OPTIMIZATION OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANNING IN PROCESSING PLANT RAW MATERIALS

2021 ◽  
pp. 176-184
Author(s):  
Irina V. Sobol ◽  
Anastasia V. Kazakevich ◽  
Lyudmila V. Donchenko ◽  
Vladimir G. Griguleckij
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Experimental Planning

scholarly journals Heavy Metals and Microelements in the System "Soil – Plant – Product of Plant Processing"

2021 ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
М.А. Сенченко ◽  
М.В. Степанова
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Migration Ability ◽  
Oil Refineries ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Additional Operation ◽  
Plant Product ◽  
Plant Processing

В России при производстве национальных напитков и продуктов питания используют сырьё растительного происхождения. Многие участки для возделываемых культур расположены вблизи урбанизированных районов, нефтеперерабатывающих и машиностроительных заводов. Исследования посвящены определению тяжёлых металлов в почвах урбанизированных и сельских районов Ярославской области и проведены в 2019–2020 гг. Целью данного исследования является определение содержания некоторых микроэлементов и тяжёлых металлов в почве, ревене и продукте его переработки – квасе, произведённом разными способами (рассматривались 2 технологии: технология с дополнительной операцией «вымачивание стеблей ревеня» и «настаивание стеблей ревеня и дополнительных ингредиентов» и технология с дополнительной операцией «варка стеблей ревеня и дополнительных ингредиентов»). При исследовании загрязнения почвы микроэлементами и тяжёлыми металлами на всех территориях превышения предельно допустимых концентраций не выявлено. Установлено, что по величине среднего содержания в водной вытяжке почвы исследуемые элементы на всех рассмотренных территориях региона образуют следующий убывающий ряд: железо > свинец > цинк > медь > мышьяк > кадмий. Более высокие концентрации цинка, железа, кадмия, свинца и мышьяка выявлены в урбанизированной территории, а меди – в сельской территории. Анализ миграционной способности элементов в системе «почва – растение – продукция растительного происхождения» показал наличие плохой миграционной способности для цинка и железа. Использование растительного сырья, произведённого по технологии органического производства и по разработанной технологии переработки растительного сырья, способствовало наименьшему воздействию на его составные части, увеличению содержания макро- и микроэлементов. При этом содержание токсичных элементов остаётся в пределах действующих нормативных документов. Технология, включающая дополнительную операцию «варка», обеспечила наибольшую экстракцию макро- и микроэлементов из ревеня в квас. In Russia, raw materials of plant origin are used in the production of national beverages and food products. Many areas for cultivated crops are located near urbanized areas, oil refineries and mechanical engineering plants. Researches are devoted to the definition of heavy metals in soils of urbanized and rural areas of the Yaroslavl region and were carried out in 2019–2020. The purpose of this study is to determine the content of some microelements and heavy metals in soil, rhubarb and its processing product – kvass produced in various ways (2 technologies were considered: technology with an additional operation "soaking rhubarb stems" and "infusing rhubarb stems and additional ingredients" and technology with an additional operation "boiling rhubarb stems and additional ingredients"). When investigating soil contamination with microelements and heavy metals in all territories, no excess of maximum permissible concentrations was found. It was established that in terms of the average content in the water extract of the soil, the examined elements in all the considered territories of the region form the following decreasing series: iron > lead > zinc > copper > arsenic > cadmium. Higher concentrations of zinc, iron, cadmium, lead and arsenic were found in urbanized territory, and copper in rural territory. An analysis of the migration ability of elements in the system "soil – plant – product of plant processing" showed the presence of poor migration ability for zinc and iron. The use of plant raw materials produced according to the organic production technology and the developed technology for processing plant raw materials contributed to the least impact on its components, an increase in the content of macro- and microelements. At the same time, the content of toxic elements remains within the limits of existing regulatory documents. The technology, including an additional "boiling" operation, ensured the greatest extraction of macro- and microelements from rhubarb to kvass.

scholarly journals MODERN INNOVATIVE STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES FOR PROCESSED FRUIT AND VEGETABLE PRODUCTS (REVIEW)

2018 ◽  
pp. 84-89
Author(s):  
S. V. Glazkov ◽  
S. V. Koptsev ◽  
N. A. Lesnikova ◽  
V. V. Bogdanova ◽  
T. K. Volodarskaya
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Edible Films ◽  
Biodegradable Plastics ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Vegetable Products ◽  
The Impact

