scholarly journals Constructing Theory-Informed Relational and Verifiable Protest Event Data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela Elaine Oliver ◽  
Alex Hanna ◽  
Chaeyoon Lim
Keyword(s):  
News Coverage ◽  
Event Data ◽  
Working Paper ◽  
News Sources ◽  
Integrate Theory ◽  
Record Data ◽  
Complex Events ◽  
Standard Practices ◽  
New Procedures ◽  
Multiple Actors

Protest event data are both undertheorized and riddled with inconsistencies and errors. We call for modifying standard practices in the collection and construction of protest event data from electronic archives of news sources to both improve verifiability of data and integrate theory with data construction. The key change is a relational data structure that maintains strong links between events identified by coders and the underlying textual sources. This allows study of the relation between events and news coverage of those events. An additional change is to record data on the relations among events, including both recognition of complex events involving multiple actors, dates, action forms, or locations and explicit acknowledgement of the connection of events to specific protest campaigns or episodes of contention. We present preliminary illustrative data about Black protests from these new procedures to demonstrate the value of this approach. NOTE: This is a working paper. Comments and feedback are appreciated.

scholarly journals A CONTENT ANALYSIS OF “MALAYSIAN-LAHAD DATU” CRISIS AND CRISIS RESPONSES IN ETHNIC NEWSPAPERS IN MALAYSIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (17) ◽  
pp. 132-143
Author(s):  
Manimegalai Ambikapathy ◽  
Hasmah Zanuddin
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Communication Theory ◽  
News Coverage ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Crisis Response ◽  
Attribution Of Responsibility ◽  
Response Strategies ◽  
News Sources ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Crisis Responses

This research was to examine the portrayal of crisis response strategies in Malaysian local vernacular printed dailies in covering terrorism crises which is the Lahad Datu crisis in Malaysia. The researcher relied on Situational Crisis Communication Theory (SCCT) and Framing theory to identify the news coverage and appropriate solutions through newspaper framing. Five variables were identified by the researcher in examining crisis response strategies such as news category, news slants, news framing, news sources and portrayal of visuals. Through quantitative content analysis, data revealed that the solution category was portrayed by Nanban daily, but Sin Chew focused on the problem category. For the news slants, Sin Chew daily framed negative slants of news most but Nanban daily portrayed issues in positive slants. In measuring the news frame, both dailies focused more on the attribution of responsibility frame. In examining the crisis response strategies, the researcher found, justification crisis response was portrayed predominantly but there is a significant difference between two different vernacular dailies in the portrayal of justification crisis response followed by concern crisis response. Kruskal Wallis’s test revealed that there is a significant difference in the portrayal of concern response between two dailies however, both newspapers having significant associations in portraying compensation crisis response.

Validity and Media-Derived Protest Event Data: Examining Relative Coverage Tendencies in Mexican News Media *

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelley Strawn
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
News Media ◽  
Event Data ◽  
News Sources ◽  
Media Source ◽  
Relative Coverage

This essay engages the debate over the validity of media-derived protest data through an assessment of event coverage for three Mexico news sources. With a focus on "relative"—as opposed to "absolute"—coverage tendencies, it is argued that certain coverage tendencies in news sources can be identified and, in turn, incorporated as controls into more substantive analyses of protest phenomena. Specifically, this analysis finds that that, for the Mexico media, claims that coverage is representative of all protest events is dubious with respect to the overall population of specific events and to the geographic distribution of events. At the same time, it is shown that tendencies driven by regional biases, chronology, event size, event targets, and event issues can be exposed and identified through a simple comparison of the principal media source to one or more others.

Real-Life and Virtual News Sources Can Be Flat-Out Wrong

2019 ◽  
pp. 144-162
Author(s):  
Robin Blom
Keyword(s):  
Media Literacy ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
News Coverage ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Memory Distortion ◽  
Scholarly Work ◽  
The Public ◽  
Inaccurate Information ◽  
News Sources ◽  
Academic Fields

Eyewitnesses play a very important role in news coverage. Yet, scholarly research on eyewitness misidentification and memory distortion is virtually absent in scholarly work in journalism and related academic fields. This chapter emphasizes the need for such a research agenda by analyzing the amount of mistakes student journalists made in a news report they wrote during a 20-minute classroom exercise. Each of the stories about a staged bar fight, except for one, contained pieces of misinformation because the students often blindly trusted eyewitnesses and messages on social media accounts. The results indicated that there is a need for more advanced information and media literacy modules in journalism curricula to avoid inaccurate information from eyewitnesses to be disseminated to the public.

