scholarly journals Prevalence and Comparisons of Alcohol, Candy, Energy Drink, Snack, Soda, and Restaurant Brand and Product Marketing on Twitch, Facebook Gaming, and YouTube Gaming

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlyn Edwards ◽  
Catherine Pollack ◽  
Sara Pritschet ◽  
Keally Haushalter ◽  
John Long ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Drinks ◽  
Energy Drink ◽  
Food Marketing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Past ◽  
Data Collection Period ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
Collection Period ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Future Work

Objective: To compare and evaluate the prevalence of food and beverage marketing on the livestreaming platforms Twitch, Facebook Gaming, and YouTube Gaming, as well as examine growth of food and beverage marketing on these platforms over a 17-month period of data collection.Design: Cross-sectional data was analyzed across three livestreaming platforms and six food and beverage categories: alcohol, candy, energy drinks, snacks, sodas, and restaurants.Setting: Stream titles of livestreamed events as well as corresponding hours watched on Twitch, Facebook Gaming, and YouTube Gaming.Participants: NoneResults: There were significant differences between food and beverage brand mentions across all three studied platforms (p<0.05), as well as hours watched (p<0.05). Energy drinks dominated food and beverage brand mentions across platforms, followed by restaurants, soda, and snacks. All platforms demonstrated growth over the 17-month data collection period. Post-hoc analyses revealed that the COVID-19 pandemic impacted both immediate and sustained growth across all platforms, with the greatest impact observed on the Twitch platform.Conclusions: Food and beverage marketing as measured through stream titles is widely prevalent across the three most popular livestreaming platforms, particularly for energy drinks. Food marketing on these platforms experienced growth over the past 17-months which was accelerated substantially by the COVID-19 pandemic. Future work should assess the sustained impact this growth may have on marketing practices and eating behavior.

Dietary Changes Among Breastfeeding Mothers

2020 ◽  
pp. 089033442095928
Author(s):  
Marina Iacovou ◽  
Peter R. Gibson ◽  
Jane G. Muir
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Mixed Methods Design ◽  
Milk Chocolate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dietary Changes ◽  
Food Avoidance ◽  
Infant Crying ◽  
The Past ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Food And Beverage

Background Breastfeeding mothers have been avoiding foods in their diet based on ancient beliefs that it can prevent/reduce unsettled infant crying–fussing behavior. Research aims This study aimed to explore (1) the prevalence of maternal dietary changes during the postpartum period; (2) the demographic and infant feeding differences between women who made dietary changes and those who did not; (3) the reasons for dietary change; and (4) what specific foods were avoided. Methods A prospective, cross-sectional 2-group comparison using an online survey mixed-methods design was advertised via social media and Australian websites. Anonymous volunteers who were presently breastfeeding or had breastfed for any length of time in the past were eligible. Results Of 1,262 participants, 966 (77%) avoided foods/beverages in their diet. The most commonly avoided beverages were alcohol (79%) and coffee (44%), and the most commonly avoided foods were chili (22%), milk-chocolate (22%), cabbage (20%), onion (20%), and garlic (16%). Reasons for dietary avoidance related to baby being unsettled (31%), baby having wind/gas (29%), colic (11%), and crying (10%). Of 245 participants who removed dairy, 80 (33%) did not substitute with calcium-rich alternatives. Food and beverage avoidance commenced as early as 1 week postpartum and continued until mean ( SD) infant age of 9 (5) months. Conclusions It is commonplace for breastfeeding mothers to avoid foods and beverages for reasons associated with infantile colic. Of major concern is the duration of food avoidance during a time of increased nutritional requirements. This information may assist in improving the nutritional support given to breastfeeding mothers.

scholarly journals Energy Drink Consumption Practices of Young People in Bahrain

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam M. Nassaif ◽  
Ghufran J. J. Alobed ◽  
Noor A. A. Alaam ◽  
Abdulla N. Alderrazi ◽  
Muyssar S. Awdhalla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Risks ◽  
Energy Drinks ◽  
Energy Drink ◽  
Sports Performance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Energy Drink Consumption ◽  
Consumption Practices ◽  
Promotion Strategies

