scholarly journals ПШЕНИЦА МЯГКАЯ ОЗИМАЯ: ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ПЛАСТИЧНОСТЬ БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ И ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ МАРКЕРОВ

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-318
Author(s):  
V. V. Moskalets ◽  
T. Z. Moskalets ◽  
S. P. Vasylkivskyi ◽  
I. V. Grynyk ◽  
A. G. Vovkohon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Technological Characteristics ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Dietetic Food ◽  
New Cultivars

<p>The priority in studying new lines and varieties of common winter wheat was their ecological plasticity by biological and technological markers. It was revealed that for stability and plasticity on the basis of seed production the varieties and lines are divided into stable, narrow and wide-adaptive ones, the latter of which are characterized by a wide range of ecological valence (with high and medium variability and homeostasis, with variance of stability which is close to zero, and with environmental factor plasticity which is greater than one). We studied new cultivars and lines of hexaploid сommon winter wheat from Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University and Nosovka Breeding and Research Station of V.M. Remeslo Mironovka Institute of Wheat by seed production, technological indicators of grain, flour and bread quality. The new perspective highly productive and ecologically plastic varieties and lines of сommon wheat are: Yuvivata 60, Zoriana Nosivska, Nosshpa100, L3-95, KS 14, KS 22-04. According to representative criteria, the most promising genotypes, which are the main products in Forest-Steppe of Ukraine and high-quality raw materials for bakeries and bioethanol were identified. It was found that technological characteristics of grain, flour and bread of new cultivars and lines of common wheat meet the modern requirements for production of dietetic food and bioenergy products, that is important and relevant in the context of food security in Ukraine.</p>

scholarly journals Rattail fescue (Vulpia myuros) interference and seed production as affected by sowing time and crop density in winter wheat

Weed Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Muhammad Javaid Akhter ◽  
Per Kudsk ◽  
Solvejg Kopp Mathiassen ◽  
Bo Melander
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Crop Density ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Field experiments were conducted in the growing seasons of 2017 to 2018 and 2018 to 2019 to evaluate the competitive effects of rattail fescue [Vulpia myuros (L.) C.C. Gmel.] in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and to assess whether delayed crop sowing and increased crop density influence the emergence, competitiveness, and fecundity of V. myuros. Cumulative emergence showed the potential of V. myuros to emerge rapidly and under a wide range of climatic conditions with no effect of crop density and variable effects of sowing time between the two experiments. Grain yield and yield components were negatively affected by increasing V. myuros density. The relationship between grain yield and V. myuros density was not influenced by sowing time or by crop density, but crop–weed competition was strongly influenced by growing conditions. Due to very different weather conditions, grain yield reductions were lower in the growing season of 2017 to 2018 than in 2018 to 2019, with maximum grain yield losses of 22% and 50% in the two growing seasons, respectively. The yield components, number of crop ears per square meter, and 1,000-kernel weight were affected almost equally, reflecting that V. myuros’s competition with winter wheat occurred both early and late in the growing season. Seed production of V. myuros was suppressed by delaying sowing and increasing crop density. The impacts of delayed sowing and increasing crop density on seed production of V. myuros highlight the potential of these cultural weed control tactics in the long-term management programs of this species.

scholarly journals Using Decagon EC-5sensors for monitoring soil moisture

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
N. A. Shaporina ◽  
E. A. Sayb
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Technical Specification ◽  
Moisture Flux ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
High Data ◽  
Wide Range

