scholarly journals Using Decagon EC-5sensors for monitoring soil moisture

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
N. A. Shaporina ◽  
E. A. Sayb
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Technical Specification ◽  
Moisture Flux ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
High Data ◽  
Wide Range

The aim of the study. To assess the possibilities of using the Decagon EC-5 sensor in research practice, especially under the conditions of its stationary installation; and to study with its help the dynamics of soil profile moistening and moisture migration under different weather conditions. Location and time of the study. The study was carried out on the territory of the Ust-Kamensky (forest-steppe) research station of the Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (55.005507 N, 83.858635 E). The object of the study was the dark gray forest soil (Luvic Greyzemic Phaeozem). Five Decagon EC-5 sensors were installed at 9, 13, 18, 22 and 27cm depths in a small (30cm deep) soil pit and connected to the Em50 recorder. The necessary calibration was carried out beforehand. The sensors functioned from June 13 to July 7, 2017. Main results. The study showed that this device is suitable for a wide range of applications. According to the sensor readings, it was possible to trace the migration of moisture within the soil profile, as well as to differentiate it into gravitational and capillary water, as well as to establish the fact of precipitation with an accuracy of an hour and to calculate the precipitated amount. Statistical analysis of the obtained data showed low values of data variance and the coefficient of variation, which indicated high data homogeneity. The use of these sensors can improve the traditional flood method for determining the maximum soil water holding capacity. Moreover, detailed recording of soil moisture, provided by Decagon EC-5 sensors, in combination with Thermochron sensors for soil temperature recording, allows to study quantitative indicators of thermal gradient moisture flux at a new level. Conclusions. The study showed that Decagon EC-5 sensors comply with their technical specification and have good prospects for usage both in research and agricultural production. Provided its preliminary calibration and producing the calibration curves for the studied soils, the sensors allow quick and accurate measurement of the soil volumetric moisture content. The frequency and rate of sensor readings takes research on the dynamics and migration of moisture in soils to an entirely new level.

scholarly journals Examination of the physical state of the soil under conventional and reduced tillage systems

2013 ◽  
pp. 183-186
Author(s):  
Géza Tuba
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Tillage Systems

he effect of reduced and conventional tillage systems on soil compaction and moisture content in two years with extreme weather conditions is introduced in this paper. The investigations were carried out in a long-term soil cultivation experiment set on a heavy textured meadow chernozem soil at the Karcag Research Institute. In 2010 the amount of precipitation during the vegetation period of winter wheat was 623.3 mm, 2.2 times higher than the 50-year average, while in 2011 this value was 188.7 mm giving only 65% of the average. The examinations were made after harvest on stubbles on 4 test plots in 5 replications in the case of each tillage system. Soil compaction was characterised by penetration resistance values, while the actual soil moisture contents were determined by gravimetry. The values of penetration resistance and soil moisture content of the cultivated soil layer were better in the case of reduced tillage under extreme precipitation conditions. It could be established that regular application of deep soil loosening is essential due to the formation of the unfavourable compact soil layer under 30 cm. Conventional tillage resulted in enhanced compaction under the depth of ploughing, the penetration resistance can reach the value of 4 MPa under wet, while even 8 MPa under dry soil status.

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of G2T FSO Link Under Various Weather Conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.30) ◽  
pp. 562
Author(s):  
Wafi A. Mabrouk ◽  
M. F.L Abdullah ◽  
M. S.M Gismalla
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Free Space Optical ◽  
Eye Diagram ◽  
High Data ◽  
Received Power ◽  
Data Rates ◽  
Last Mile ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Effectiveness And Efficiency

FSO technology has attracted a lot of popularity for a variety of applied telecommunication fields. It presents a wide range of advantages that place it in the frontier of high data rates applications, last mile problem and bottleneck issues. It has been preferred for its ease of deployment without fiber cables, no extra tariff fees, cost-effectiveness, and efficiency. FSO excels in performance when compared to contemporary RF technology. On the other hand, there is an increased demand for alternative rail communications solutions. In order to deliver a safer, reliable and fast internet access. In this paper, performance evaluation of a ground-to-train Free Space Optical link communication (G2T FSO) was performed. The system was simulated at 2.5 Gb/s link under several weather conditions. Receiver and geometrical loss were included as well. Furthermore, performance was evaluated in terms of received power, Q factor, BER and eye diagram. Substantial vulnerability to severe fog attenuation was found. Although the system was able to operate with acceptable eye height with min BER of 10-38.  

