scholarly journals The Use of Information Tones in Obama’s Speech: A Phono-Pragmatic Analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahrah Hussein Shitwi ◽  
Zainab Abbodi Ali ◽  
Jinan Ahmed Khalil
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Intended Meaning ◽  
Pragmatic Analysis ◽  
Pragmatic Function ◽  
Discourse Intonation ◽  
Types Of Information

Intonation plays an important role in understanding the intended meaning of speech since neglecting the study of intonation in the discourse leads to a misunderstanding of some pragmatic meaning. This study attempts to answer these two questions: what is the pragmatic function of the information tone types that are employed in Obama’s speech concerning the termination component? and what are the pragmatic function of the proclaiming and referring tones that are employed in Obama’s speech concerning the dominance and non-dominance factor?. It aims to investigate the types of information tones in Obama’s speech concerning the termination component and dominance/non-dominance factor based on Brazil’s model (1997) of discourse intonation. This study confines itself to the American political interview and it is a qualitative study. The findings show that all the information tone types (proclaiming, referring, and level) are used in Obama’s speech and the high termination is most common level, which is used by Obama in his speech in order to emphasize the information and capture the attention of the interviewer. Generally, it was found that the dominance factor was higher than the non-dominance factor, which reflects that Obama took his status as the controller of the discourse during his speech with the interviewer and most of his speech carries contrastive information, which contradicts the interview’s expectation. This study is beneficial for foreign learners and those who are specialists in phonology and pragmatics since it can clarify the function of intonation through the interaction of participants in context.

scholarly journals “Stop Talking to People; Talk with Them”: A Qualitative Study of Information Needs and Experiences Among Genetic Research Participants in Pakistan and Denmark

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zainab Afshan Sheikh ◽  
Klaus Hoeyer
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Research Collaboration ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Research Participation ◽  
Research Participants ◽  
Mutual Engagement ◽  
Information Practices ◽  
Types Of Information

This article explores how research participants experienced information practices in an international genetic research collaboration involving the collection of biomaterial and clinical data in both Pakistan and Denmark. We investigated how people make sense of their research participation and the types of information they need and desire. We found great variation in what information exchange does and what participants experience as meaningful. For example, information practices could serve as a source of respect and recognition (in Denmark) or of hope, understanding or help when dealing with suffering (in Pakistan). Policies aimed at harmonizing ethics standards for international research do not encapsulate some of the most important aspects of information practices for the research participants involved. We suggest shifting the focus from standards of one-way information delivery to a more process-oriented form of research ethics, where the contextual exploration of local needs through a mutual engagement with participants gains more ground.

scholarly journals Lying in Arthur Miller's The Crucible: A Pragmatic Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 43-59
Author(s):  
Hadeel Mahmoud Ibrahim ◽  
Juma’a Qadir Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Controversial Issue ◽  
Complex Phenomenon ◽  
Intended Meaning ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Cooperative Principle ◽  
Pragmatic Function ◽  
Pragmatic Study

Lying is a controversial issue as it is closely related to one's intended meaning to achieve certain pragmatic functions. The use of lying in literary works is closely related to the characters’ pragmatic functions as in the case of Miller's The Crucible where it is used as a deceptive complex phenomenon that cannot be observed out of context. That is, the use of lying as a deceptive phenomenon represents a violation to Grices's Maxims. Thus, the study aims to qualitatively examine the kinds of maxims being violated, the kinds of violations conducted, the strategies followed in the violations, and the pragmatic functions behind such violations across the different categories of lies. To this end, the (30) extracts found in Miller's The Crucible have been all examined following Grice's (1975/1978) Cooperative Principle and Implicature theories. The analysis has revealed that the quality maxim was breached most of the time with a percentage of (96,6~97%), covert violation occupied (66,6~67%) (the same percentages of both prototypical lies and Intentional Deceptive Lies), fabrication was with (83%) and the pragmatic function ''to avoid punishment'' appears with (46,6~47%). This means that truthfulness was violated beside other maxims, and strategies of  fabrication. Such a violation enhances lying, and false-implicature, and intensifies the tragic end for most of the innocent characters. Minor lies are slightly concerned with plot development and events escalation. Finally, the characters lie in order to achieve certain pragmatic functions. However, the most dominant function adopted when lying was to avoid punishment.

scholarly journals Analysing Four Prosodic Forms to Convey the Pragmatic Function of Dominance and Control in L2 Monologic Discourse.

