scholarly journals Republicans treated Chinese-born US residents relatively worse than US-born US residents, compared to non-Republicans throughout the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Abascal ◽  
Kinga Makovi ◽  
Yao Xu
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Asian Americans ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Differential Treatment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Behavioral Immune System ◽  
Unequal Treatment ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Behavioral Game

Asian Americans became targets of increasingly hostile behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic. What motivated this? Fears of contagion arising from a behavioral immune system (BIS) may have motivated differential treatment towards Chinese-born US residents, especially early in the pandemic and among those vulnerable to COVID-19. On the other hand, rhetoric from right-wing media figures may have legitimated anti-Asian behavior. We explore these questions using a behavioral game with a representative sample of Americans at two points: in spring and fall 2020. Participants were partnered with a US- or Chinese-born US resident. The average American treated Chinese-born US residents worse compared to US-born residents in the spring but not the fall, when China was no longer a COVID-19 hotspot. But among Republicans, likely more receptive to right-wing rhetoric, unequal treatment was both stronger in the spring and persisted into the fall.

John Conrad Hansen (1869–1952) and his scientific illustrations

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul D. Brinkman
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
The Other ◽  
Field Museum ◽  
Oil Paintings ◽  
Other Hand

Over the course of his 14-year career at Chicago's Field Museum of Natural History, artist and engraver John Conrad Hansen rendered hundreds of beautiful and accurate scientific illustrations of animals – mostly extinct fossil vertebrates. His principal media were oil paintings, pencil, pen-and-ink and wash drawings. Many of his illustrations have been published in the scientific literature. His oil paintings, on the other hand, were made for display alongside specimens in the Field Museum's exhibits. Despite the quality of Hansen's full-colour reconstructions, few of them have been seen outside the Museum. A small, representative sample of his work is reproduced here, along with a brief account of his troubled life and career.

scholarly journals Diarrhoea and enteritis amongst infants in the London area, 1930–8

1946 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 480-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Payling Wright ◽  
Helen Payling Wright
Keyword(s):  
Representative Sample ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Medical Officer ◽  
Seasonal Distribution ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Widespread Dissemination

The present inquiry was undertaken to obtain some indication of the relative frequencies of deaths amongst infants from the various forms of diarrhoea and enteritis—‘neonatal’, ‘parenteral’ and ‘infectious’—in the Greater London area in the decade before the war. Since much of the material needed for such an analysis was not available in the published records, a sampling inquiry, making use of the more elaborate records maintained by the Medical Officer of Health, was undertaken for the Borough of Willesden. A comparison of the relevant epidemiological and social conditions in this borough with those in the Greater London area as a whole showed, that for such a purpose, it might properly be regarded as a representative sample.There was little evidence for the occurrence of the neonatal form in Willesden during the period studied, nor did the seasonal distribution of the deaths suggest that many took place in consequence of preceding parenteral infections. On the other hand, there did seem to be some evidence that a significant proportion of these deaths were in some degree associated with one another, in time or place or both, and it is suggested that this distribution might have resulted from the widespread dissemination in the community of one or more strains of some common micro-organism of relatively low virulence for all but the infant population.A less detailed study of data for other London boroughs, viz., Bermondsey, Croydon, East Ham, Tottenham and West Ham, supported the main conclusion reached from the Willesden records.

scholarly journals La guerre des six jours et la presse Française : essai d'analyse

Res Publica ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 617-644
Author(s):  
Paul Henriet
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
The Other ◽  
Complete Sample ◽  
Present Essay ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Quantitative Approaches

The present essay aims at defining the attitude of the French press towards the conflict of May/]une 1967 between Israel and Arab countries.As a thematic analysis of a representative sample of daily, weekly and monthly newspapers, covering bath periods of the preceding diplomatic antagonism and of the actual war, the article comprises a number of quantitative approaches which, as they complement each other, lead to certain conclusions in respect, on the one hand, of the particular newspaper analysed and, on the other hand, of the complete sample under observation. This method makes it possible to bring to light the fundamental pro-Israel and anti-Arab leanings of the sample, as they reflect the pre-existent attitudes of French public opinion. It also reveals that the only pro-Arab and anti-Israel newspaper are those that belang at the far left end of the sample.These factors lead to hypothesize that the disposition which favoured Israel sprung in fact not from any special sympathy towards Jewry, but from a feeling of bond with a mode of civilisation as represented by the Western and pro-Western characteristics of Israel.