An equation to predict the leaching of surface-applied nitrate

1975 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. G. Burns
Keyword(s):  
Soil Profile ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Mean ◽  
New Equation ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Good Agreement

SUMMARYThe fraction (f) of surface-applied nitrate leached below any depth h cm in a uniform soil profile may be calculated from the equationwhere P is the quantity of water draining through the soil (in cm) and Vm is the percentage volumetric field capacity. The fraction of nitrate retained is then (1—f).This equation has been tested using published data. Values of h corresponding to the mean displacement (f = 0·5) were calculated for a wide range of soil and weather conditions and the results compared with mean displacements measured in the field. Similar comparisons were made with the leaching equation of Rousselle (1913) and Levin (1964). The new equation gives good agreement with the observed data, whereas the Rousselle-Levin equation generally overestimates the mean displacement of nitrate. Methods of applying the equations to field situations are discussed.

EFFECTS OF BORON AND CALCIUM SPRAYS AND OF MULCH ON CRACKING OF ITALIAN PRUNE

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 827-831 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. CLINE ◽  
G. TEHRANI
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Prunus Domestica ◽  
Foliar Sprays ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fruit Surface

Cracking, a disorder of the fruit of Prunus domestica L., cult Italian (Fellenberg) (Italian prune), occurs on any part of the fruit surface and over a wide range of stage of fruit development. Several treatments were examined to reduce the extent of this disorder in five commercial orchards in the Niagara Peninsula of Ontario. Foliar application of calcium reduced the severity of cracking in several orchards. Cracking was related to the calcium concentration in the fruit but not in the leaf tissue. A mulch applied to conserve soil moisture, or foliar sprays of boron, or both, were unsuccessful in preventing this disorder. The severity of cracking varied from orchard to orchard and year to year and was not related to weather conditions.

scholarly journals Influence of Sleep–Wake Patterns on the Body’s Adaptive Capabilities During Antarctic Wintering

2021 ◽  
pp. 138-144
Author(s):  
Valentin A. Dey ◽  
◽  
Svetlana V. Polishchuk ◽  
Vladimir M. Pokrovskiy
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Sleep Pattern ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Work Intensity ◽  
Adaptive Capabilities ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Wake Patterns

This article studies the influence of the sleep pattern (duration of uninterrupted sleep and rhythm of sleep periods) on the condition of the body’s adaptive resources during a year-round stay at a research station in Antarctica. We compared two cases that coincide in most parameters of daily life (living conditions, influence of environmental factors, level of social contacts, anthropometric data, and health status), but differ in terms of day regimen due to work activities. To assess the body’s adaptive capabilities, the index of regulatory and adaptive status (IRAS) was used, calculated by parameters obtained by the method of cardio-respiratory synchronism. The first subject (a radio operator) showed IRAS dynamics coinciding with deterioration and improvement of environmental conditions (daylight hours, weather conditions) affecting the Antarctic station staff, which was a predicted result. The second subject (a meteorologist) demonstrated a fundamentally different dynamics of the body’s adaptive capabilities: during deterioration of environmental conditions, the body’s adaptive resources increased due to lower work intensity and, as a result, a significant improvement in the sleep pattern. IRAS dynamics showed that the amount and quality of sleep has a more significant impact on human health than adverse weather conditions (storms). This opens up a wide range of opportunities to compensate for unavoidable adverse environmental conditions and help to preserve, as much as possible, the capacity for work in members of polar expeditions during wintering, as sudden decompensation can cause disruption to ongoing programmes at the research station. For citation: Dey V.A., Polishchuk S.V., Pokrovskiy V.M. Influence of Sleep–Wake Patterns on the Body’s Adaptive Capabilities During Antarctic Wintering. Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 2021, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 138–144. DOI: 10.37482/2687-1491-Z051

Approaches to definition of complex influence of major components of agriculture on productivity agrophytocenoses and soil fertility

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (90) ◽  
pp. 10-21
Author(s):  
P.I. Boyko ◽  
D.V. Litvinov ◽  
N.G. Buslaeva ◽  
N.P. Kovalenko ◽  
O.V. Demidenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Main Factors

