scholarly journals The Role of Exercise and Physical Activity against COVID-19: A Narrative Review Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 286-297
Author(s):  
Diako Heidari ◽  
Aref Mehdipour
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
The Other ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Research Studies

The aim of this study was to understand the role of sport on covid-19 through reviewing the published literature. This was a narrative review that used valid keywords for searching the related scholarly articles. The search for the related keywords on Pubmed, Scopus, Science Direct library and Google Scholar lead to 1158 articles in 2020. After screening 28 article found eligibility to be inclouded in the review. The result indicated that physical activity and exercise play a role in preventing novel coronavirous infection and strengthening the immune system againt the covid-19. Extended Abstract Background and Objectives Since COVID-19 virus is an unknown virus which has caused alarming death toll over the past year, researchers felt implelled to take measures through doing extensive research studies in a variety of related fields to control the virus. On the other hand, exercise is known as a useful non-pharmacological method to improve the function of the immune system, so researchers in the field of sports science have done valuable research studies in this research domain, albeit limited, which can provide us with valuable information in this regard. Hence, there is a pressing need to collect and categorize these latest findings. Therefore, the very aim of this study was to review literature on the role of exercise and physical activity against the COVID-19. Material and Methods This was a narrative review, the data was collected through searching and reteriving available articles published in information resources like Medline (PubMed), Scopus , Science Direct collection, and also Google Scholar. The keywords employed for search strategy building included: "Exercise Training", "Physical Activity", "Aerobic Exercise", "Interval Training", "Resistance Training", "Endurance Training", "COVID-19", "novel Coronavirus" and "Immune System". Based on the results of our searches conducted in databases, initially 1185 articles were selected. After screening the titles and abstracts of the retrieved articles and removal of the duplicate and irrelevant ones, 59 articles were included in the reveiew stage. Then, full text of eligible articles were put underclose scrutiny which led to the final selection of only 28 articles to be studied. Results According to our review, exercise can play a role in different ways against COVID-19 diseases and novel coronavirous, which is now recognized as a global problem. These roles include preventing some underlying diseases such as hypertension, coronary artery disease and diabetes and improving immunity. Exercise lowers cortisol levels in long term, which reduces the stress induced by COVID-19, which in turn strengthens the immune system. On the other hand, doing moderate- intensity exercise can strengthen the immune system in the long run, while low-intensity or high-intensity exercise types do not bring about similar degree of adaption. Conclusion It is necessary to pay special attention to exercise training in Covid-19 pandemic period. However, it should be noted that due to the novelty of this phenomenon, limited research has been done in this area to date and more research studies are required to be done in this regard. Practical implications of research It is best for people to stay home during Covid-19 pandemic period and to have 150 minutes of moderate-intensity regular exercise during the week to boost their immune system. Ethical considerations In this review research, the ethical issues of research and fiduciary have been observed. Conflict of interest We have no conflicts of interest to disclose. Acknowledgment No sources of funding were used to assist in the preparation of this article.

scholarly journals Effect of Exercise on Immunological Indicators during the COVID-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 584-603
Author(s):  
Amir Hossein Ahmadi Hekmatikar ◽  
◽  
Mahdieh Molanouri Shamsi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
The Other ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Other Hand

Background and Aim: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), as a viral disease, has increasingly highlighted the need for lifelong exercise due to its immunological and physiological effects is necessary on health. In this review study, while examining the effects of moderate-intensity exercise on the physiological and immunological responses associated with COVID-19, appropriate exercise patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic are presented. Methods & Materials: In this study, the search was conducted in Web of Science, Scopus, ISC, PubMed, Google Scholar, MagIran, and Noor databases on related articles using the following keywords: coronavirus, COVID-19, exercise and coronavirus, exercise and immune system, high-intensity exercise and immune system. Ethical Considerations: All ethical principles in writing this article have been observed according to the instructions of the National Ethics Committee and the COPE regulations. Results: Moderate-intensity exercise can help boost the function of the immune system. On the other hand, high-intensity exercise can have negative effects on the immune system, which can be a bad strategy increasing the risk of infectious diseases. Results Moderate-intensity exercise can help boost the function of the immune system. On the other hand, high-intensity exercise can have negative effects on the immune system, which can be a bad strategy increasing the risk of infectious diseases. Conclusion: Due to the onset of the second wave of COVID-19 in the world, it is recommended to continue to exercise at home observing the hygiene rules (maintaining humidity and disinfecting environmental surfaces) and using appropriate intensity and duration.

scholarly journals A Double-Edged Sword Role of Cytokines in Prostate Cancer Immunotherapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenyu Mao ◽  
Yongfeng Ding ◽  
Nong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cancer Death ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
High Doses

Prostate cancer (PC) is one of the most common malignancies among men and is the second leading cause of cancer death. PC immunotherapy has taken relatively successful steps in recent years, and these treatments are still being developed and tested. Evidence suggests that immunotherapy using cytokines as essential mediators in the immune system may help treat cancer. It has been shown that cytokines play an important role in anti-tumor defense. On the other hand, other cytokines can also favor the tumor and suppress anti-tumor responses. Moreover, the dose of cytokine in cancer cytokine-based immunotherapy, as well as the side effects of high doses, can also affect the outcomes of treatment. Cytokines can also be determinative in the outcome of other immunotherapy methods used in PC. In this review, the role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of cancer and their impacts on the main types of immunotherapies in the treatment of PC are discussed.

