Japanese encephalitis in children from an endemic district of West Bengal, India: A hospital based observational study

Background: Japanese encephalitis (JE) is an important cause of viral encephalitis in children in South East Asian countries including India. Aims and Objective: We have done this study in an JE endemic district of India to know the demographic profile, clinical presentation, seasonal variation, outcome and about the vaccination status of the JE cases. Materials and Methods: This observational, cross sectional study was done for a period of one year in the Pediatric department of Burdwan Medical College, West Bengal in children up to the age of 12 year, presented with acute encephalitis syndrome (AES). Demographic data, clinical presentation and JE vaccination status were recorded and confirmed JE cases were detected by either serum or CSF JE IgM antibody. Outcome of the JE cases were noted as discharge, death or leave against medical advice (LAMA). Results: We have found confirmed JE in 18 children out of total 125 AES cases (14.4%). 61.1% of them were within 6 to 12 year age, mostly from low socioeconomic status and 100% case occurred during monsoon and post monsoon period. History, was of JE vaccination were present in only 11.1% case of JE. Most common presenting symptoms were high fever (100%), convulsion (94.4%) and altered sensorium (72.2%). 77.8% JE case were discharged and 11.1% expired. Conclusion: We must consider JE whenever a child from any endemic district comes with AES and we should try to bring every child under the JE vaccination coverage in the endemic regions globally to reduce the burden of this preventable encephalitis.

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A prospective observational study to analyse clinical profile of varicose vein cases treated in a tertiary care hospital

International Surgery Journal ◽

10.18203/2349-2902.isj20190516 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 769

Author(s):

Maragadha Mani ◽

Anand A.

Keyword(s):

Observational Study ◽

Clinical Presentation ◽

Vascular System ◽

Varicose Veins ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Lower Limbs ◽

Leg Pain ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Presenting Symptoms

Background: Varicose veins are common vascular disorder. The study was conducted to analyse the clinical presentation, treatment options and complications of varicose veins.Methods: This observational study was conducted in Thanjavur Medical College Hospital. Adults with clinically diagnosed unilateral or bilateral varicose veins of lower limbs were studied in surgical wards between August 2013 to July 2014. The demographic data and presenting symptoms, signs and previous treatment were collected using a structured proforma. Thorough clinical examination, duplex scan and abdominal and pelvic examination were done in all cases to find out the secondary causes. Peripheral vascular system was examined. All the patients were followed regularly for the period of one month to one year after treatment.Results: A total of 60 cases were included. Most participants belonged to 2nd and 3rd decade of life. 55 (91%) participants were male and5 (9%) participants were females. 45 (75%) participants were agriculturists. 10 (17%) participants had bilateral involvement. Most participants 30 (50%) participants had 1 to 5 years duration of disease, most common clinical presentation of the study participants was varicosity with 70.0%, followed by lipodermo sclerosis, leg pain, hyperpigmentation, pruritus as 63.0%, 56.0%, 15% and 11.6% respectively. 17 (28.33%) patients were present with a venous ulcer. 32 (53%) participants were managed surgically, and 28 (47%) participants were managed conservatively. Most participants were treated with multiple ligation 21.8% followed by trendelenburg operation+ stripping18.75%.Conclusions: Regarding the treatment, surgery is the treatment of choice for primary varicose veins and conservative treatment for secondary varicose veins.

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Clinical profiling of patients with Acid Peptic Disorders (APD) in India: a cross-sectional survey of clinicians

International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology ◽

10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20164779 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 194 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ramesh Roop Rai ◽

A. Gangadhar ◽

Mayur M. Mayabhate

Keyword(s):

Peptic Ulcer ◽

Clinical Presentation ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Epigastric Pain ◽

Ph Monitoring ◽

Common Symptom ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Ulcer Disease ◽