The aim of the study. To assess the possibilities of using the Decagon EC-5 sensor in research practice, especially under the conditions of its stationary installation; and to study with its help the dynamics of soil profile moistening and moisture migration under different weather conditions. Location and time of the study. The study was carried out on the territory of the Ust-Kamensky (forest-steppe) research station of the Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (55.005507 N, 83.858635 E). The object of the study was the dark gray forest soil (Luvic Greyzemic Phaeozem). Five Decagon EC-5 sensors were installed at 9, 13, 18, 22 and 27cm depths in a small (30cm deep) soil pit and connected to the Em50 recorder. The necessary calibration was carried out beforehand. The sensors functioned from June 13 to July 7, 2017. Main results. The study showed that this device is suitable for a wide range of applications. According to the sensor readings, it was possible to trace the migration of moisture within the soil profile, as well as to differentiate it into gravitational and capillary water, as well as to establish the fact of precipitation with an accuracy of an hour and to calculate the precipitated amount. Statistical analysis of the obtained data showed low values of data variance and the coefficient of variation, which indicated high data homogeneity. The use of these sensors can improve the traditional flood method for determining the maximum soil water holding capacity. Moreover, detailed recording of soil moisture, provided by Decagon EC-5 sensors, in combination with Thermochron sensors for soil temperature recording, allows to study quantitative indicators of thermal gradient moisture flux at a new level. Conclusions. The study showed that Decagon EC-5 sensors comply with their technical specification and have good prospects for usage both in research and agricultural production. Provided its preliminary calibration and producing the calibration curves for the studied soils, the sensors allow quick and accurate measurement of the soil volumetric moisture content. The frequency and rate of sensor readings takes research on the dynamics and migration of moisture in soils to an entirely new level.

Cutivation of grasses as the basis for arable farming biologization and forage production optimization under various conditions of the south of Central Siberia

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
В.Ф. Кадоркина ◽  
М.С. Шевцова
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Optimization ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Land Restoration ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Dry Steppe ◽  
Arable Farming ◽  
Wide Range

На примере трёх агроэкологических районов Хакасии показано влияние почвенно-климатических и ландшафтных особенностей территории на структуру растениеводства и развитие животноводства. Основные посевные площади в республике занимают зерновые и кормовые культуры. За период 2000–2019 годов относительно 1990 года произошло уменьшение посевных площадей по республике в 2,6 раза, по агроэкологическим районам — соответственно в 2,3; 2,3 и 1,6 раза. Доля кормовых культур в структуре посевов по Хакасии за 2000–2019 годы составляет 51,9%, в сухостепном — 79,5%, степном и лесостепном районах — 48,3 и 48,5%. Показатели плодородия почвы по содержанию гумуса показывают, что в республике в целом почвы пашни содержат 4,7% гумуса, наименьшее содержание — в сухостепном районе (3,5%). В настоящее время 84,6% пахотных земель характеризуются низкой и средней обеспеченностью подвижным фосфором. Поэтому переход земледелия на биологическую основу предусматривает восстановление деградированных агроландшафтов и сохранение плодородных свойств почв за счёт широкого внедрения травосеяния. Среди кормовых культур за период 2000–2019 годов на однолетние травы приходится по республике 27,6% и по районам — 18,0, 29,8, 36,3%; на многолетние травы — соответственно 63,1, 82,0, 52,5, 56,3%. В республике в 2019 году естественные сенокосы составили 160,4 тыс. га (8,3%), пастбища — 1019,8 тыс. га (53,3%). Их состояние требует проведения комплекса мероприятий, включающих использование технологий поверхностного и коренного улучшения. Для увеличения посевов трав необходимо существенное улучшение состояния семеноводства. Для повышения эффективности семеноводства однолетних и многолетних трав в республике необходим комплекс мер по совершенствованию форм его организации и специализации для создания единой системы размножения, начиная с питомника первичного семеноводства суперэлитных, элитных и репродукционных семян. The effect of the environment of three districts in Khakassia was tested on crop production and animal husbandry. Most farm lands are occupied by grain and forage crops in the Republic of Khakassia. In comparison to 1990 farm land area decreased by 2.6 times there for 2000–2019 as well as by 2.3, 2.3 and 1.6 times — in the districts studied, respectively. Forage crop proportion amounted to 51.9% for 2000–2019, in the dry steppe — 79.5%, steppe and forest steppe — 48.3 and 48.5%. Farm lands contained 4.7% of humus, the lowest concentration being in the dry steppe (3.5%). Currently 84.6% of farm lands show average to low content of soluble phosphorus. Biologization of arable farming will be focused on land restoration and maintaining soil fertility via the introduction of wide range of grasses. The proportion of annual forage grasses totally amounted to 27,6% for 2000–2019, in the districts — 18.0, 29.8, and 36.3%; perennial grasses — 63.1, 82.0, 52.5, 56.3%, respectively. In 2019 the acreage of natural haylands amounted to 160.4 thousand ha (8.3%), pastures — 1019.8 thousand ha (53.3%). The poor condition of farm lands requires the complex of effective tillage techniques. To increase the area of grass cultivation improved seed production is needed. Optimization of seed production includes the development of a unified reproduction technology starting from a nursery of primary seed growing.