“What’s going on” in Ferguson? Online news frames of protest at the police killing of Michael Brown

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 882-901
Author(s):  
Travis A. Riddle ◽  
Kate M. Turetsky ◽  
Julia G. Bottesini ◽  
Colin Wayne Leach
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
News Coverage ◽  
Online News ◽  
News Frames ◽  
General Audience ◽  
News Sources ◽  
Black Teenager ◽  
Racial Injustice ◽  
Police Shooting ◽  
Different Sources

Public reactions to protests are often divided, with some viewing the protest as a legitimate response to injustice and others perceiving the protest as illegitimate. We examine how online news sources oriented to different audiences frame protest, potentially encouraging these divergent reactions. We focus on online news coverage following the 2014 police shooting of a Black teenager, Michael Brown. Preregistered analyses of headlines and images and their captions showed that sources oriented toward African Americans were more likely to include content conveying racial injustice and legitimacy of the subsequent protests than sources oriented toward a general audience. In contrast, general audience sources emphasized conflict between protesters and police, making fewer references to the protesters’ cause. Whereas much work on media segregation addresses the propensity of audiences to consume different sources, our work suggests that news sources may also contribute to information fragmentation by differentially framing the same events.

Media (mis)communication on the science of climate change

1994 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan Bell
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Greenhouse Effect ◽  
Ozone Depletion ◽  
News Coverage ◽  
Environmental Issue ◽  
The Public ◽  
News Sources ◽  
Scientific Facts

Climate change has been widely reported as a scientific and environmental issue. In six months' news coverage of climate change in New Zealand, reporting of basic scientific facts was overwhelmingly accurate. News sources rated over 80% of stories no worse than slightly inaccurate. However, one story in six contained significant misreporting. Some stories overstated the advance of climate change or confused ozone depletion and the greenhouse effect. Scientific sources rated coverage overall worse than their own individual judgments showed it to be. Examination of ways in which stories came about leads to recommendations on how scientists and journalists can work together to better inform the public about climate change.

scholarly journals Two Wrongs Make a Right: Addressing Underreporting in Binary Data from Multiple Sources

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott J. Cook ◽  
Betsabe Blas ◽  
Raymond J. Carroll ◽  
Samiran Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Binary Data ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Event Data ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
News Sources ◽  
The Social ◽  
Data Generating Process ◽  
Event Model ◽  
Conflict In Africa

Media-based event data—i.e., data comprised from reporting by media outlets—are widely used in political science research. However, events of interest (e.g., strikes, protests, conflict) are often underreported by these primary and secondary sources, producing incomplete data that risks inconsistency and bias in subsequent analysis. While general strategies exist to help ameliorate this bias, these methods do not make full use of the information often available to researchers. Specifically, much of the event data used in the social sciences is drawn from multiple, overlapping news sources (e.g., Agence France-Presse, Reuters). Therefore, we propose a novel maximum likelihood estimator that corrects for misclassification in data arising from multiple sources. In the most general formulation of our estimator, researchers can specify separate sets of predictors for the true-event model and each of the misclassification models characterizing whether a source fails to report on an event. As such, researchers are able to accurately test theories on both the causes of and reporting on an event of interest. Simulations evidence that our technique regularly outperforms current strategies that either neglect misclassification, the unique features of the data-generating process, or both. We also illustrate the utility of this method with a model of repression using the Social Conflict in Africa Database.

scholarly journals Indexing

Communication ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina G. Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
News Coverage ◽  
Political Elites ◽  
Good Representation ◽  
Political Debate ◽  
Daily News ◽  
White House ◽  
News Content ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
News Sources ◽  
High Level