Presenting Symptoms

Background: Acid peptic disorders (APD) which include GERD and peptic ulcer disease (PUD) are common conditions reported in daily clinical practice. This survey aimed to understand the epidemiology, clinical presentation and associated overlapping comorbidities in Indian patients with APD.Methods: This was an interview based cross-sectional survey of 1000 clinicians (specialist gastroenterologists and non-specialists) across India who treated patients of APD in their practice. Information related to patient demographics, diagnosis and clinical presentation (common symptoms and their duration, alarming, lower GI and extra-esophageal symptoms) were assessed. Indications for upper GI endoscopy, esophageal pH monitoring and esophageal manometry were also collected. Descriptive analyses were done.Results: About 39.2% and 37.1% patients had reported GERD and PUD respectively (duodenal ulcer: 10.5%, gastric ulcer: 9.9% and peptic ulcer-non-specified: 16.7%); 25.2% patients were reported to have non-ulcer dyspepsia. Heartburn was the most common symptom in GERD (60.5%); epigastric pain was common in PUD (72.3%); 49% GERD patients presented with alarming symptoms, mainly dysphagia (67%), whereas for PUD, GI bleeding was the most common alarming symptom (47.6%). Profiles of patients visiting clinicians were similar with respect to the presenting symptoms and associated conditions. Functional dyspepsia (25.9%), constipation (23.4%) and irritable bowel syndrome (23.4%) were the most common overlapping conditions associated with both GERD and PUD.Conclusions: APD (GERD and PUD) was more common in 18-59 yrs. age group with heart burn as the common symptom for GERD and epigastric pain for PUD. Diagnosis was mostly based on clinical symptoms; nearly 50% patients of APD presenting with alarming symptoms needed prompt endoscopy. Thus, there is need to focus on these overlapping disorders while managing patients of APD.

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Reasons for emergency department visits among advanced cancer patients in their last week of life

Proceedings of Singapore Healthcare ◽

10.1177/2010105817713024 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 59-62

Author(s):

Grace Meijuan Yang ◽

Eeyang Ng ◽

Sherman Lian ◽

Marcus Eng Hock Ong

Keyword(s):

Emergency Department ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Advanced Cancer ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Emergency Department Visits ◽

Advanced Cancer Patients ◽

Record System ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Presenting Symptoms ◽

Singapore General Hospital

For advanced cancer patients, an emergency department (ED) visit in the last week of life may result in aggressive care that is inappropriate and futile. The objective of this study is to explore the characteristics of advanced cancer patients who present to ED in the last week of life. Specifically, we describe the spectrum of presenting symptoms. This was a retrospective cross-sectional study of ED attendances in the Singapore General Hospital during a one-year period. The electronic medical record system was used to retrieve demographic data, characteristics of the ED visits and presenting complaints. A total of 145 patients with advanced cancer dying in hospital within seven days of an ED visit were included. Breathlessness was the most common reason for presenting to ED (85 patients, 58.62%), followed by pain (50 patients, 34.48%), generalised weakness or lethargy (39 patients, 26.90%) and decreased appetite or anorexia (35 patients, 24.14%). Strategies to improve end-of-life care can focus on pre-emptive management of breathlessness and pain. Community programmes can also help prepare families for symptoms like generalised weakness and appetite loss which may signal a progression of the disease. Supportive and palliative care interventions will need to be implemented in the ED setting to better manage the symptoms suffered by these advanced cancer patients.

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Clinical profile and outcome of acute organophosphate poisoning in children of Upper Egypt: a cross-sectional study

BMC Pediatrics ◽

10.1186/s12887-021-02563-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Khaled A. Abdel Baseer ◽

Eman Fathala Gad ◽

Yaser F. Abdel Raheem

Keyword(s):

Cumulative Dose ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

University Hospital ◽

Arterial Oxygen ◽

Organophosphate Poisoning ◽

Time Interval ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Presenting Symptoms