10.29007/rs8q ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raul Jimenez-Vilches
Keyword(s):  
Oral Presentation ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
Spanish Speakers ◽  
Advanced Learners ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Pragmatic Function ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Discourse Intonation ◽  
And Control

This paper reports the findings from a study of the learning of English intonation by Spanish speakers within the discourse mode of L2 oral presentation. The purpose of this experiment is, firstly, to compare four prosodic parameters before and after an L2 discourse intonation training programme and, secondly, to confirm whether subjects, after the aforementioned L2 discourse intonation training, are able to match the form of these four prosodic parameters to the discourse-pragmatic function of dominance and control. The study designed the instructions and tasks to create the oral and written corpora and Brazil’s (1994) Pronunciation for Advanced Learners of English was adapted for the pedagogical aims of the present study. The learners’ pre- and post-tasks were acoustically analysed and a pre / post- questionnaire design was applied to interpret the acoustic analysis. Results indicate most of the subjects acquired a wider choice of the four prosodic parameters partly due to the prosodically-annotated transcripts that were developed throughout the L2 discourse intonation course. Conversely, qualitative and quantitative data reveal most subjects failed to match the forms to their appropriate pragmatic functions to express dominance and control in an L2 oral presentation.

scholarly journals الصورة الذهنية للمرأة في المثل الشعبي: معالجة دلالية ومقاربة تداولية / The mental image of woman in Arabic folklore proverbs: A semantic and pragmatic approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinan Al-Tamimi
Keyword(s):  
Arabian Peninsula ◽  
Mental Image ◽  
Semantic Meaning ◽  
Pragmatic Approach ◽  
Mental Images ◽  
Spoken Discourse ◽  
Pragmatic Analysis ◽  
Pragmatic Function ◽  
The Common

ملخص البحث:  تتناول هذه الدراسة ضمن الدراسات اللسانية التي تُعنى بتحليل الخطاب الشفاهي والبحث في خصائصه، بالاستعانة بأدوات التداولية لتأويل العملية التبليغية. وهدف البحث الأساسي هو البحث عن المعنى باستخدام الوسائل الممكنة كافة في التحليل الدلالي والتداولي، وتهدف الدراسة إلى إبراز العلل الفكرية أو العنصرية ضد المرأة في ضوء مقاربات تطبيقية لبعض الأمثال الشعبية المتداولة في المجتمع العربي وتحديداً في شبه الجزيرة العربية، والتي اعتمدت في أكثرها على ما جمعه عبد الكريم الجهيمان في كتابه الأمثال في جزيرة العرب، وعلى بعض الأمثال الشفوية التي جمعتُها من كلامنا المتداول شفهياً أو كتابياً. وتوصلت الدراسة إلى أن تفاوت صيغة المثل من عبارات تحتوي على صيغة الأمر والنهي والعبارات الشرطية والنفي المركب، وأن التصور التداولي يختلف عن المعنى الدلالي الذي ارتبط بحكاية إنتاج المثل لأول مرة، وأن الأمثال الشعبية قد تُستخدم في سياق مؤيد لها وقد تُساق للاعتراض عل محتواها والسخرية منها؛ لأنها تناقض المبادئ الحضارية والإنسانية.   الكلمات المفتاحية: المثل الشعبي- الخصائص - الدلالة- التداولية- الصورة الذهنية.   Abstract: This study is within the framework of linguistics that attempts to analyze spoken discourse and discuss its characteristics through pragmatic tools to interpret the process of communication. The study primarily aims to seek the meaning through semantic and pragmatic analysis to uncover negative or chauvinistic implications about women in some similes taken from the spoken folklore discourse in the Arab society in particular in the Arabian Peninsula. The samples were taken primarily from the collection of Dr. ’Abdel Karīm al-Jumaiḥan entitled al-Amthal fī Jazīrati al-’Arab (Proverbs in the Arabian Peninsula). This is in addition to what the researcher collected from the common spoken or written proverbs in the Arab folklore. The study concluded that proverb had various expressions that consist of imperative, prohibitive, conditional and compound negative construction. Semantic meaning is different from pragmatic function that is related to the background story of the proverb used to support; object of ridicule the context if it is violates the human civilizational norms. Keywords: Folklore proverbs- characteristics- Semantic- Pragmatic-Mental images.   Abstrak: Kajian ini dijalankan dalam kerangka pengkajian linguistik yang cuba menganalisa wacana pertuturan serta ciri-cirinya melalui instrument pragmatik bertujuan untuk menginteprasi proses komunikasi. Kajian ini secara amnya cuba untuk meninjau aspek makna melalui analisa pragmatik dan semantic untuk menyingkap implikasi negatif atau cauvinistik tentang imej wanita  di dalam beberapa bidalan yang diambil daripada wacana pertuturan rakyat di dalam masyarakat Arab terutamanya di Semenanjung Tanah Arab. Sampel kajian diambil kebanyakannya daripada koleksi yang dikumpulkan oleh Dr. ‘Abdel Karīm al-Jumaiḥan yang diperoleh daripada buku beliau bertajuk ‘Al-amthal fī Jazīrati al-‘Arab. (Kata bidalan di Semenanjung Tanah Arab) Ini adalah disamping beberapa koleksi bidalan tambahan yang dikutip daripada wacana bertulis dan pertuturan di dalam tradisi rakyat Arab. Kajian ini merumuskan yang kata bidalan mempunyai bentuk pernyataan yang mengandungi makna suruhan, larangan, syarat dan bentuk penafian. Makna semantik didapati berbeza daripada fungsi pragmatik yang terkait dengan latar cerita kata bidalan yang berkenaan yang bertujuan samada untuk menyokong cerita tersebut, menyanggah atau menyindir konteks penceritaan itu sekiranya ia menyimpang daripada norma ketamadunan manusia.   Kata kunci: Kata bidalan rakyat- ciri-ciri – semantik – pragmatic – bayangan mental.