Background: Energy drink (ED) consumption is becoming increasingly popular among young Bahrainis, who may be unaware of the health risks associated with ED consumption. To date, there have been few publications on the consumption of ED in Bahrain, particularly among adolescents. This study seeks to fill a gap in the literature on energy drink consumption practices of Bahraini adolescents.Methods: Data were collected using a previously established European Food Safety Authority questionnaire. Cross-sectional analyses were conducted on a convenience sample of 262 Bahraini students aged 10 to 18 years.Results: Most participants consumed energy drinks 2 to 3 times per week and consumed two or more cans at a time. Eighty percent of partcipants preferred energy drinks with sugar. Participants in the older age group and higher educational level consumed more ED. The majority (57%) consumed ED at home with friends as part of socialization. Notably, 60% of the parents of the respondents have not consumed energy drinks. Prominent reasons for consumption of energy drinks included: taste (40%), energy (30%), stay awake (13%), augment concentration (4%), and enhance sports performance (6%).Conclusion: Energy drink consumption is a popular socialization activity among adolescents of Bahrain. The potential health risks necessitates the need for novel health promotion strategies and advocacy efforts for healthy hydration practices.

scholarly journals Risk of Energy Drink Consumption to Adolescent Health

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyndsey D. Ruiz ◽  
Rachel E. Scherr
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Energy Drinks ◽  
Energy Drink ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Caffeine Consumption ◽  
The Past ◽  
Energy Drink Consumption ◽  
Simple Carbohydrates ◽  
National Poison Data System

Energy drinks are beverages marketed to quickly increase alertness and performance of the consumer that typically contain relatively high quantities of caffeine, simple carbohydrates, and a mixture of additional ingredients. The carbohydrate sources, usually glucose and sucrose, found in the beverages supply the substrates needed for physiological energy, while the high caffeine content supplies the perceived energy through enhancing feelings of alertness during fatigued states. Although mean youth caffeine consumption as a whole has decreased over the past 2 decades, adolescent energy drink consumption has significantly increased in the past 10 years. High energy drink consumption of youth is concerning due to the range of reported adverse reactions attributed to excessive caffeine consumption, ranging from mild sleep disturbances to death. Reactions are severe enough to require reporting to the National Poison Data System and may even require emergency medical treatment. Studies have also shown that adolescents who consume energy drinks are likely to also use tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drugs. There is substantial evidence to suggest that the risk energy drinks pose to health are incredibly hazardous and should not be consumed by children and adolescents.

A Pilot Study on the Effect of an Energy Drink on Interoception in High vs. Low Anxiety Sensitivity Individuals

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 171-187
Author(s):  
Sandra A. Mai-Lippold ◽  
Clara M. Dettlinger ◽  
Sahib S. Khalsa ◽  
Olga Pollatos
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Sensitivity ◽  
Energy Drinks ◽  
Energy Drink ◽  
Crossover Design ◽  
Psychological Effects ◽  
Small Energy ◽  
Placebo Condition ◽  
The Past ◽  
Energy Drink Consumption ◽  
Interoceptive Accuracy

Abstract. Background: The market for energy drinks has grown quickly over the past 20 years. While the physiological and psychological effects of different ingredients have been studied, the influence of energy drinks on interoceptive processes is unclear. Anxiety has been associated with amplified interoceptive functioning, suggesting potentially exaggerated reactions to energy drinks. Aims: Investigate the effect of energy drink consumption and anxiety sensitivity (AS) as well as their possible interactions on cardiorespiratory dimensions of interoception. Method: Thirty-nine healthy students consumed an energy drink via a placebo-controlled, counterbalanced, crossover design. Cardiac and respiratory interoceptive accuracy (IAcc), interoceptive sensibility (IS), and interoceptive evaluation (IE) were assessed. Heartbeat-evoked potentials (HEPs) were analyzed to evaluate neural processing of the heartbeat. Results: Consumption of one energy drink did not influence IAcc, IS, or IE. However, high AS subjects reported reduced interoceptive confidence after energy drink intake. While HEP amplitudes did not differ depending on the type of drink, high AS subjects showed reduced HEPs overall compared to low AS subjects. Heart rate was significantly lower following energy drink consumption as compared to the placebo condition. Limitations: The sample size was small, energy dosages low, and physiological parameters should be assessed in more detail. Conclusion: Energy drink consumption was associated with an interoceptive bias in high AS individuals suggesting possible interaction effects between changes in physical state, interoception, and anxiety.