scholarly journals PERANAN PERPUSTAKAAN DALAM1VIENINGKATKAN MINAT BACA MASYARAKAT: Survei pada Perpustakaan Umum Kotamadya Jakarta Selatan =THE ROLE OF THE LIBRARY IN IMPROVING THE READING HABIT OF SOCIETY :Survey at public library of South Jakarta district

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Deffi Kurniawati ◽  
Nunung Prajarto
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Public Library ◽  
The Other ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Reading Habit ◽  
The Public ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Research Studies

Library has social and education functions. The existence of South Jakarta public library cannot be separated from these functions. On the other hand, the reading habit of people need to be improved. The problems to be investigated thus center on the role of the public library in improving the reading habit of society. This research tries to explore the role of public library in improving the reading habit of society. In compliance with survey method emphazising on descriptive analysis, this research studies 232 respondents. The result of the study indicates that statistically significant influences apply on the role of public library in improving the reading habit : for each variables (X,) 0.022

scholarly journals A alfabetização de alunos cegos e as tendências da desbrailização: uma discussão necessária (p. 179-194)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosana Davanzo Batista ◽  
Endrius Robert Lopes ◽  
Glaucia Uliana Pinto
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Current Issue ◽  
Quality Education ◽  
The Other ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
Blind People ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Literacy Process ◽  
Blind Students

A pesquisa apresenta uma análise de resumos de trabalhos acadêmicos, teses edissertações, encontradas no Google e Google Acadêmico dos últimos 10 anos,que trazem, em suas temáticas, os processos e os modos de alfabetização do alu-no cego, considerando as atuais tendências da desbrailização. O foco das análisesforam os modos como os trabalhos tratam tais temáticas – o que acabou eviden-ciando a falta de discussão sobre como vem se dando o processo de alfabetizaçãodesses sujeitos, bem como a questão atual da desbrailização – pelo número sig-nificativo de trabalhos que acabam destacando o uso das novas tecnologias nosprocessos de alfabetização e não mencionam como se dá a utilização do Braille.No entanto, a análise dos trabalhos também evidencia que o ensino desse siste-ma, quando mencionado, ocorre principalmente no âmbito escolar. Perante taisresultados, considerou-se que há um silenciamento do uso do Braille e do papelda escola e do professor nesses processos, situação que merece maiores análisese aprofundamentos, na medida em que o papel da escola, do educador e do pró-prio Braille é central para que se possa buscar a qualidade de ensino para o alunocego, principalmente no que se refere à alfabetização.Palavras-chave: Educação dos cegos. Alfabetização em Braille. Desbrailização.The literacy of blind pupils and the trends of de-braille, a necessary discussionAbstractThis study presents an analysis of abstracts of academic papers, thesis, anddissertations found in Google and Google Scholar in the last ten years andhow themes approach the literacy processes and modes used with blind stu-dents, considering the current “de-braillization” trend. The analysis focused onhow these works dealt with such issues, which eventually showed the lack ofdebate on how the literacy process of blind subjects has been going on, as wellas the current issue of “de-braillization”. A significant number of works justhighlight the use of new technologies in literacy processes and do not mentionhow the Braille method is used. On the other hand, the analysis of these stu-dies also shows that the teaching of Braille, when mentioned, occurs mainly inschools. Given these results, we believe that there is a silencing of the use ofBraille and the school and the teacher’s role in these processes, a situation thatdeserves further analysis and insights, since the role of the school, the teacher,and Braille itself is central to a quality education for blind students, especiallywith regard to literacy.Keywords: Education of blind people. Litteracy in Braille. De-Braillization.La alfabetización de los estudiantes ciegos y tendencias desbrailización una discusiónnecesariaResumenLa investigación presenta un análisis de los resúmenes académicos, tesis y diser-taciones, que se encuentran en el Google y el Google Académico los últimos 10años, que traen en sus procesos temáticos y los modos de alfabetización estudian-tes ciegos, teniendo en cuenta la desbrailización tendencias actuales. El enfoquedel análisis fueron las formas en que estas obras tratan temas, que terminó mos-trando la falta de discusión como ha sido dando el proceso de alfabetización deestos temas, así como la edición actual de desbrailización; el importante númerode puestos de trabajo que terminan destacando el uso de las nuevas tecnologíasen la alfabetización y no mencionan cómo es el uso de Braille. Por otro lado, elanálisis de la obra también muestra que la enseñanza de este sistema, como se hamencionado, se produce principalmente en las escuelas. Teniendo en cuenta es-tos resultados, creemos que hay un silenciamiento del uso de Braille y el papel dela escuela y el maestro en estos procesos, una situación que merece mayor análisise información en la medida en que el papel de la escuela, el educador y el propioBraille es fundamental para se puede obtener la calidad de la educación para elestudiante ciego, especialmente con respecto a la alfabetización.Palabras clave: Educación Ciegos. Alfabetización en Braille. Desbrailización.