Yield and quality of wheat grain with mild winter wheat depending on the variety and seeding rate in different soil and climatic conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (91) ◽  
pp. 44-50
Author(s):  
I.V. Petunenko ◽  
S.M. Kalenska ◽  
P. Liebhard
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Control Variant

In Ukraine and Austria in 2012 − 2014 was researched the features of yield formation and grain quality of six varieties winter wheat of Ukrainian and Austrian selection with different seeding and fertilizing rates. Field research conducted in three field experiments: 1) Right Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine (PC NULES “Agronomic Research Station,” v. Pshenychne Vasylkiv district, Kyiv region); 2) zone of sufficient moisture in Austria (Wald und Myulfirtel, p. Kauttsen, North of Lower Austria); zone of unstable moisture of Austria (Nordostlyhes Flah und Hyuhelland, v. Leopoldsdorf, East of Lower Austria). Field multifactor experiments was laid on the same pattern in each of the farms in 2012 – 2014: variety (factor A); rate of nitrogen nutrition (factor B), seeding rate (C factor). Were chosen six varieties, genetically different by baking quality and origin: strong varieties – Lybid, Joseph, Midas, Capo; valuable – Balaton, Polis’ka90. Nitrogen was applicated by next four graduation(with introduction during vegetation under phases: autumn tillering – ВВСН 10-21 / spring tillering – ВВСН 25-29 / booting – ВВСН 30-31 Earing – ВВСН 51- 59): D1 – control without nitrogen; D2 – 120 kg / ha a.i .(0/60/60/0); D3 – 180 (0/60/60/60); D4 – 150 kg / ha a.i. (30/60/60/0). The article presents experimental data from two options of nitrogen supply – con­ trol without nitrogen (D1) and the maximum standards for nitrogen fertilization in three applying – 180 (0/60/60/60) kg / ha a.i. (D3). Seeding rate: 3,0; 4.0 and 5.0 million germinated seeds per hectare. Phosphorus and potassium – 90 kg a. i., applied as background during primary tillage. Preceded of winter wheat – winter rape. In average during years of research the highest yield made – 9.07 tonnes / ha in conditions of East Austria (p. Leopoldsdorf), North Austria (p. Kauttsen) – 9,42 and Right Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine (v. Psenychne) – 8.65 t / ha with application of nitrogen (D3). In control variant was observed significant fluctuations in yield – from 3.51 (v. Psenychne) to 5.21 t / ha (v. Leopoldsdorf). There is significant dependence between wheat yields with weather conditions of the year. Find out the optimum seeding grades for conditions of Ukraine and Austria. Estimation of the ecological plas­ ticity and stability of winter wheat varieties were studied. Determinants of wheat quality formation were acertained. The highest mass fraction of protein was achieved by growing strong varieties and introduction of 180 kg / ha N (D3) in all experiments, in average of the study years, in section of soil and climatic conditions (untypical droughty 2012 for v. Leopoldsdorf was excluded). The highest protein content in conditions of Right-Bank Forrest-Steppe of Ukraine obtained at level 15.8%; East Austria – 15.4% and North Austria – 15.0%. Control variant, without nitrogen, allowed to evaluate the potential of soil and variety in the studied environmental conditions – the aver­ age protein content in grain in conditions of Austria reached 12.2% (v. Leopoldsdorf) and 12.4% (v. Kauttsen), of Ukraine – 11.6% (v. Psenychne).

