task conditions and individuals are reflected in modulations of pupil diameter, such that larger stimulus-evoked pupil responses correspond to smaller biases. These results suggest a critical role for the arousal system in adjusting the strength of perceptual biases with respect to inferred environmental dynamics to optimize perceptual judgements.

scholarly journals Perceptual judgments made better by indirect interactions: Evidence from a joint localization task

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. e0187428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Valeryevich Voinov ◽  
Natalie Sebanz ◽  
Günther Knoblich
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Interactions ◽  
Localization Task ◽  
Perceptual Judgments

Parent Education in Studies With Nonverbal and Minimally Verbal Participants With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 890-902
Author(s):  
Lynn Kern Koegel ◽  
Katherine M. Bryan ◽  
Pumpki Lei Su ◽  
Mohini Vaidya ◽  
Stephen Camarata
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Parent Education ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Verbal Communication ◽  
Fidelity Of Implementation ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
Minimally Verbal ◽  
Parent Education Programs

Purpose The purpose of this systematic review was to identify parent education procedures implemented in intervention studies focused on expressive verbal communication for nonverbal (NV) or minimally verbal (MV) children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Parent education has been shown to be an essential component in the habilitation of individuals with ASD. Parents of individuals with ASD who are NV or MV may particularly benefit from parent education in order to provide opportunities for communication and to support their children across the life span. Method ProQuest databases were searched between the years of 1960 and 2018 to identify articles that targeted verbal communication in MV and NV individuals with ASD. A total of 1,231 were evaluated to assess whether parent education was implemented. We found 36 studies that included a parent education component. These were reviewed with regard to (a) the number of participants and participants' ages, (b) the parent education program provided, (c) the format of the parent education, (d) the duration of the parent education, (e) the measurement of parent education, and (f) the parent fidelity of implementation scores. Results The results of this analysis showed that very few studies have included a parent education component, descriptions of the parent education programs are unclear in most studies, and few studies have scored the parents' implementation of the intervention. Conclusions Currently, there is great variability in parent education programs in regard to participant age, hours provided, fidelity of implementation, format of parent education, and type of treatment used. Suggestions are made to provide both a more comprehensive description and consistent measurement of parent education programs.

Supporting the Use of Rudimentary Vocalizations

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 132-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Zubow ◽  
Richard Hurtig
Keyword(s):  
Rett Syndrome ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Eye Gaze ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Primary Research ◽  
Multiple Modalities ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Perceptual Judgments ◽  
The Face

Children with Rett Syndrome (RS) are reported to use multiple modalities to communicate although their intentionality is often questioned (Bartolotta, Zipp, Simpkins, & Glazewski, 2011; Hetzroni & Rubin, 2006; Sigafoos et al., 2000; Sigafoos, Woodyatt, Tuckeer, Roberts-Pennell, & Pittendreigh, 2000). This paper will present results of a study analyzing the unconventional vocalizations of a child with RS. The primary research question addresses the ability of familiar and unfamiliar listeners to interpret unconventional vocalizations as “yes” or “no” responses. This paper will also address the acoustic analysis and perceptual judgments of these vocalizations. Pre-recorded isolated vocalizations of “yes” and “no” were presented to 5 listeners (mother, father, 1 unfamiliar, and 2 familiar clinicians) and the listeners were asked to rate the vocalizations as either “yes” or “no.” The ratings were compared to the original identification made by the child's mother during the face-to-face interaction from which the samples were drawn. Findings of this study suggest, in this case, the child's vocalizations were intentional and could be interpreted by familiar and unfamiliar listeners as either “yes” or “no” without contextual or visual cues. The results suggest that communication partners should be trained to attend to eye-gaze and vocalizations to ensure the child's intended choice is accurately understood.

Potential Uses of Vinegar as a Medicine and Related in vivo Mechanisms

2016 ◽  
Vol 86 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 127-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeshan Ali ◽  
Zhenbin Wang ◽  
Rai Muhammad Amir ◽  
Shoaib Younas ◽  
Asif Wali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Positive Effect

While the use of vinegar to fi ght against infections and other crucial conditions dates back to Hippocrates, recent research has found that vinegar consumption has a positive effect on biomarkers for diabetes, cancer, and heart diseases. Different types of vinegar have been used in the world during different time periods. Vinegar is produced by a fermentation process. Foods with a high content of carbohydrates are a good source of vinegar. Review of the results of different studies performed on vinegar components reveals that the daily use of these components has a healthy impact on the physiological and chemical structure of the human body. During the era of Hippocrates, people used vinegar as a medicine to treat wounds, which means that vinegar is one of the ancient foods used as folk medicine. The purpose of the current review paper is to provide a detailed summary of the outcome of previous studies emphasizing the role of vinegar in treatment of different diseases both in acute and chronic conditions, its in vivo mechanism and the active role of different bacteria.

Working Memory, Mental Prospection, Time Orientation, and Cognitive Insight

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sevtap Cinan ◽  
Aslı Doğan
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Time Orientation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Cognitive Insight ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Three Factor

This research is new in its attempt to take future time orientation, morningness orientation, and prospective memory as measures of mental prospection, and to examine a three-factor model that assumes working memory, mental prospection, and cognitive insight are independent but related higher-order cognitive constructs by using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The three-factor model produced a good fit to the data. An alternative one-factor model was tested and rejected. The results suggest that working memory and cognitive insight are distinguishable, related constructs, and that both are distinct from, but negatively associated with, mental prospection. In addition, structural equation modeling (SEM) showed that working memory had a strong positive effect on cognitive insight and a moderate negative effect on mental prospection.

Lexical Access Problems Lead to Disfluencies in Speech

2010 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Hartsuiker ◽  
Lies Notebaert
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Access ◽  
Picture Naming ◽  
Language Production ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
Name Agreement ◽  
Access Problems ◽  
Agreement Condition

A picture naming experiment in Dutch tested whether disfluencies in speech can arise from difficulties in lexical access. Speakers described networks consisting of line drawings and paths connecting these drawings, and we manipulated picture name agreement. Consistent with our hypothesis, there were more pauses and more self-corrections in the low name agreement condition than the high name agreement condition, but there was no effect on repetitions. We also considered determiner frequency. There were more self-corrections and more repetitions when the picture name required the less frequent (neuter-gender) determiner “het” than the more frequent (common-gender) determiner “de”. These data suggest that difficulties in distinct stages of language production result in distinct patterns of disfluencies.

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