scholarly journals Prescribing pattern of antibiotics in the department of pediatrics in a tertiary care medical college hospital in Northern India

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 69-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravika Kanish ◽  
Kanchan Gupta ◽  
Shivani Juneja ◽  
HS Bains ◽  
Sandeep Kaushal
Keyword(s):  
Direct Cost ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
North India ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Prescribing Pattern

Background: Systemic antibiotics account for more than one?third of all prescriptions in children; hence, antibiotic prescriptions in children are a major public health concern. Moreover, data regarding rational antibiotic use in children is very limited. Hence, it is essential that the antibiotic prescribing pattern be evaluated periodically for its rationality of use and cost. The aim of our study is to identify the prescribing pattern and to carry out direct cost analysis of antibiotic use in the patients admitted in pediatrics department of a tertiary care hospital of North India. Methods: The study was conducted for two months (June, July, 2012) in pediatric ward and ICU. The data regarding patient demographics and antibiotic use was collected daily in a structured proforma. A descriptive analysis of the data was done. Results: A total of one hundred and ninety one patients were enrolled, most of them belonging to the age group 2?14 years. Majority of them were male pediatric patients (75.9%) with mean age of 4.6 years. On an average 1.9 AMAs were prescribed per patient. The most common AMAs prescribed were cephalosporins followed by aminoglycosides. The preferred route of administration was injectable (92%). The average direct cost of treatment per patient was estimated to be Rs. 3338. The percentage of drugs prescribed by generic name was 58%. Conclusions: Male pediatric patients have better access to tertiary medical care as compared to female pediatric patients. The average number of anti?microbials prescribed is 1.9 which is not too high. Newer generation of antibiotics are more commonly prescribed leading to increased cost of therapy. This baseline study will help in formulating an antibiotic policy and standard treatment guidelines for appropriate use of antibiotics. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i4.10213 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 2014 Vol.5(4); 69-72

scholarly journals Prescribing pattern and prescription errors: a study at a tertiary care hospital of Bangladesh

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzana Sultana ◽  
Ajijur Rahman ◽  
Tripti Rani Paul ◽  
Md Shahid Sarwar ◽  
Md Anwar Ul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Pharmaceutical Journal ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Prescribing Pattern ◽  
Prescription Pattern ◽  
Prescription Errors ◽  
Standard Treatment Guidelines

Irrational prescribing of drugs is a major health concern in developing countries like Bangladesh. A study was therefore undertaken in a hospital, situated in Rajshahi region of Bangladesh, to find the prescribing pattern and to detect the prescription errors to the admitted patients. Prescriptions of 200 patients were collected from various departments of the hospital over a period of three months. Prescription pattern was analyzed using general indicators suggested by WHO and prescribing errors were determined by comparing the prescribed drugs with national standard treatment guidelines, textbooks and authentic online resources. The average number of drugs per prescription was found to be 4.89 and 76.5% prescriptions contained complex regimen. In this study, we found no prescription with generic name. The percentage of prescription with antibiotics was 78% that was 15.95% of total drugs. The injectable preparations used were 17.18% of total 978 drugs. About 769 (3.85 per prescription) prescription errors were identified from 978 prescribed drugs. The name of 35 prescribed drugs was not clear due to illegible hand writing. The dose strength was missing for 279 drugs and 31 drugs had improper abbreviation. The study also identified 409 drug interactions. About 6.5% prescription orders were identified for the patients with kidney and urinary problems and there was no dose adjustment. Frequency of occurrence of prescription errors found during the study can be rated high. The prescription pattern and the prescription errors have indicated the need to establish proper system of recording and analyzing therapy before writing a prescription in order to promote rational drug therapy.Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 18(1): 20-24, 2015

scholarly journals Study of antimicrobial use in paediatric inpatients in a tertiary care hospital in Ahmedabad, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Hetal N. Jeeyani ◽  
Rutvik H. Parikh ◽  
Sheena Sivanandan ◽  
Harsh J. Muliya ◽  
Shivam N. Badiyani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Prescribing Indicators ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Mean