The article analyzes modern technologies for storing fruit and vegetable products and presents possible options for their modernization. From this perspective, the improvement of canning technology using non-traditional methods of processing plant raw materials is an urgent task, the solution of which will allow preserving fruit and vegetable products, reduce the amount of waste and reduce the impact of vegetable processing plants on natural water bodies. Fruits and vegetables are perishable products and require special storage conditions from the moment they are available for sale to purchase by consumers. Keeping them fresh for as long as possible is quite a challenge, as some plants are able to continue maturing even after packaging and produce ethylene, which initiates certain changes in texture and color, tissue degradation. The authors pay special attention to the aspects of innovative technologies in the creation of edible films and coatings, which are currently the only type of biodegradable polymer packaging that does not require individual collection and special conditions of disposal. This is their main difference from traditional biodegradable plastics, which were originally proposed as an alternative to synthetic polymeric materials, and all were convinced that their creation once and for all will solve the problem of waste polymer packaging, which today threatens to become a global environmental disaster. At the same time, they are always more expensive than conventional plastics, in many cases can not be subjected to joint recycling; being in the deep layers of the landfill, they emit greenhouse gas methane. In addition, the raw materials for biodegradable plastics are provided by the same soil and water resources on which food is grown today (except for a very small amount of plastics produced from agricultural waste), and therefore their raw material base will always be limited. Recommendations are formulated on the organization of effective conservation of plant raw materials, intended for further processing or sale in retail and wholesale trade networks.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF PREPARATIONS OBTAINED FROM CARBOXYMETHYLATED PLANT RAW MATERIALS ON GROWTH PROCESSES, YIELD AND BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF WHEAT GRAIN

2021 ◽  
pp. 361-368
Author(s):  
Elena Vladimirovna Kalyuta ◽  
Mikhail Ilyich Maltsev ◽  
Vadim Ivanovich Markin ◽  
Elena Ivanovna Mashkina
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Dilution Effect ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Growth Processes ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Small Plot

Studies of the effect of biological products obtained from carboxymethylated products of processing plant raw materials on the growth and development of spring wheat (pre-sowing treatment of seeds with an aqueous solution of 150 g per 1 ton of seeds per 10 L of water) showed that the studied drugs influenced the growth processes of the culture. The activation of the growth and development of wheat in the first phases was traced, from the germination of grain (the appearance of embryonic roots), to the formation of a more powerful tillering of the culture. The studied preparations contributed to an increase in wheat yield in a small-plot experiment by 30–43%, in a field experiment – by 15%, in production conditions – by 21–32%. An increase in wheat yield under the influence of growth regulators does not always accompany an increase in the protein and gluten content in the grain. The direction of the change in the protein concentration in grain towards a decrease (for example, according to the non-fallow precursor, in the presence of the limiting nitrogen factor in the soil) can be defined as the "growth dilution effect" due to an increase in the yield per unit area, as well as productive tillering decisive influence on the degree of uniform ripening and grain quality.

A new method for the production of compote from grapes in self-exgaustible glass jars 1-82-500

2022 ◽  
pp. 21-23
Author(s):  
Магомед Эминович Ахмедов ◽  
Мафият Магомедовна Рахманова ◽  
Амият Фейзудиновна Демирова
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Food Products ◽  
New Method ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Thermal Sterilization ◽  
Technology Of Production

Проблема повышения пищевой ценности консервируемых пищевых продуктов в герметически укупоренной таре может быть успешно решена на основе интенсификации процесса тепловой стерилизации. В работе представлены результаты исследований по совершенствованию технологии производства консервированного компота из винограда с использованием самоэксгаустируемой тары и интенсификации процесса тепловой стерилизации, являющейся наиболее широко используемым методом консервирования пищевых продуктов, совершенство которой во многом определяет пищевую ценность готового продукта. Известно, что продолжительность и температурный уровень стерилизационного процесса существенно могут изменить качественный и количественный состав витаминов, белков, углеводов, минеральных и органических кислот и других веществ, что зачастую приводит к снижению пищевой ценности продукта. На основе оценки традиционного стерилизационного режима разработаны и предложены новый способ и режимы стерилизации, которые обеспечивают сокращение продолжительности тепловой обработки более чем на 30 % и повышение пищевой ценности готовой продукции. Установлено, что предварительное повышение температуры продукта и использование самоэксгаустируемых стеклобанок обеспечивают сохранение витамина С в готовом продукте на 0,8 мг/% выше, чем по традиционной технологии. Полученные результаты представляют интерес для реализации на предприятиях по переработке растительного сырья. The problem of increasing the nutritional value of canned food products in hermetically sealed containers can be successfully solved by intensifying the process of thermal sterilization. The paper presents the results of research on improving the technology of production of canned compote from grapes using self-exgaustible containers and intensifying the process of thermal sterilization, which is the most widely used method of preserving food products and the perfection of which largely determines the nutritional value of the finished product. It is known that the duration and temperature level of the sterilization process can significantly change the qualitative and quantitative composition of vitamins, proteins, carbohydrates, mineral and organic acids and other substances, which often leads to a decrease in the nutritional value of the product. Based on the assessment of the traditional sterilization regime, a new method and modes of sterilization have been developed and proposed, which provide a reduction in the duration of heat treatment by more than 30 % and an increase in the nutritional value of the finished product. It was found that the use of a preliminary increase in the temperature of the product and the use of self-exgaustible glass jars ensures the preservation of vitamin C in the finished product by 0.8 mg/% higher than by traditional technology. The results obtained are of interest for implementation at plants processing plant raw materials.