Dependence of field germination and survival of chamomile plants on vegetation and agro-technical factors

2020 ◽  
pp. 128-136
Author(s):  
T. Padalko
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Plant Survival ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Right

The purpose of the research was to study the essence of ensuring high germination of seeds and survival of chamomile plants depending on the variety, seeding rate and sowing time in the Right-bank Forest Steppe. Chamomile plants have been found to be signifi cantly responsive to the soil and climatic conditions of the region, which has led to uneven seedlings, so it is important to investigate agrotechnological techniques aimed at increasing of seed germination energy and simultaneity of sprouts. The agrobiological features of medicinal plants cultivation in the conditions of the RightBank Forest Steppe, in particular, of chamomile (Matricaria recutita), which is most used in offi cial and folk medicine among medicinal plants due to the presence of various biologically active substances in it, were investigated. The study was conducted with samples of chamomile plants in the area of the Right-bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine (field of study (IE Prudyvus), a branch of the department of Podilsky State Agrarian and Technical University), taking into account all the requirements of the methodology of the research case. The following results were obtained: the period of vegetation of chamomile was mainly dependent on the sowing time, the duration ranged from 83 to 240 days; fi eld germination of chamomile plants in the average for 2017‒2019 was in the range of 71‒89 %; the maximum rate of plant survival at the end of the growing season was 93 %, which was obtained on the variant of autumn sowing with a sowing rate of 6 kg/ha in the Perlyna of the Forest-steppe, the minimum indicator was noted 72 % for the summer sowing with a sowing rate of 8 kg/ha in the Bodegold variety; the germination and survival rate exceeded the control by 10‒13 %. Today, this crop is quite widespread and is cultivated independently of the fi rst established cultivation areas and existing research stations of medicinal plants, and in particular, as a culture of a wide range of use of raw materials both in Ukraine and abroad. Key words: chamomile, variety, seeding rate, sowing period, fi eld germination, plant survival, vegetation factors.

Productivity of rape of winter wheat depending on the timing of sowing and seeding rates

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (91) ◽  
pp. 63-68
Author(s):  
A.V. Yunyk
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Environmental Sciences ◽  
National University ◽  
Leaf Surface Area ◽  
Winter Rapeseed ◽  
Factor C

Established the results of studies of crop photosynthetic characteristics and formation performance of winter rape. The aim of our research was to study the influence of sowing seeds and seeding rates on photosynthetic activity and productivity agrophytocenoses forming hybrid rape. The study was conducted in 2009-2014. In the stationary field experiment at the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine»Agronomic Research Station» and in the laboratory analytical research department of crop National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine.  During the studies used conventional methods for research in agronomy. The subject of research were hybrids of winter rapeseed firm Syngenta NKTechnikandNK Petrol. The technology used – is common to forest steppe zones except investigated elements. Predecessor – winter wheat. The rate of mineral fertilizers – N30P60K105 + N30 + N30. The scheme of the experiment was supposed to study the following factors: Factor A – hybrids; Factor B – sowing; Factor C – seeding norms. The highest leaf surface area of hybrids formed in period BBCH 62-65 in a variant of normal seeding 0,6 million germinated seeds per 1 ha and sowing 20-25 August. The greatest weight of dry matter (13.23 t/ha) formed hybrid plants in NK Petrol variant of 20-25 August sow­ ing and seeding rate 0.6 milliongerminated seeds per 1 ha. Compared to the 25-30 August and sowing seed rate of 0.4 milliongerminated seeds per 1 hectare increase of 1.8 t/ha. The highest seed yield an average of 5 years formed agrophytocenoses winter rapeseed sowing NK Petrol on 20-25 August and Calibration 0.6 milliongerminated seeds per1 hectare – 4.24 t/ha, which is more of a control option for the same period to 0.28 t/ha.