“Indexing” is a theory of news content and press-state relations first formulated as the “indexing hypothesis.” At its core, the indexing hypothesis predicts that news content on political and public policy issues will generally follow the parameters of elite debate: when political elites (such as the White House and congressional leaders) are in general agreement on an issue, news coverage of that issue will tend to reflect that consensus; when political elites disagree, news coverage will fall more or less within the contours of their disagreement. Put differently, those issues and views that are subject to high-level political debate are most likely to receive news attention that is wide-ranging; issues not subject to debate receive less critical attention. Indexing theory thus attempts to predict the nature of the content of news about political and policy topics. This notion of “indexing” may not be intuitively obvious at first glance, but it can be understood in terms akin to how economists use the term—as a single number calculated from an array of numbers. Thus, just as a price index tracks variation in prices for various goods and services over time, indexing theory predicts that as the degree of conflict among officials over some political or policy topic grows, so too does the degree of conflicting views found in news coverage of that topic. Conversely, at times when officials are not debating the topic, the range of views included in the news will be correspondingly smaller. Views not voiced within current elite debate will thus tend to be marginalized in news as well, particularly in times of elite consensus, yet topics treated to little critical news coverage in one time period may be treated to more expansive and critical coverage in others. According to Bennett’s foundational article, the indexing hypothesis “applies most centrally to how the range of . . . legitimate, or otherwise ‘credible’ news sources is established by journalists” (p. 107). Indexing thus offers not only an empirical theory of how daily news is constructed but also a normative framework for analyzing press performance in democracy. When the democratic process is functioning well, news that is indexed to elite debate probably offers a reasonably good representation of public opinion. But when elites do not act in good faith or when political pressures hamper elite debate, a press that merely indexes that debate may not be operating in ways that support a healthy democracy.

scholarly journals Covering Former ISIS Fighters: A Framing Analysis of the Repatriation of Ex-ISIS in the Online Coverage of Kompas and Republika

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-45
Author(s):  
Lilik Hamidah ◽  
Mevy Eka Nurhalizah
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
News Coverage ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
State Law ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Framing Analysis ◽  
News Sources ◽  
Selection Of

This paper discusses how Kompas.com and Republika.co.id framed the coverage of the repatriation of ex-ISIS members to Indonesia. This study was a qualitative study using the approach of Robert N. Entman framing analysis model. The findings revealed that Kompas.com and Republika Online framed the return of the former ex-ISIS fighters to Indonesia differently in terms of the selection of news sources, legal analysis, and approval. Kompas.com tended to choose state officials to be a source to conduct analysis based on state law and reject repatriation of ex-ISIS. Meanwhile, Republika Online tended to select religious leaders to analyse based on Islamic law and allowed them to repatriate to this country. In other words, Kompas.com focused on the principle of humanism, while Republika Online more emphasised on Islam values and nationalism in their news coverage.

scholarly journals Source Influence on Journalistic Decisions and News Coverage of Climate Change

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Public Relations ◽  
News Media ◽  
News Coverage ◽  
Climate Science ◽  
Public Relations Practitioners ◽  
News Sources ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
Information Demand ◽  
Nature Of Information

Across many parts of the globe the relationship between journalists and news sources has been transformed by digital technologies, increased reliance on public relations practitioners, and the rise of citizen journalism. With fewer gatekeepers, and the growing influence of digital and social media, identifying whose voices are authoritative in making sense of complex climate science proves an increasing challenge. An increasing array of news sources are vying for their particular perspective to be established including scientists, government, industry, environmental NGOs, individual citizens and, more recently, celebrities. The boundaries between audience, consumer and producer are less defined and the distinction between ‘factual’ and ‘opinion-based’ reporting has become more blurred. All these developments suggest the need for a more complex account of the myriad influences on journalistic decisions. More research needs to examine behind-the-scenes relations between sources and journalists, and the efforts of news sources to frame the issues or seek to silence news media attention. Also although we now know a great deal more about marginalized sources and their communication strategies we know relatively little about those of powerful multinational corporate organizations, governments and lobby groups. The shifting media environment and the networked nature of information demand a major rethinking of early media-centric approaches to examining journalist/source relations as applied to climate change. The metaphors of ‘network’ and field’ capture the diverse linkages across different spheres better than the Hierarchy of Influences model.