scholarly journals COMBINED MOBILE SUPER CRITICAL CO2 EXTRACTION PLANT

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4(37)) ◽  
pp. 16-23
Author(s):  
V. Gurin ◽  
V. Kuts ◽  
S. Maloshtan ◽  
V. Barkholenko ◽  
O. Kashuba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supercritical Co2 ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Supercritical Co2 Extraction ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Complete Set ◽  
Loading And Unloading ◽  
Improved Design ◽  
New Generation

A detailed description of an experimental mobile installation of a new generation, its complete set and the possibilities of supercritical CO2-extraction for processing plant raw materials are presented. New engineering solutions in the operation of a mechanical system were demonstrated, including an improved design of a high gas pressure throttle valve installed in storage tanks and innovations in the system for loading and unloading raw materials using removable nozzles. The operating parameters of the functional elements and their resource are indicated.

scholarly journals Low-waste innovative production technology for canned quince compote, enriched with natural nutrients

2021 ◽  
Vol 938 (1) ◽  
pp. 012010
Author(s):  
M.M. Rakhmanova ◽  
M.E. Akhmedov ◽  
A.F. Demirova ◽  
Z.A. Abdulkhalikov ◽  
N.G. Zagirov
Keyword(s):  
Initial Temperature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Microwave Treatment ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Secondary Products ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Plant Raw Materials

Abstract The enterprises processing plant raw materials generate a fairly large amount of waste (secondary products), which can play an important role in solving food, environmental, and energy problems. This work improves the technology for the production of canned quince compote using a two-stage microwave heating of fruits and fruits filled with syrup prepared from infusion obtained from secondary products of cutting and peeling. It has been established that two-stage heating of fruits and microwave treatment of fruits filled with syrup in a glass jar promote an increase in the initial temperature of the product in the jars before sealing and thereby reduces the heat treatment modes. The infusion obtained from the secondary products of the heat-treated fruits provides a significant increase of biologically active components in the finished product. The experimental studies were used to construct a mathematical model for calculating the initial temperature of the product before sterilization, which makes it possible to establish intensive pasteurization modes. New modes of pasteurization of quince compote in various containers have been established. Physicochemical studies confirm the high quality of the finished product in terms of the content of biologically active components.

Economic and mathematical approach to optimization of vacuum-freeze drying of the enzyme preparation inulinase Bacillus polymyxa 29

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
K. K. Polyansky
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Preparation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Bacillus Polymyxa ◽  
Vacuum Sublimation ◽  
Enzyme Preparations ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Plant Polymer

One of the promising directions of improving the processes of processing plant raw materials is bioconversion using enzyme preparations, the use of which allows you to significantly change, intensify and improve existing technologies for the production of food products as a system of energy-efficient processes. The subject of the study is the enzyme preparation of inulinase Bacillus polymyxa 29, which ensures the conversion of the plant polymer inulin to fructose. Fructose has an increased interest in food technologies as a safer human health alternative to sucrose. Fructose yield reaches 90–95%; the sweetness coefficient of fructose is 1.73 times higher than sucrose. Production of enzyme with maximum activity is achieved by vacuum-sublimation drying at time-programmed mode of heat supply control taking into account limitations due to quality of heat exchange and economic feasibility of the process. Method of selection of optimal solutions in vacuum-sublimation drying of feather preparation Bacillus polymyxa 29 according to profit index is proposed. The proposed approach resolved the main technical gap between productivity and energy consumption. An optimal loading of the sublimator has been established, which ensures the minimization of specific electric power consumption for various values of the initial moisture drying of the enzyme, taking into account the given efficiency of the vacuum sublimation dryer.