De jonge Joris Van Severen

2011 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-374
Author(s):  
Lode Wils
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Catholic Religion ◽  
The Right

De Vlaams-nationalist Joris Van Severen die in 1931 een strijdorganistie van fascistische signatuur zou stichten, sympathiseerde als soldaat in 1916 en de volgende jaren met de twee Russische revoluties en met de bolsjewieken. Hij beleed het antimilitarisme, antipatriottisme en internationalisme, evenals het gebruik van geweld voor de bevrijding van Vlaanderen. Volgens de historicus Romain Vanlandschoot was hij links, democratisch en socialistisch gezind, en maakte hij pas in 1921-1922 een omzwaai naar rechts. Daartegenover stelt Lode Wils dat de dominerende plaats van de katholieke godsdienst en van de aristocratie in de maatschappijvisie van Van Severen, hem van 1916 af tekent als een man van rechts.________The young Joris Van SeverenThe Flemish-nationalist Joris Van Severen who was to found a fighting force of fascist persuasion in 1931, sympathised as a soldier in 1916 and the following years with the two Russian revolutions and the Bolshevists.  He professed antimilitarism, anti-patriotism and internationalism, as well as the use of violence for the liberation of Flanders. According to the historian Romain Vanlandschoot he was a leftist, democratic and socialist in inclination, and only switched to the right in 1921-1922. Lode Wils, on the other hand, claims that the dominating position of the Catholic religion and the aristocracy in Van Severen’s view of society marked him out from 1916 onwards as a man from the right wing.

scholarly journals Effect of Exercise on Immunological Indicators during the COVID-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 584-603
Author(s):  
Amir Hossein Ahmadi Hekmatikar ◽  
◽  
Mahdieh Molanouri Shamsi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
The Other ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Other Hand

Background and Aim: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), as a viral disease, has increasingly highlighted the need for lifelong exercise due to its immunological and physiological effects is necessary on health. In this review study, while examining the effects of moderate-intensity exercise on the physiological and immunological responses associated with COVID-19, appropriate exercise patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic are presented. Methods & Materials: In this study, the search was conducted in Web of Science, Scopus, ISC, PubMed, Google Scholar, MagIran, and Noor databases on related articles using the following keywords: coronavirus, COVID-19, exercise and coronavirus, exercise and immune system, high-intensity exercise and immune system. Ethical Considerations: All ethical principles in writing this article have been observed according to the instructions of the National Ethics Committee and the COPE regulations. Results: Moderate-intensity exercise can help boost the function of the immune system. On the other hand, high-intensity exercise can have negative effects on the immune system, which can be a bad strategy increasing the risk of infectious diseases. Results Moderate-intensity exercise can help boost the function of the immune system. On the other hand, high-intensity exercise can have negative effects on the immune system, which can be a bad strategy increasing the risk of infectious diseases. Conclusion: Due to the onset of the second wave of COVID-19 in the world, it is recommended to continue to exercise at home observing the hygiene rules (maintaining humidity and disinfecting environmental surfaces) and using appropriate intensity and duration.

scholarly journals A Double-Edged Sword Role of Cytokines in Prostate Cancer Immunotherapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenyu Mao ◽  
Yongfeng Ding ◽  
Nong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cancer Death ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
High Doses

Prostate cancer (PC) is one of the most common malignancies among men and is the second leading cause of cancer death. PC immunotherapy has taken relatively successful steps in recent years, and these treatments are still being developed and tested. Evidence suggests that immunotherapy using cytokines as essential mediators in the immune system may help treat cancer. It has been shown that cytokines play an important role in anti-tumor defense. On the other hand, other cytokines can also favor the tumor and suppress anti-tumor responses. Moreover, the dose of cytokine in cancer cytokine-based immunotherapy, as well as the side effects of high doses, can also affect the outcomes of treatment. Cytokines can also be determinative in the outcome of other immunotherapy methods used in PC. In this review, the role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of cancer and their impacts on the main types of immunotherapies in the treatment of PC are discussed.

scholarly journals Who Leads Leitkultur?

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 312-330
Author(s):  
Ernst van den Hemel
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Right ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
The West ◽  
Christian Democracy ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
The Public ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

Abstract A widely shared but understudied characteristic of the rise of right-wing conservative populism (the New Right) is the emphasis on religious-cultural identity of the West. Using phrases like ‘Judeo-Christianity’, ‘Christian values’, or ‘Christian Leitkultur’ a variety of political actors have claimed that religious-cultural identity needs to be safeguarded and enshrined in policy. As this frame is gaining traction, the question arises what this emphasis on the public importance of religion entails for those who tend to see themselves as the guardians of religious-cultural identity. In particular this article focusses on the challenges this development creates for Christian Democratic political actors. On the one hand the emphasis on the importance of ‘christian traditions’ resonates with the historical position of christian democrats, on the other hand, there are important differences between traditional christian democracy and how the New Right speaks of religion. The main aim of this article is to outline how the rise of the New Right has created a contestation about what it means to represent christian cultural identity.

scholarly journals The Role of Exercise and Physical Activity against COVID-19: A Narrative Review Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 286-297
Author(s):  
Diako Heidari ◽  
Aref Mehdipour
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
The Other ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Research Studies