The purpose - to determine the most productive crop rotation with a corresponding set, ratio and placement of field crops for different ways of basic soil tillage, fertilizer levels and weather conditions. Identify the main parts of the interplay of farming on soil fertility, productive and sustainable land use. Methods. Field, laboratory, comparative and analytical. Conclusions. U article summarizes experimentally developed and theoretically grounded and economically approved agri-environmental and biological basis of efficiency scientifically based crop rotation of different rotation group left bank steppe of Ukraine with optimal saturation ratio and placement agrophytocenoses depending on fertilization, tillage methods that enhances fertility and stabilization soil, increase quality agricultural products obtained by reducing the cost of its production. Objective scientific information that could serve as a basis for the development of modern agriculture can only be obtained by an integrated approach to the formulation of research in the field of long multifactor stationary experiment, conducted in the NSC "Institute of Agriculture NAAS." Establishing quantitative patterns of action the main factors in its comprehensive and manifestation of the separation opens up opportunities to create sustainable crop production technologies and development of soil fertility management. Besides great theoretical interest, they immediately practical. Long-term studies (1975-2015 gg.) Typical black soil unstable wetting left-bank forest-steppe Drabiv Experimental Station (now the experimental field) Cherkassy DSHDS NSC "Institute of Agriculture NAAS" set action and mutual influence of crop rotation, fertilizers, basic soil, weather agrophytocenoses on productivity and soil fertility. In view of climate change and market relations, ecological factor rotation is stabilizing soil-plant system for current and future agriculture. It selectively acts on mutual share of productivity crops grown on various soil cultivation technologies, reveals the features of formation of indicators of soil fertility, especially the humus balance and quality. The leading factor in the performance of field crop rotation is: after placing the best predecessors in the application of optimal doses of fertilizers and differentiated cultivation provides a stable grain yield at 5.5-6.5 t / ha. Collecting fodder units 1 hectare of crop rotation area was 10.8 and digestible protein 0,68-0,70 t / ha. Preference is for crop rotation with cereals 80%: 20% peas, 20 - winter wheat, 40% corn. In terms Panfyly research station on the same soil in average for 2004-2013 years. Short rotation driving and the effects of crop rotation and use of fertilizers on the characteristics of water and nutritious regime of soil, humus balance and nutrients, microbial activity processes, weed-infested state of agricultural crops. The meaning of income and quality of plant residues. The dependence of productivity, economic and energy efficiency different rotation types of field rotation. The technique for conducting reconstruction programs researching and the portion of the main factors of interference farming system and weather conditions on land use management.

scholarly journals ПШЕНИЦА МЯГКАЯ ОЗИМАЯ: ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ПЛАСТИЧНОСТЬ БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ И ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ МАРКЕРОВ

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-318
Author(s):  
V. V. Moskalets ◽  
T. Z. Moskalets ◽  
S. P. Vasylkivskyi ◽  
I. V. Grynyk ◽  
A. G. Vovkohon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Technological Characteristics ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Dietetic Food ◽  
New Cultivars

<p>The priority in studying new lines and varieties of common winter wheat was their ecological plasticity by biological and technological markers. It was revealed that for stability and plasticity on the basis of seed production the varieties and lines are divided into stable, narrow and wide-adaptive ones, the latter of which are characterized by a wide range of ecological valence (with high and medium variability and homeostasis, with variance of stability which is close to zero, and with environmental factor plasticity which is greater than one). We studied new cultivars and lines of hexaploid сommon winter wheat from Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University and Nosovka Breeding and Research Station of V.M. Remeslo Mironovka Institute of Wheat by seed production, technological indicators of grain, flour and bread quality. The new perspective highly productive and ecologically plastic varieties and lines of сommon wheat are: Yuvivata 60, Zoriana Nosivska, Nosshpa100, L3-95, KS 14, KS 22-04. According to representative criteria, the most promising genotypes, which are the main products in Forest-Steppe of Ukraine and high-quality raw materials for bakeries and bioethanol were identified. It was found that technological characteristics of grain, flour and bread of new cultivars and lines of common wheat meet the modern requirements for production of dietetic food and bioenergy products, that is important and relevant in the context of food security in Ukraine.</p>

scholarly journals Application of Sentinel-1B Polarimetric Observations to Soil Moisture Retrieval Using Neural Networks: Case Study for Bare Siberian Chernozem Soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 3480
Author(s):  
Konstantin Muzalevskiy ◽  
Anatoly Zeyliger
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Agricultural Field ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Soil Surface Roughness ◽  
The Relationship

Sentinel-1 is currently the only synthetic-aperture radar, which radar measurements of the earth’s surface to be carried out, regardless of weather conditions, with high resolution up to 5–40 m and high periodicity from several to 12 days. Sentinel-1 creates a technological platform for the development of new globally remote sensing algorithms of soil moisture, not only for hydrological and climatic model applications, but also on a single field scale for individual farms in precision farming systems used. In this paper, the potential of soil moisture remote sensing using polarimetric Sentinel-1B backscattering observations was studied. As a test site, the fallow agricultural field with bare soil near the Minino village (56.0865°N, 92.6772°E), Krasnoyarsk region, the Russian Federation, was chosen. The relationship between the cross-polarized ratio, reflectivity, and the soil surface roughness established Oh used as a basis for developing the algorithm of soil moisture retrieval with neural networks (NNs) computational model. Two NNs is used as a universal regression technique to establish the relationship between scattering anisotropy, entropy and backscattering coefficients measured by the Sentinel-1B on the one hand and reflectivity on the other. Finally, the soil moisture was found from the soil reflectivity in solving the inverse problem using the Mironov dielectric model. During the field campaign from 21 May to 25 August 2020, it was shown that the proposed approach allows us to predict soil moisture values in the layer thickness of 0.00–0.05 m with the root-mean-square error and determination coefficient not worse than 3% and 0.726, respectively. The validity of the proposed approach needs additional verification on a wider dataset using soils of different textures, a wide range of variations in soil surface roughness, and moisture.