Abstract Background Organophosphates are one of the most common agents of poisoning in developing countries including Egypt. Due to lack of data about characteristics of organophosphates poisoning in our localities, we aimed to evaluate its clinical pattern and factors affecting outcome. Methods It was a cross-sectional study conducted in South valley University hospital between January 2019 and December 2019. It included all children ≤16 years of age presented with organophosphates poisoning. Diagnosis was performed from the history taken from the patient’s relatives and presenting symptoms. Demographic data, mode and route of poisoning, time from exposure to presentation, clinical symptomatology, grading and routine investigations were evaluated in addition to treatment taken and outcome. Results During the study period, 108 children; mean age was 7.95 ± 4.11 years (range 1. 5-16 years) presented with organophosphorous poisoning. Sixty five (60%) cases were females and 43 (40%) were males. Unintentional acts (87%) were detected more than suicidal (13%) and inhalation route (63.8%) more than ingestion (36. 2%). Miosis was the most frequent clinical sign (100%) followed by respiratory distress (77.7%). Regarding time of presentation to emergency department, 43 (40%) cases were presented within 6 h while others presented more than 6 h post-exposure. Mechanical ventilation (MV) was needed for 14 (13%) cases and 6 (5.5%) cases died due to respiratory failure. Duration of hospital stay, mean time interval from toxic exposure to hospital presentation, leucocytosis, need for MV and cumulative dose of pralidoxime were significantly higher in non survivors than survivors while Pao2 (partial arterial oxygen) and GCS (Glasgow coma scale) were significantly lower. Conclusion This study concluded that time consumed till presentation to hospital, low GCS, need for MV, leucocytosis, decreased PaO2 and increased cumulative dose of pralidoxime were independent risk factors of mortality.

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Stroke patients presenting to the emergency department of a tertiary care hospital

Journal of Patan Academy of Health Sciences ◽

10.3126/jpahs.v8i2.30394 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 85-90

Author(s):

Suraj Rijal ◽

Sunil Adhikari ◽

Darlene Rose House

Keyword(s):

Emergency Department ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Common Disease ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Stroke Patients ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Presenting Symptoms ◽

Ethical Approval

Introduction: Stroke is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in Nepal. It is the 3rd most common cause of death worldwide. In Nepal Non-communicable diseases in Nepal(NCDs) states that stroke accounts for 42% of all deaths and is estimated to reach about 66.3% of all deaths by 2030. Method: A retrospective cross-sectional study of all stroke patients seen in Patan Hospital Emergency Department for a period of 1 y. Demographic data, presenting complaint, time of onset of symptoms, time presenting to the Emergency, patient’s risk factors for stroke, head CT findings (hemorrhagic or ischemic stroke) were analyzed descriptively. Ethical approval was taken. Result: Total 170 patients (96 males i.e.56.5% and 74 females i.e. 43.5%) were analyzed. 130(76.5%) were ischemic CVA and 40 (23.5%) were hemorrhagic CVA. The most common presenting symptoms was hemiparesis and speech changes. Conclusion: Stroke is a common disease seen in Nepal, with higher percentages of hemorrhagic stroke.

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Molecular Detection of Sapovirus in Children Under Five Years with Acute Gastroenteritis in Mansoura, Egypt between January 2019 and February 2020

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.29991.4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

pp. 123

Author(s):

Maysaa El Sayed Zaki ◽

Raghdaa Shrief ◽

Rasha H. Hassan

Keyword(s):

Acute Gastroenteritis ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Winter Season ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Culture Methods ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Presenting Symptoms ◽

Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽

Immune Assays

Background: Sapovirus has emerged as a viral cause of acute gastroenteritis. However, there is limited data on sapovirus in Egypt. . The present study aimed to evaluate the presence of sapovirus in children with acute gastroenteritis <5 years in Mansoura, Egypt from January 2019 to February 2020 by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Methods: The cross-sectional study enrolled a 100 children <5 years who presented with acute gastroenteritis at an outpatient clinic in Mansoura, Egypt between January 2019 and February 2020. Clinical data, demographic data and a stool sample was collected from each child. Stools were screened by microscopy for parasites and culture methods for bacteria and excluded from the study if positive for either. Specimens were also screened for rotavirus by enzyme immune assays (EIA) and sapovirus by reverse transcription PCR. Results: The most frequently detected virus was rotavirus by ELISA 25% (25/100). RT-PCR detected sapovirus in 7% (7/100) of the stool samples. The children with sapovirus were all from rural regions and presented mainly during the winter season in Egypt 42.9% (3/7). The main presenting symptoms were fever 71.4% (5/7) and vomiting 57.1% (4/7). None of the children with sapovirus had dehydration. Rotavirus was significantly associated with sapovirus infections in five samples (5/7) , 71.4%, P=0.01. Conclusion: The present study highlights the emergence of sapovirus as a frequent pathogen associated with acute gastroenteritis in children. There is a need for a national survey program for the study of sapovirus among other pathogens associated with acute gastroenteritis for better management of such infection.