Microstructural characterization of laser-melted/roller-quenched dicalcium silicate

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 582-583
Author(s):  
C. J. Chan ◽  
K. R. Venkatachari ◽  
W. M. Kriven ◽  
J. F. Young
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Shape Change ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Particle Size Effect ◽  
Dicalcium Silicate ◽  
Laser Melting ◽  
Uniform Size ◽  
Cell Shape Change ◽  
Wide Range

Dicalcium silicate (Ca2SiO4) is a major component of Portland cement. It has also been investigated as a potential transformation toughener alternative to zirconia. It has five polymorphs: α, α'H, α'L, β and γ. Of interest is the β-to-γ transformation on cooling at about 490°C. This transformation, accompanied by a 12% volume increase and a 4.6° unit cell shape change, is analogous to the tetragonal-to-monoclinic transformation in zirconia. Due to the processing methods used, previous studies into the particle size effect were limited by a wide range of particle size distribution. In an attempt to obtain a more uniform size, a fast quench rate involving a laser-melting/roller-quenching technique was investigated.The laser-melting/roller-quenching experiment used precompacted bars of stoichiometric γ-Ca2SiO4 powder, which were synthesized from AR grade CaCO3 and SiO2xH2O. The raw materials were mixed by conventional ceramic processing techniques, and sintered at 1450°C. The dusted γ-Ca2SiO4 powder was uniaxially pressed into 0.4 cm x 0.4 cm x 4 cm bars under 34 MPa and cold isostatically pressed under 172 MPa. The γ-Ca2SiO4 bars were melted by a 10 KW-CO2 laser.

Gluten-Free Dry Mixtures with Rice and Amaranth for Children over Three Years Old with Gluten Intolerance

Food Industry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
Sergey Urubkov ◽  
Svetlana Khovanskaya ◽  
Ekaterina Pyrieva ◽  
Olga Georgieva ◽  
Stanislav Smirnov
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Organoleptic Evaluation ◽  
Free Products ◽  
Wide Range

Diet therapy is one of the main approaches to the treatment of a wide range of diseases of the digestive system. The treatment effectiveness of celiac disease depends on how strictly the patient adheres to a gluten-free diet. It is often disrupted due to the limited range of recommended foods and dishes, especially for children who are particularly sensitive to dietary restrictions. In this case, the development of new types of specialized gluten-free products is relevant, allowing to expand the diet both in terms of nutritional value and taste diversity. This study concerns the recipe developments of dry gluten-free mixtures using rice and amaranth with the inclusion of fruit and vegetable and berry raw materials intended for the nutrition of children over three years old suffering from celiac disease. When developing the recipes, researchers used various combinations of rice and amaranth flour, as well as fruit and vegetable powders. The rice flour composition varied in the range from 15 to 75%; amaranth – from 15 to 45%; fruit and vegetable and berry powders – up to 10%. The finished product was gluten-free cookies, muffins, pancakes made of rice and amaranth. Organoleptic evaluation showed that the studied samples of gluten-free cookies have high quality characteristics, have a pleasant taste and aroma. According to the calculated data, specialized gluten-free dry mixtures intended for children over three years with celiac disease can serve as an important source of: vegetable carbohydrates – from 26.81 to 55.19 g / 100g of finished products; protein – from 4.06 to 11.82 g/100g of finished products; dietary fiber – from 3.82 to 6.36 g/100g of finished products; and energy – from 158.12 to 333.96 kcal/100g of finished products) The developed recipess of gluten-free products can help to provide children with an adequate amount of nutrients and energy.