Prevalence and strategies of energy drink, soda, processed snack, candy and restaurant product marketing on the online streaming platform Twitch

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (15) ◽  
pp. 2793-2803
Author(s):  
Catherine C Pollack ◽  
Jason Kim ◽  
Jennifer A Emond ◽  
John Brand ◽  
Diane Gilbert-Diamond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Drinks ◽  
Energy Drink ◽  
Food Delivery ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
Delivery Services ◽  
Media Platform ◽  
Online Streaming ◽  
The Impact

AbstractObjective:To evaluate the prevalence of food and beverage marketing on Twitch.tv (Twitch), a social media platform where individuals broadcast live audiovisual material to millions of daily users.Design:Observational analysis of the prevalence of 238 food and beverage brands in five distinct categories (processed snacks; food delivery services and restaurants; candies, energy drinks/coffees/teas; and sodas and other sugar-sweetened beverages) over the course of 18 months.Setting:Twitch streamer profiles and stream titles between January 2018 and July 2019. Twitch chat room messages during July 2019.Participants:None.Results:There was a significant increase in brand exposure on Twitch both in stream titles (sodas and candies, P < 0·05) and on streamer profiles (sodas, restaurants/food delivery services, candies, and energy drinks/coffees/teas, P < 0·05) over the 18-month study period. Energy drinks, coffees and teas had the most exposure with 1·08 billion exposure hours from profiles and 83 million exposure hours from titles. Restaurants/food delivery services and sugar-sweetened beverages were the most frequently mentioned products in chat rooms with 1·24 million messages and 1·10 million messages, respectively.Conclusions:This study is the first to demonstrate the extent by which food and beverage brands garner millions of hours of exposure on Twitch. Future studies should evaluate the impact that this level of exposure to nutrient-poor, energy-dense products may have on behavioural and health outcomes.

scholarly journals Demographic profile, pattern, practice of energy drink and substance use among undergraduate students in BPKIHS

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 85-89
Author(s):  
Ramayan Prasad Kushwaha ◽  
Namita Kumari Mandal ◽  
Bhawesh Koirala ◽  
Gajendra Prasad Rauniar
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Energy Drinks ◽  
Energy Drink ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Frequent Consumption ◽  
Group B ◽  
Use Behavior

Background: The consumption of caffeinated energy drinks is a common practice among college students. Energy drinks are believed to increase energy, stamina, wakefulness, and reduce hangover symptoms. Aims and Objective: This study aims to find out the profile, pattern, practice of energy drink and substance use among undergraduate students in BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences. Materials and Methods: It was a self-reported questionnaire based descriptive cross-sectional study. The questionnaire included demographic details, patterns of energy drink used, mixing practice of alcohol with energy drinks or other beverages, substance use behavior, and the knowledge about the main constituents of energy drinks. Alcohol mixing practice was further categorized into a) Alcohol + Energy drink mixing group, b) Alcohol + Other beverages mixing group, c) Only Alcohol group. Results: Out of 319 students, 188 (58.9%) were male. The prevalence of energy drink use was 186 (58.3%). Red Bull (176, 94.6%) was the most preferred energy drink. The use of alcohol (29, 87.9%), tobacco (20, 60.6%), and marijuana (13, 39.4%) was more prevalent in students using energy drinks on a daily basis. Thirty percent (57) alcohol user students were mixed alcohol with energy drink among them 42 (73.7%) used tobacco and 24 (42.1%) used marijuana. Conclusion: The overall energy drinks use among the students was high. The occurrence of various substance misuse was more among those students who consumed energy drink more frequently or consumed it with alcohol. Frequent consumption of energy drinks alone or mix with alcohol is not recommended.