COBALT AND CADMIUM CONTENT IN PLANT TISSUES OF TECHNOGENIC ZONE

2020 ◽  
pp. 80-87
Author(s):  
О. N. Nemereshina ◽  
◽  
G. V Petrova ◽  
А. V. Filippova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Cadmium Content ◽  
Aboveground Part ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Gas Processing ◽  
The One

The collection of heavy metals in soils is a threat to public health and agriculture. Wild and cultivated plants are able to accumulate significant amounts of heavy metals, which on the one hand allows the use of phytopreparations to correct microelement exchange and eliminate hypomicroelementosis. The work shows the results of study of the content of cobalt and cadmium in wastewater, soil and the aboveground part of medicinal and forage plants in the fields of wastewater irrigation located in the sanitary protection zone of Orenburg gas processing plant. 9 types of plants used in medical and veterinary practice in Russia were selected for the study. Water, soil, and plant samples were collected at the end of June from 2018 to 2020. The TM content was determined on the basis of the interdepartmental complex analytical laboratory of FSBEI HE «Orenburg state agrarian university» by atomic absorption spectroscopy using the «Spektr-5» atomic absorption spectrometer (Russia). The ability of species to accumulate cadmium and cobalt in the aboveground part (assimilating and generative organs) was determined. According to the results of the research, the ability of the studied plants to control to a certain extent the intake of cobalt and cadmium from the environment to generative and assimilating organs is seen. Specific differences in the nature of accumulation of cobalt and cadmium in the aboveground part of the studied plants were determined. The results of the study may be of interest for planning enterprises for phytoremediation of technogenically polluted soils and evaluating the quality of medicinal and feed plant raw materials.

scholarly journals Obtaining a concentrated sugar syrup from cell juice of new sugar sorghum varieties

2021 ◽  
pp. 178-181
Author(s):  
Е.С. Романенко ◽  
Е.А. Миронова ◽  
Т.С. Айсанов ◽  
М.В. Селиванова ◽  
Н. А. Есаулко ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
The North ◽  
Sugar Syrup ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Materials Used

Представлены результаты исследования новых линий сортов сахарного сорго селекции ФГБНУ «Северо-Кавказский федеральный научный аграрный центр» для создания качественно новой комплексной безотходной технологии переработки экологически безопасной продукции растениеводства для производства функциональных напитков с улучшенными потребительскими свойствами. В зависимости от вида используемого сырья, можно получить новые интересные вкусовые характеристики напитка. В качестве натуральных ингредиентов использовали нетрадиционное растительное сырье - сахарное сорго. В статье представлены данные по морфологическим признакам и показатели содержания сахаров в соке стеблей новых линий сахарного сорго: Л.7812 (57), Л.8611 (58), Л.7813 (56), Л.7859 (60), Ларец 63 и расчетный выход сиропа с 1 га посева. Авторами подробно описана технология переработки растительного сырья и получения концентрированного сиропа. Впервые в практике научных исследований разработана комплексная, безотходная технология переработки сахарного сорго для производства концентрированного сахарного сиропа и дальнейшего его использования с целью получения функциональных напитков с улучшенными функциональными потребительскими свойствами. Актуальность работы и научно-техническая значимость состоит в подборе новых сортов сахарного сорго, технологии выделения клеточного сока из стеблей и приготовления концентрированного сахарного сиропа. Таким образом, на основании проведенных исследований были получены результаты, которые представляют интерес для использования сахарного сорго в сельскохозяйственном производстве (для корма животных и перерабатывающей промышленности, для производства продуктов питания, в том числе функционального назначения). Вся информация представлена в табличном виде с разделением изучаемых сортов, указаны основные морфологические признаки и показатели содержания сахаров в соке стеблей сортов сахарного сорго и расчетный выход сиропа с 1 га. This paper provides information about research on new lines of sugar sorghum varieties selected by the North Caucasian Federal Scientific Agrarian Center to create a brand new, innovative, integrated, waste-free technology for processing environmentally friendly crop products for the production of functional drinks with improved consumer properties. Depending on the type of raw materials used, you can get completely new interesting flavor characteristics of the drink. In the study, an unconventional plant raw material, sugar sorghum, was used as a natural ingredient. The paper presents data on morphological characteristics and indicators of sugar content in the juice of stems of new lines of sugar sorghum: L. 7812 (57), L. 8611 (58), L. 7813 (56), L. 7859 (60), Larets 63 and estimated yield of syrup from 1 hectare of sowing. The authors of the article described in details the technologies for processing plant raw materials and obtaining concentrated syrup. For the first time in the practice of scientific research, a comprehensive, waste-free technology for processing sugar sorghum has been developed for the production of concentrated sugar syrup and its further use for functional drinks with improved functional consumer properties. The relevance of the work and the scientific and technical significance lies in the selection of new varieties of sugar sorghum, technology for isolation of cell juice from stems of sugar sorghum and preparation of concentrated sugar syrup. Thus, on the basis of the studies carried out, promising results for the use of sugar sorghum in agricultural production for animal forage and the processing industry for food production, including functional purposes, were obtained. All information is presented in tabular form with the division of the studied varieties. Main morphological signs and indicators of sugar content in the juice of stems of sugar sorghum varieties and the estimated yield of syrup per hectare are indicated.

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