Effect of precursors, fertilizers and soil cultivation on the phytosanitary condition of winter wheat crops in the zone of the Left Bank Forest-Steppe

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (92) ◽  
pp. 100-108
Author(s):  
T.S. Vinnichuk ◽  
L.M. Parminskaya ◽  
N.M. Gavrilyuk
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Soil Cultivation ◽  
No Till ◽  
Harmful Organisms

In the article the research the results of studies of the phytosanitary state of winter wheat sowing with three soil treatments - plowing (22-24 cm), shallow (10-12 cm) and zero (no - till) with various doses of fertilizers: N56 Р16 К16 , N110-130 Р90 К110 and N145-165 Р135 К150 , without fertilizers (control) for the two predecessors - soybean and rapeseed. The influence of these methods on the development and prevalence of powdery mildew, septoriosis of leaves, root rot of winter wheat, the most common pests in the area of research - cereal flies, wheat thrips and grain sawflies. The identified measures to limit the development and spread of harmful organisms above.

The vegetation of the small rivers of Novosibirsk Region (a syntaxonomic essay)

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Kipriyanova ◽  
M. A. Kleshchev
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
West Siberia ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Aquatic Communities ◽  
Emergent Plants ◽  
Novosibirsk Region ◽  
General Chemical ◽  
Wide Range

Information on the aquatic and semiaquatic vegetation of the major watercourses of West Siberia is relatively scarce, while this of small rivers is practically absent. There are 430 rivers whose length exceeds 10 km within the Novosibirsk Region. The aim of our work was to study the phytocenotic diversity of their aquatic and semiaquatic vegetation. 130 geobotanical relevés were performed by the authors in July–August 2003–2005. The object was aquatic communities formed by true aquatic (submergent and floating-leaved) plants and semiaquatic ones with emergent plants and these of water′s edge. In total 10 watercourses were studied (Table 1): 2–3 in each of five geomorphologic regions within the forest-steppe zone (Table 2). The upper, middle and lower courses (Fig. 1, Table 1) with the length of 2–2.5 km were studied in each case to ensure the 4–5 repetition of main elements (stream pools and ridges) that would give a reliable information on their flora and vegetation. The sample plots were selected above the settlements, whenever possible in sites with no to intensive anthropogenic impact. The data were collected according to J. Braun-Blanquet (1964) approach. The relevés were done on the sample plot of 100 m2 placed in the most homogeneous part of the community or, in case of its smaller area, within the natural boundaries. The following scale was used for abundance estimation: r — the species is extremely rare; + — rare, small cover; 1 — the number of individuals is large, the cover is small or individuals are sparse, but the cover is large; 2 —cover of 5–25 %; 3 — 26–50 %; 4 — 51–75 %; 5 — more than 75 %. The date on water depth, transparency (on a white Secchi disk with a diameter of 30 cm), temperature and the flow rate were obtained. The soil mechanical composition and color, the degree and nature of anthropogenic impact on vegetation and river banks were quantified. Water samples for general chemical analysis were taken in the middle course of each river. Computer programs TURBOVEG and MEGATAB (Hennekens, 1996) were used for database. The syntaxonomic affiliation of phytocenoses was determined using modern literature (Bobrov, Chemeris, 2006; Vegetace..., 2011; Chepinoga, 2015; Landucci et al. 2015; Mucina et al., 2016, etc.). 36 associations and 3 communities belonging to 12 alliances, 9 orders, and 5 classes have been identified (Tables 3–14, Fig. 2–9). Such great syntaxonomic diversity is determined by the significant ecotopic variety, the variability of substrates, the wide range of water flow rates and the different water trophicity. For comparison, 26 associations, 13 variants, 2 communities were identified in the study of 50 rivers of Lithuania (Sinkyavichene, 1992); altogether 84 associations are known for the Upper Volga region as a whole (Bob­rov, Chemeris, 2006), while 45 ones were recorded previously in 130 watercourses of this region (Bobrov, 1999). Information on small river macroalgae cenoses in the study area is partially reflected in the paper published earlier (Bobrov et al., 2005).

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