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IMMINNENT ECLAMPSIA AND ECLAMPSIA- RISKS FACTORS AND CLINICAL PRESENTATION, 2 YEARS STUDY

International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies ◽

10.32553/ijmbs.v5i8.2159 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (8) ◽

Author(s):

Vishnu Kumar Gupta ◽

Lalima Jasoria

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Mortality Rate ◽

Perinatal Mortality ◽

Low Socioeconomic Status ◽

Clinical Presentation ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Mode Of Delivery ◽

Educational Status ◽

Age Group ◽

Major Health Problem

Background: The anatomical, Physiological and biochemical adaptations to Pregnancy are well orchestrated. In certain cases departure from this normal course leads to the pregnancy being complicated. Complications that so develop, endanger the life of both mother and her unborn child. One such dreaded complication is pregnancy induced hypertension. Eclampsia is defined as the pre- eclampsia when complicated with convulsion and/ or coma. However, eclampsia usually proceeds pre-eclampsia. It is one of the leading causes of maternal and perinatal mortality as well as morbidity, throughout the world. Approximately 50000 women die worldwide each year from eclampsia. The reported mortality rate ranges from 1-20%. The perinatal mortality rate of neonates born to eclamptic mothers ranges form 1.3-3%. Aims: 1.To evaluates the risk factors and clinical presentation in women with imminent eclampsia preoperatively. To evaluate the risk factors and clinical presentation in women with eclampsia. Materials and Methods The present study will be carried out in department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and MEDICINE of National institute of medical sciences (NIMS), Jaipur from October 2012 to September 2014. The study will be conducted on the antenatal and postnatal women admitted in the in patient department of NIMS, Jaipur Study Design: Prospective and retrospective observational study. Study Period October 2012 to September 2014. All the women are evaluated for demographic data, antenatal history, obstetric history, menstrual history, medical and surgical history, mode of delivery, onset of eclampsia, treatment received and maternal and fetal complications. Result: From the present study, it can be concluded that the age group 21-30 years is most prone for eclampsia and imminent eclampsia and the disease severity is higher in age group less than 30 years. Low socioeconomic status and poor educational status contribute for their increased incidence. These patients generally have higher proteinuria with headache followed by epigastria pain and vomiting. These women are mostly delivered by caesarian section and deliver low birth baby (< 2.5kg), which needs immediate attention and is admitted to nursery. Conclusion: Eclampsia and imminent eclampsia is a major health problem in pregnant women. And it carries high morbities and mortality. Eclampsia is more complicated than imminent Eclampsia. Keywords: Eclampsia, hypertension, preeclampsia, proteinuria

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Homoeopathic Awareness among the Tribal Population Visiting a Homoeopathic Hospital set up in West Bengal

Homœopathic Links ◽

10.1055/s-0039-1693112 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 32 (02) ◽

pp. 077-081

Author(s):

Anupam Mukherjee ◽

Ayushman Banerjee ◽

Kaushik D. Das

Keyword(s):

West Bengal ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Health Care Facilities ◽

Tribal Population ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical College ◽