scholarly journals Is energy drink safe? A cross sectional study on the effects of energy drink on medical students from a medical school of Nepal

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 444-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indrajit Banerjee ◽  
B Pugazhandhi ◽  
I Banerjee ◽  
B Sathian ◽  
P Nagpal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Energy Drinks ◽  
Energy Drink ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gastrointestinal Complications

Background: Energy drinks that contain caffeine, taurine, vitamins, herbal supplements, sugar or sweeteners are marketed to improve energy, weight loss, stamina, athletic performance and concentration. Recently some of energy drink has been banned in different countries like Saudi Arabia. In Nepal none of the studies has been done to report the effect of energy drink on health. The main objective of the study was to find out the effect of energy drink on health of medical students. Materials and Methods:  It was a cross sectional questionnaire based study done at Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara, Nepal on November 2013. Results: Out of 206 students 202 completed the questionnaire completely and their responses were evaluated which gives an overall response rate of 98.05%%. Out of 202 students, 88 (43.56%) students were found consuming energy drinks. The research finding revealed that most of the students who consumed energy drink were male 58%. Most of the students felt energetic after consuming energy drink. The majority of the students were from the second year 79.5%. The majority of the students, 71.6% consumed < 5 cans/week. Among the CNS manifestations students felt energetic, insomnia, euphoria, anxiety, dizziness, hallucination, headache and seizure disorder. Most of the students suffered from palpitation among the CVS manifestations. Other GIT and CVS Manifestations were discomfort, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, constipation, weight loss and chest pain. ANS and miscellaneous manifestations were also seen among the students among which increased stamina , micturation, dry mouth, sweating, burning sensation in the throat, allergic reactions, breathlessness were noted by the students. Headache and insomnia was found more prevalent in males [OR 1.836 95% (CI 0.458, 7.367)] and [OR 1.214, 95 %(CI 0.517, 2.852)], respectively as compared to female students. However, in the case of GIT manifestations viz. abdominal pain and constipation revealed that it was more prevalent among male students [OR 2.292, 95 %(CI( 0.343, 13.638)] and [OR 1.836, 95 %(CI 0.458, 7.367)]. Conclusion:  It is concluded that energy drink gives energy and increases the stamina but it produces neurologic, psychiatric, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal complications on health. Further studies are required on the same field to find out its effect on health in Nepalese population. 

scholarly journals Real Life Use of Imaging in the Management of Newly Diagnosed Patients with Myeloma- Practical Perspectives from a UK Hospital

Blood ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 134 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 5513-5513
Author(s):  
Ke Xu ◽  
Lucy Fowkes ◽  
Fenella Willis ◽  
Yasmin Reyal
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Lytic Lesion ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Data Collection Period ◽  
Cross Sectional Imaging ◽  
Collection Period ◽  
Sectional Imaging