scholarly journals Key Features and Adverse Weather of the Named Subtropical Cyclones over the Southwestern South Atlantic Ocean

Atmosphere ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Reboita ◽  
Rosmeri da Rocha ◽  
Débora Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Vertical Wind Shear ◽  
Moisture Flux ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
South Atlantic ◽  
South Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Brazilian Coast ◽  
Adverse Weather Conditions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Adverse Weather

This work documents the main features of six subtropical cyclones occurred between the years 2010 and 2016 over the southwestern South Atlantic Ocean, near the Brazilian coast, which received names (with the exception of one) from the Brazilian Navy Hydrographic Center. The fine-resolution ERA5 reanalysis and rainfall estimates from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) were used to describe the synoptic environment and the adverse weather conditions during the six events. The support of a small-amplitude trough at mid-levels or a cut-off low, weak vertical wind shear, and moisture flux convergence are the main features contributing to the subtropical cyclogenesis at the surface. On the other hand, sea surface temperature (SST) presents a secondary contribution since the cyclones develop over the ocean with a wide range of SST values (from 22.5 °C to 28.6 °C in the initial phase of cyclones). The six subtropical cyclones are less deep in the atmosphere column than the tropical ones and, unlike the extratropical cyclones, they have little or no westward tilt with an increase in height. The studied subtropical cyclones produced adverse weather conditions such as (a) strong winds (reaching 17 m·s−1 at 10 m high) for a long period occurring east/southeastward of the cyclone center, and (b) high amounts of rainfall along the southeastern coast of Brazil, where the accumulated rainfall varied between 170 to 350 mm, being in most cases higher than the monthly climatology. Over the continent, the Brazilian states of Rio de Janeiro and Espírito Santo were the most affected by the intense rainfall associated with the cyclones.

Irrigation regime and water consumption of potatoes in the Republic of Bashkortostan, depending on the reclamation condition of lands

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (6) ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
Guzel Gumerova ◽  
Georgiy Gulyuk ◽  
Dmitry Kucher ◽  
Anatoly Shuravilin ◽  
Elena Piven
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Total Water Consumption ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
Irrigated Lands ◽  
The Republic

Data of long-term researches (2015–2018) in southern forest-steppe zone of the Republic of Bashkortostan, is justified theoretically and experimentally the mode of irrigation of potatoes on leached chernozems of unsatisfactory, satisfactory and good ameliorative condition of irrigated lands. For the growing periods of potatoes with different heat and moisture supply, the number of watering, the timing of their implementation, irrigation and irrigation norms are established. On lands with unsatisfactory meliorative state the number of irrigation depending on weather conditions of potato vegetation period varied from 0 to 3 (1.5 on average) with average irrigation norm – 990 m3/ha. With satisfactory meliorative state of lands the number of irrigation on average increased from 0 to 4 (2.3 on average) with irrigation norm – 1305 m3/ha. On lands with good meliorative state the number of irrigation was the highest – from 1 to 5 (3 on average) with average irrigation irrigation norm is 1653 m3/ha. It was noted that in the dry periods of potato vegetation the greatest number of watering was carried out (3–5 watering), and in the wet periods (2017) watering was not carried out except for the area with a good reclamation state, where only one irrigation was carried out by the norm of 550 m3/ha. Water consumption of potato was studied in dynamics as a whole during the growing season and the months of the growing season depending on weather conditions of vegetation period and land reclamation condition of irrigated lands, as well as in the control (without irrigation). The lowest total water consumption was in the area without irrigation and averaged 226.8 mm. In irrigated areas, its values increased to 319-353.4 mm. The average daily water consumption varied from 2.12 to 3.3 mm. The highest rates of potato water consumption were observed in June and July, and the lowest – in May and August. In the total water consumption of potatoes on the site without irrigation, the largest share was occupied by atmospheric precipitation and in addition to them the arrival of moisture from the soil. Irrigation water was used in irrigated areas along with precipitation, the share of which was 30.2–46.1 %.

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