scholarly journals Swearing Using Body Parts in the Jordanian Setting: A Socio-Pragmatic Analysis Faculty of Educational Sciences and Arts (UNRWA)

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 42-49
Author(s):  
Sameer Hamdan ◽  
Omar Abdullah Al-Haj Eid
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Pragmatic Approach ◽  
Connotative Meaning ◽  
Pragmatic Analysis ◽  
Pragmatic Function ◽  
The Face ◽  
Male University Students

The study aimed to identify swearing using body parts in the Jordanian setting as a social phenomenon used by male university students. The corpus of the study included (100) male university students. A socio-pragmatic approach was adopted to analyze the data. The study employed Simak Libat Cakap technique in addition to the qualitative method to analyze the data of the study. The analysis of data showed that the face was the most frequent body part used in swearing followed by the head. The main findings revealed that swearing is dominantly used to express a socio-pragmatic function of angriness, especially when swearers feel angry with their disputers. Swearing functions as a vehicle for releasing tension and anger and proved to be powerful in exchanging insults. The study concluded that swearers usually do not mean what they say. Swearing mostly includes non-literal meanings like idioms. Therefore, it should not be interpreted literally; otherwise, it will lose its connotative meaning. 

scholarly journals Beyond Tweets: Pragmatic Analysis of Humor as a Brand Image in Burger King’s Tweets

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-23
Author(s):  
Marti Fauziah Ariastuti ◽  
Amadhea Naidriya Putri
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Functional Analysis ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Brand Image ◽  
Business Communication ◽  
Communication Strategy ◽  
Knowledge Resources ◽  
Pragmatic Analysis ◽  
Pragmatic Function ◽  
Twitter Account

AbstrakSalah satu bentuk populer strategi berkomunikasi adalah menggunakan humor. Meskipun telah banyak studi yang meneliti hubungan antara humor dan semantik dalam konteks periklanan, masih sedikit yang mendiskusikan hubungan antara cuitan (tweet) humor, komunikasi bisnis, dan pragmatik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk (1) menginvestigasi konstruksi cuitan humor berdasarkan delapan knowledge resources dan (2) mendiskusikan fungsi pragmatiknya. Penelitian ini menggunakan versi panjang dari General Theory of Verbal Humor oleh Attardo (Tsakona, 2013), yang dilengkapi dengan analisis fungsi teks oleh Brinker. Data penelitian terdiri dari 111 cuitan humor dari akun twitter resmi Burger King dari tahun 2016 hingga tahun 2018  yang telah diseleksi berdasarkan teori Style Humor Used (Martin, Puhlik-Doris, Larsen, Gray, & Weir, 2003). Pemilihan tahun tersebut didasarkan pada adanya korelasi positif antara penggunaan strategi humor di media sosial dengan peningkatan performa penjualan Burger King. Hasil penelitian ini adalah: (1) Burger King menggunakan konstruksi humor yang berbeda di akun cuitannya, terutama pada Script Opposition, Language Mechanism, Target, dan Konteks; dan (2) Cuitan humor yang digunakan Burger King mempunyai fungsi yang berbeda-beda, yaitu untuk mempersonalisasikan merek (2016), meminta pelangganan untuk melakukan sesuatu (2017), dan mempromosikan produk (2018).                                                    AbstractOne of the most popular forms of communication strategy is humor. Although various studies have accounted the relation of humor and semantics in advertisement context, relatively little has discussed the link between humor tweets, business communication, and pragmatics. Therefore, the main aim of this study is to (1) investigate the construction of humor tweets based on eight knowledge resources and (2) discuss its pragmatic function. The study applies the extension version of Attardo’s General Theory of Verbal Humor (Tsakona, 2013), complemented with Brinker’s text functional analysis. Selected based on style humor used (Martin et al., 2003), the data for the study consist of 111 humor tweets from Burger King Twitter account between the year 2016 and 2018. The three years are selected because there seems to be a positive corellation between the use of humor strategy in social media and Burger King’s sales during those years. A key finding is that Burger King: (1) applies different construction of humor in Burger King’s Twitter account, especially in Script Opposition, Language Mechanism, Target, and Context; and (2) uses different function of the humor tweets for personalizing the brand (2016), asking the customer to do some act (2017), and promoting the products (2018).