Background: The role of imaging in myeloma has gained increasing importance over the past few years. Cross‐sectional imaging techniques such as computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and 18fluoro‐deoxyglucose (18F‐FDG) positron emission tomography (PET/CT) have increased sensitivity of detection of myeloma bone lesions compared to skeletal plain radiographs. However, there is huge variation in practice both within the United Kingdom and internationally, as to the choice of modality due to differences in access to the techniques and the subtleties of the information gained from each type of imaging. At present whole body (WB) diffusion weighted (DW) MRI is not yet available in our hospital. Aim: To review compliance of our current practice with the 2017 British Society for Haematology (BSH) guideline "Use of imaging in the management of patients with myeloma". To review the number of imaging modalities performed in newly diagnosed myeloma patients. Audit Standard Criteria range: 100%, or if not achieved, there is documentation in the case notes that explains the variance. • Patient with suspected myeloma underwent whole body MRI (WB-MRI) or CT (unless excluded due to unsuitability of procedure for the patient). • Patient without established myeloma defining event (MDE) but with bone marrow plasma cells 10-60% and/or M-protein >30g/l underwent WB-MRI, WB-CT or PET/CT. • WB/DW-MRI or PET/CT performed in the assessment of oligosecretory myeloma. • Whole spine MRI performed and reported within 24 hours of suspected cord compression in myeloma. • PET/CT or WB/DW-MRI performed in the diagnostic assessment of possible solitary plasmacytoma. Method: Data collection period was between 1st July 2017 to 30th June 2018. We included all adult patients (age at least18 years) who were newly diagnosed with myeloma or plasmacytoma in our Trust during the data collection period, and had their diagnostic imaging in our Trust.Data were retrospectively collected from multidisciplinary meeting lists, chemotherapy list, radiology department data and electronic patient record (EPR). Results: Forty patients were included in the audit, which included 31 myeloma patients, 8 smouldering myeloma patients, one plasmacytoma patient. There were no non-secretory or oligosecretory myeloma cases and there were no newly diagnosed myeloma patients presenting with suspected cord compression in our Trust during the data collection period. All patients (100%) with suspected myeloma underwent cross-sectional imaging at diagnosis. Twenty nine (73%) patients had low dose (LD) WB-CT, four (10%) had PET/CT and one (2%) had WB-MRI. Eleven (27%) had CT chest abdomen pelvis (CT-CAP) ; this latter group of patients came through the suspected cancer referral pathway. No skeletal surveys were performed for patients with newly diagnosed myeloma or plasmacytoma during the data collection period. All smouldering myeloma patients underwent LDWB-CT. All solitary plasmacytoma patients had PET/CT or WB/DW-MRI. Twenty out of 40 (50%) patients had more than one imaging modality. For the majority of these patients this comprised a CT and MRI whole spine/pelvis (40%) and 10% had a CT and PET-CT. Two patients had three modes of imaging. The main reasons for requesting MRI spine/pelvis were back pain, CT showed lytic lesion or mass in spine, CT showed equivocal lytic lesion or abnormal marrow signal in spine, CT showed no lytic lesion but clinically strongly suspected lytic lesion in spine. The main reasons for requesting PET/CT were CT showed equivocal lytic lesion, and suspected cancer. Conclusion: Our Trust has excellent compliance with the BSH guideline as all new myeloma patients underwent cross-sectional imaging with a CT. However, for half of these patients CT alone was inadequate to fully assess their bone disease, requiring an additional modality. Discussion: Patients with suspected myeloma are referred to the haematology department through different pathways, most commonly suspected myeloma and back pain (73%), and suspected cancer (27%). The route of referral often determines first imaging modality. For many patients more than one modality is required to accurately assess their bone disease, eg presence of focal lesions, active lesions, spinal cord compromise. This causes delay of making diagnosis and increased cost. Access to WB-DWI/MRI may address some if not all these issues. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

A technique to prepare cross-sectional TEM specimens of semiconducting devices

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 742-743
Author(s):  
A. K. Rai ◽  
P. P. Pronko
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Surface Region ◽  
Sample Surface ◽  
Specific Region ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
The Past ◽  
Device Structures ◽  
Ion Implanted

Several techniques have been reported in the past to prepare cross(x)-sectional TEM specimen. These methods are applicable when the sample surface is uniform. Examples of samples having uniform surfaces are ion implanted samples, thin films deposited on substrates and epilayers grown on substrates. Once device structures are fabricated on the surfaces of appropriate materials these surfaces will no longer remain uniform. For samples with uniform surfaces it does not matter which part of the surface region remains in the thin sections of the x-sectional TEM specimen since it is similar everywhere. However, in order to study a specific region of a device employing x-sectional TEM, one has to make sure that the desired region is thinned. In the present work a simple way to obtain thin sections of desired device region is described.

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