BLOCKADE OF THE SURGE OF PROLACTIN AT PRO-OESTRUS BY ADMINISTRATION OF ANTI-OESTROGENIC SUBSTANCE, MER-25

1973 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 769-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Yokoyama ◽  
Hiroshi Tomogane ◽  
Katuaki Ôta
Keyword(s):  
Strong Evidence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand

ABSTRACT A non-steroidal oestrogen antagonist, MER-25, was administered to cycling rats for elucidating the role of oestrogen in the surge of prolactin observed on the afternoon of pro-oestrus (POe). In animals injected with 20 mg of MER-25 intramuscularly on the afternoon (16.30 h) of the first day of dioestrus (D-1), the surge of prolactin was blocked while the level of prolactin on the afternoon of POe of these animals was significantly higher than that of the corresponding controls injected with oil. Ovulation was also blocked in these animals treated with the drug on the afternoon of D-l. On the other hand, treatment on the morning (10.30 h) of the 2nd day of dioestrus failed to prevent not only the surge of prolactin but also ovulation. These observations provide strong evidence for the view that oestrogen is responsible for the surge of prolactin on the afternoon of POe, and that the surge is accompanied by that of LH.

Covid-19 – rumours and facts in media

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 171-174
Author(s):  
Tarare Toshida ◽  
Chaple Jagruti
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
The People ◽  
The World

The covid-19 resulted in broad range of spread throughout the world in which India has also became a prey of it and in this situation the means of media is extensively inϑluencing the mentality of the people. Media always played a role of loop between society and sources of information. In this epidemic also media is playing a vital role in shaping the reaction in ϑirst place for both good and ill by providing important facts regarding symptoms of Corona virus, preventive measures against the virus and also how to deal with any suspect of disease to overcome covid-19. On the other hand, there are endless people who spread endless rumours overs social media and are adversely affecting life of people but we always count on media because they provide us with valuable answers to our questions, facts and everything in need. Media always remains on top of the line when it comes to stop the out spread of rumours which are surely dangerous kind of information for society. So on our side we should react fairly and maturely to handle the situation to keep it in the favour of humanity and help government not only to ϑight this pandemic but also the info emic.

Pre-eminence of Moderate to Robust Physical Activity in Battling COVID-19: A Narrative Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 934-937
Author(s):  
Tasneem M. Lakkadsha ◽  
Kiran Kumar ◽  
Waqar M. Naqvi ◽  
Pratik Phansopkar
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
The Other ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Media Platform ◽  
Being There ◽  
History Books

In January 2020, we met with COVID-19 (aka SARS-Co-V-2 and/or Corona virus) on our news channels all the way from china. Little did we know that it would shake up our lives in such a manner that we had heard only in a movie or read in history books. Currently we are all in some sort of lockdown, be it in hospital/home or in our minds. Being there, most of us are facing certain kind of misery, be it emotional, mental, physical or social. To be expansive the most common stresses that have been addressed by people on mass media platform are feeling of depression and isolation caused by being away from family and friends, some are complaining of losing their enthusiasm, some of gaining weight, some of losing it and many more. Going through a pandemic is also helping people in some or the other way, one of which is being concerned about their health and habits to keep themselves fit and away from serious comorbidities which can stem out from physical inactivity and heightened stress levels. There are many ways to stay fit at home without any complex gym equipment, but far less is known about it. Thus, an understanding of methods through which one can become physically active with least complexity, easy availability, and appropriate utilization is need of the hour.

The Policy of the EEC on Concentrative Joint Ventures

1992 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-67
Author(s):  
D.S. Nava
Keyword(s):  
Structural Change ◽  
Joint Ventures ◽  
The Other ◽  
Legal Instrument ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Philip Morris ◽  
Competition Rules

The EEC Treaty contains no specific provisions for the control of concentrations. Only the competition rules. Articles 85 and 86 EEC, could be considered as possible legal instruments for regulating concentrations. The Commission has had to examine whether and to what extent these provisions could be used to this end.The Commission's view has been that Article 85 does not apply to operations resulting in structural change, as is the case of concentrations and concentrative joint ventures. Cooperative operations, such as cooperative joint ventures, on the other hand fall to be assessed under Article 85. The Philip Morris case has made this position uncertain. According to the extensive interpretation of this judgement Article 85 is now applicable to certain concentrations and thus to concentrative joint ventures.There is no such uncertainty regarding the role of Article 86 in controlling concentrative joint ventures, for the Court has established in the Continental Can case that concentrations can be caught by Article 86.With the adoption in 1989 of the Regulation on concentration control the Commission finally has a legal instrument specifically designed to regulate concentrations. However, only concentrations and concentrative joint ventures which comply with certain turnover thresholds (the so-called concentrations or concentrative joint ventures with a Community dimension) can be assessed by the Commission under the Regulation. This means that the provisions of the Regulation can not be applied to concentrative joint ventures beneath the threshold.Because of the difficulty in distinguishing concentrative operations from cooperative ones, the Commission published the Notice regarding the concentrative and cooperative operations under the Regulation on the control of concentrations.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document