The aim of this study was to understand the role of sport on covid-19 through reviewing the published literature. This was a narrative review that used valid keywords for searching the related scholarly articles. The search for the related keywords on Pubmed, Scopus, Science Direct library and Google Scholar lead to 1158 articles in 2020. After screening 28 article found eligibility to be inclouded in the review. The result indicated that physical activity and exercise play a role in preventing novel coronavirous infection and strengthening the immune system againt the covid-19. Extended Abstract Background and Objectives Since COVID-19 virus is an unknown virus which has caused alarming death toll over the past year, researchers felt implelled to take measures through doing extensive research studies in a variety of related fields to control the virus. On the other hand, exercise is known as a useful non-pharmacological method to improve the function of the immune system, so researchers in the field of sports science have done valuable research studies in this research domain, albeit limited, which can provide us with valuable information in this regard. Hence, there is a pressing need to collect and categorize these latest findings. Therefore, the very aim of this study was to review literature on the role of exercise and physical activity against the COVID-19. Material and Methods This was a narrative review, the data was collected through searching and reteriving available articles published in information resources like Medline (PubMed), Scopus , Science Direct collection, and also Google Scholar. The keywords employed for search strategy building included: "Exercise Training", "Physical Activity", "Aerobic Exercise", "Interval Training", "Resistance Training", "Endurance Training", "COVID-19", "novel Coronavirus" and "Immune System". Based on the results of our searches conducted in databases, initially 1185 articles were selected. After screening the titles and abstracts of the retrieved articles and removal of the duplicate and irrelevant ones, 59 articles were included in the reveiew stage. Then, full text of eligible articles were put underclose scrutiny which led to the final selection of only 28 articles to be studied. Results According to our review, exercise can play a role in different ways against COVID-19 diseases and novel coronavirous, which is now recognized as a global problem. These roles include preventing some underlying diseases such as hypertension, coronary artery disease and diabetes and improving immunity. Exercise lowers cortisol levels in long term, which reduces the stress induced by COVID-19, which in turn strengthens the immune system. On the other hand, doing moderate- intensity exercise can strengthen the immune system in the long run, while low-intensity or high-intensity exercise types do not bring about similar degree of adaption. Conclusion It is necessary to pay special attention to exercise training in Covid-19 pandemic period. However, it should be noted that due to the novelty of this phenomenon, limited research has been done in this area to date and more research studies are required to be done in this regard. Practical implications of research It is best for people to stay home during Covid-19 pandemic period and to have 150 minutes of moderate-intensity regular exercise during the week to boost their immune system. Ethical considerations In this review research, the ethical issues of research and fiduciary have been observed. Conflict of interest We have no conflicts of interest to disclose. Acknowledgment No sources of funding were used to assist in the preparation of this article.

Why Omissions are Special

Legal Theory ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Simester
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Good Reason ◽  
Differential Treatment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Positive Interventions ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Positive Action ◽  
The Law ◽  
Better Than

The criminal law presently distinguishes between actions and omissions, and only rarely proscribes failures to avert consequences that it would be an offense to bring about. Why? In recent years it has been persuasively argued by both Glover and Bennett that,celeris paribus, omissions to prevent a harm are just as culpable as are actions which bring that harm about. On the other hand, and acknowledging that hitherto “lawyers have not been very successful in finding a rationale for it,” Tony Honoré has sought to defend the law's differential treatment. He proposes a “distinct-duties theory” that in addition to the general duties we owe to everyone (e.g., not to inflict harm), we also owe distinct duties to a more limited collection of people and associations, specified by features of our relationship with them (we owe, for instance, duties as parents to our own children). Where a distinct duty holds, breach by omission may well be no better than breach by positive action. But absent a distinct duty, omissions, per Honoré, are less culpable. They are mere failures to intervene and improve or rectify things, whereas actions are positive interventions which make things worse. And, thus, the law has good reason to differentiate between them.

scholarly journals Sustainable Loyalty of Employees in Poland as a Result of the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 9411
Author(s):  
Anna Lipka ◽  
Małgorzata Król
Keyword(s):  
Representative Sample ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Questionnaire Research

The pandemic has triggered, on one hand, a wave of employee disloyalty in the form of quitting from non-functioning companies and choosing those seeking employees, and on the other hand, reinforcing their relationships with those companies that made a lot of effort to prevent quitting or letting employees go. The cognitive aim of this article is to answer the question of whether this transition is intended to be temporary or permanent—an issue which has not been recognized in the literature on the subject so far. The planned cognitive contribution is the verification of the hypothesis pertaining to the uneven occurrence of individual types of loyalty. The study was conducted on a nationwide, representative sample (n = 1000) with the use of the CAWI questionnaire. Research has confirmed that sustainable loyalty occurs more often than other types of loyalty. This is a balanced type of loyalty in which the commitment of the employer and the employee is equal, and the employee is attached to the organization and puts their trust in it. The obtained results were interpreted in the context of the influence of the pandemic.

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