Set Up ◽

Self Administered Questionnaire ◽

Positive Effect

Background Tribal population in India had been known to depend on traditional tribal medicines for long to cure their ailments. With the development of health care facilities and spread of AYUSH system:of late many tribal people are seeking homoeopathic treatment. More than half of the tribal population of West Bengal are concentrated in the South western part of the state that covers the districts of Paschim Medinipur, Purulia, and Bankura. Midnapore Homoeopathic Medical College and Hospital being located in the same region gets a good number of tribal patients seeking homoeopathic care. Objective To assess the level of homoeopathic awareness and the reasons for their preference to homoeopathic system. Methods A cross sectional survey was conducted in the outpatient department of Midnapore Homeopathic Medical College and Hospital, Government of West Bengal, India from January 2016 to June 2016 on adult tribal population using a self-administered questionnaire. Results The survey performed on tribal patients reflected the level of homoeopathic awareness, prevalence of disease, socio-demographic data, and health status of the tribal population. The positive effect with homoeopathic treatment also became evident in the study. Conclusion A favorable attitude toward homoeopathy among the tribal population was obtained. However, some wrong notions about the mode also emerged in the study. In this respect, the authors felt the need on arrangement of homoeopathic health camps and distribution of homoeopathic awareness materials in tribal language to improve the scenario.

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Varied Clinical Presentations of COVID-19 in Pregnant Women in Tertiary Care Hospital of Lahore-Pakistan

10.53350/pjmhs211561266 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (6) ◽

pp. 1266-1268

Author(s):

S. Aslam ◽

M. Gondal ◽

T. Tahira ◽

Zille Huma ◽

M. Mumtaz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Presentation ◽

Tertiary Care Hospital ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Ethical Review ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Presenting Symptoms ◽

Health Related ◽

Obstetric Population

Background: The whole world is facing one of the biggest health related disasters of the century. As a novel disease, Covid-19 has so many parameters yet to explore. Aim: To explore varied pattern of clinical presentation of COVID-19 in obstetric population in tertiary care hospital. Study design: Cross-sectional study. Methodology: This study with enrolled pregnant females (n=36) was carried out after ethical review committee’s (ERC) approval at Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore-Pakistan over a period of 3 months in 2020. Data was analyzed by SPSS software, version-20. Presenting symptoms of subjects were presented as frequency and percentage. Results: Total 36 patients were selected. Twenty four (66.66%) patients were symptomatic while the rest 12 (33.33%) patients were asymptomatic. Conclusion: We concluded that clinical presentation of COVID-19 pregnant patients is similar as in rest of the world and it is also same as in general population. Keywords: Covid-19, Pregnant Patients and Clinical Presentation.

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A cross sectional analysis on the clinical presentation and outcome of H1N1 influenza patients in a tertiary care hospital in Central Kerala

International Journal of Advances in Medicine ◽

10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20191038 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 302

Author(s):

Alvin Treasa George ◽

Grace George ◽

David K. Simson ◽

T. P. Antony

Keyword(s):

Clinical Presentation ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

H1n1 Influenza ◽

Clinical Profile ◽

World Health ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Presenting Symptoms ◽

Cross Sectional Analysis ◽

Sectional Analysis

Background: The World Health Organization raised pandemic H1N1 influenza alert level to phase 6 in June 2009 due to a widespread community transmission on two continents. The recent surge in positive H1N1 cases necessitates a revisit to the clinical profile of the 2009 pandemic. This study was aimed to analyse the clinical profile and outcome of swab positive H1N1 patients.Methods: A cross sectional analysis on the clinical presentation and primary out come in the confirmed H1N1 influenza cases was done. H1N1 confirmation was done using real time reverse transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction in throat swab samples. The data were analysed statistically and presented in percentage.Results: Total 31 cases of severe H1N1 were included in the study. Majority of the cases (16/31) were between15 to 30 yrs of age. Among the total cases, 27 cases were females (87.1%) of which 11 cases were pregnant (35.5%). The predominant presenting symptoms were fever (100%), breathlessness (80.6%), body ache (45.2%), headache (29%) and sore throat (29%). Twenty three of the 31 patients (74.2%) survived while 8 succumbed to the illness (25.8%). All the patients required ICU admission and 8 underwent invasive ventilation. The mortality was high among the ventilated patients (p=0.0064).Conclusions: Pregnancy was associated with higher rate of complications. Early respiratory support did not help in preventing progression to respiratory failure in most of the patients. Vaccination, early recognition of the disease and prompt initiation of treatment appear to be the only way to reduce H1N1 disease progression and mortality.

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