scholarly journals Pemetaan Berita Online tentang Imunisasi Measles Rubella Tahun 2018 di Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-36
Author(s):  
Febri Sri Lestari ◽  
Fedri Ruluwedrata Rinawan ◽  
Irvan Afriandi ◽  
Siti Karlinah ◽  
Insi Farisa Arya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
News Coverage ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Online News ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Strong Argument ◽  
News Sources ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Media ◽  
Policies And Programs ◽  
Immunization Campaign

Abstract The mass media plays a significant role in delivering health-related information to the wider society, so that it can be involved in health programs, including the Measles Rubella (MR) Immunization Campaign. The purpose of this program is to reduce the incidence of measles and rubella which has increased in the last five years in Indonesia. MR immunization coverage target must reach at least 95% in order to form group immunity to break the chain of transmission. However, as of the end of September 2018, the coverage of granting MR immunization nationally only reach 52,71%. This was published by online media throughout different regions in Indonesia with negative, neutral, or positive tendencies. Problems occur when exposure to the media with a negative perspective on vaccine impacts immunization coverage. Based on this, the research aims to map the trend of reporting on MR Immunization based on regions in Indonesia. The method used is content analysis. The object of this study is 410 online news about MR Immunization that was published during the second phase of MR Immunization Campaign, from August 1st until September 30th 2018 in Indonesia. The results of this research show that news coverage is dominated by national news, which is more representative of positive messages. Meanwhile, a province with the most news sources is Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam (NAD), which negative tendencies. NAD has the majority of moslem communities who are very sensitive on the sharia law issue. Therefore, unclear certification of vaccine halal became a strong argument to refuse and postpone the MR immunization, and based on the research protocol, this categorized as negative news. Therefore, the health promoters can develop health communication strategies to work more effectively with the media, especially in the regions, in informing health policies and programs, so that news that is published does not upset the public. Abstrak Media massa berperan dalam menyampaikan informasi kesehatan kepada masyarakat luas sehingga dapat dilibatkan dalam program kesehatan, termasuk Kampanye Imunisasi Measles Rubella (MR). Tujuan program ini adalah untuk menurunkan kejadian penyakit campak dan rubela yang meningkat dalam lima tahun terakhir di Indonesia. Target cakupan Imunisasi MR harus mencapai minimal 95% agar terbentuk kekebalan kelompok untuk memutuskan mata rantai penularan. Namun, sampai dengan akhir September 2018, cakupan pemberian Imunisasi MR secara nasional baru mencapai 52,71%. Hal ini dipublikasikan oleh media online dengan kecenderungan negatif, netral, atau positif yang diberitakan dari berbagai wilayah di Indonesia. Permasalahan terjadi ketika paparan media dengan perspektif negatif pada vaksin berdampak pada cakupan imunisasi. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memetakan kecenderungan pemberitaan tentang Imunisasi MR berdasarkan wilayah di Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis isi. Objek penelitian ini adalah 410 berita online tentang imunisasi MR yang dipublikasikan selama Kampanye Imunisasi MR fase II, 1 Agustus sampai dengan 30 September 2018 di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menggambarkan bahwa pemberitaan lebih didominasi berita berskala nasional, yang lebih menggambarkan pesan yang bersifat positif. Sementara itu, wilayah provinsi yang menjadi sumber berita terbanyak adalah Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam (NAD) dengan pemberitaan berkecenderungan negatif. NAD memiliki mayoritas masyarakat muslim yang peka terhadap permasalahan syariah. Oleh karena itu, ketidakjelasan sertifikasi halal vaksin menjadi alasan untuk penolakan dan penundaan program Imunisasi MR, yang dalam protokol penelitian ini dikategorikan berita negatif. Dengan demikian, promotor kesehatan dapat menyusun strategi komunikasi kesehatan agar bekerja lebih efektif dengan media, terutama di daerah, dalam menginformasikan kebijakan dan program kesehatan sehingga berita yang dipublikasikan tidak membuat resah masyarakat.

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