scholarly journals Appraising and Handling COVID-19 Information: A Qualitative Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (19) ◽  
pp. 10382
Author(s):  
Morhaf Al Achkar ◽  
Matthew J. Thompson ◽  
Diem Nguyen ◽  
Theresa J. Hoeft
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Information Flow ◽  
Information Overload ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Quality Of Information ◽  
Related Information ◽  
New Information ◽  
Types Of Information

Background. The coronavirus pandemic brought vast quantities of new information to the public for rapid consumption. This study explored how people most impacted by the pandemic have judged and perceived the quality of information regarding COVID-19 and regulated the information flow. Methods. This was a qualitative study of semi-structured interviews developed as a pragmatic study targeting several groups most impacted by the pandemic. Participants were identified through convenience, purposive, and snowball sampling methods. They were interviewed by phone or video conference. Results. Twenty-five participants were interviewed between 6 April 2020 and 1 May 2020. In terms of verifying information and judging its quality, people judged information by the source. People compared information across sources and attempted to verify the quality. Most felt self-assured about their capacity to judge information. Regarding the quality of information, many participants felt the information was skewed or inaccurate. Contradictory information was confusing, especially with a strong suspicion of ulterior motives of information sources impacting trust in the provided information. Yet, some recognized the iterative process of healthcare-related information. In terms of regulating information flow, many participants perceived flooding with information. To counter information overload, some became selective with types of information input. Many developed the habit of taking breaks periodically. Conclusion. Improving risk communication in a pandemic is of paramount importance. Organizations working in public health must develop ways to regulate information flow in collaboration with trusted community partners. Individuals also must develop strategies to improve information management.

scholarly journals A Pragmatic Analysis of a Selected Presidential Funeral Eulogy

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (118) ◽  
pp. 15-46
Author(s):  
Rana Yousuf AbdulLateef ◽  
Suadad Fadhil Kadhum ◽  
Nawar Hussein Rdhaiwi
Keyword(s):  
Intended Meaning ◽  
Language Form ◽  
Grief Process ◽  
Pragmatic Analysis ◽  
President Bush ◽  
Literary Devices

A eulogy, delivered at the crux of pain and happiness, is a transformative language tool that helps to maneuver expressions of grief into more useful emotions that will help those experiencing grief process it properly and appropriately allow it to run its course and accept its many stages. The word “eulogy” is derived from Greek word εὐλογία, which stands for “praise” signifies that it utilizes positive rhetoric in order to focus nostalgia on comforting memories. Eulogy is redemption of dark circumstances, and a persuasive language form which resounds with hope and a look toward a future changed. Eulogy is a persistent language, seeking through wreckage, trauma, and grief to find the thread of hope that will bring society through. Eulogy is composed of many distinctive types, and employs specific literary devices in order to achieve the objective of calming comfort and acceptance. The paper carries out a pragmatic analysis Eulogy used in well- known political figures' funerals. This study aims at specifying the intended meaning in English eulogy through handling a pragmatic analysis of (eulogy) in the funeral of well-known political figures. It aims also at surveying the types and distribution of eulogia devices in praising speech with specifying the literary aspects that distinguish the meaning of eulogy in such speeches. The study is limited to the pragmatic analysis of eulogy delivered at Reagan's funeral by President Bush in 2004.

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