Background: Inappropriate use and overuse of antibiotics are important factors leading to increased bacterial resistance apart from increased risk of adverse reactions. The aim of this study was to derive antibiotic use percentage, study its pattern and compare antibiotic prescribing indicators with standard indicators.Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted from 1st August 2018 to 31st July 2019 on paediatric inpatients from 1 month to 14 years. All the relevant data was taken from the case records of patients at the time of discharge. The data included: age, sex, hospital stay, clinical diagnosis and details of antimicrobial treatment.Results: From 989 patients, 85.9% were diagnosed with infectious illness, of which 60.1% had viral and 36.7% had bacterial infection. The use of antimicrobial drugs was 42.7% and antibiotics was 40.4%. The mean number of antibiotics received was 1.13±0.31. 90% patients received single antibiotic. 88.8% drugs were prescribed by generic name and 99% drugs were prescribed from essential drug formulary. 17 different antibiotics were used out of which ceftriaxone (62.5%) was the most commonly used. Groupwise, antibiotic use was cephalosporins (68.4%), penicillin (20.2%), aminoglycosides (4.31%), fluoroquinolones (0.9%) and macrolides (0.22%). The use of higher antibiotics like vancomycin (3.86%) and carbapenems (0.68%) was quite less.Conclusions: The antibiotic use in our hospital was higher than the WHO standard but less as compared to majority of other studies. Use of cephalosporins was more and penicillin was less as compared to other studies. This suggests that there is a need of implementing antibiotic stewardship programs to enhance rational antibiotic prescribing.

scholarly journals Vancomycin-resistance Enterococcal Colonization in Hospitalized Patients in Relation to Antibiotic Usage in a Tertiary Care Hospital of North India

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (02) ◽  
pp. 108-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuhina Banerjee ◽  
Shampa Anupurba ◽  
Joel Filgona ◽  
Dinesh K Singh
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Antibiotic Usage ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
North India ◽  
Care Hospital

ABSTRACT Background: Alarming rise of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) is a global cause of concern. Several factors have been held responsible for such rise, of which antibiotic usage is a prominent one. Objectives: This study was undertaken to determine the intestinal VRE colonization rate amongst hospitalized patients in relation to use of various antibiotics in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of a tertiary care university hospital, India. Materials and Methods: Stool samples were collected weekly from all the patients in the adult ICU for a period of 6 months and processed for isolation and phenotypic and genotypic characterization of VRE isolates. Patient and treatment details were noted and cases (those with VRE in stool) and controls (those without VRE in stool) were compared statistically. Further, a multivariate analysis was done to identify those antibiotics as independent risk factors for VRE colonization. Results: VRE colonization was found in 34.56% (28/81) of the patients studied, with the majority 75% (21/28) carrying the vanA gene. The cases had significantly more (P < 0.05) duration of hospital stay and antibiotic exposure. Intake of metronidazole, vancomycin, and piperacillin-tazobactam were identified as significant risk factors both in univariate and multivariate analysis. Conclusion: A potential reservoir of VRE was thus revealed even in low VRE prevalence setting. Based on this high colonization status, restriction of empirical antibiotic use, reviewing of the ongoing antibiotic policy, and active VRE surveillance as an integral part of infection control strategy were suggested.

scholarly journals The Pattern of Substance Abuse in the Psychiatry Department of a Tertiary Care of Srinagar Hospital, Jammu and Kashmir, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mudasir Maqbool ◽  
Ginenus Fekadu ◽  
Dinka Dugassa ◽  
Firomsa Bekele ◽  
Ebisa Turi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Prescribing Pattern ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
The Mean

Background: Substance-use related disorders (SUD) are a major public health concern worldwide, especially in developing nations. Currently, it is characterized by high rates of mortality and morbidity. Moreover, through increased utilization of healthcare services, it causes both direct and indirect significant medical expenditures. Objectives: The current study aimed to evaluate the pattern of Substance abuse in the department of psychiatry of a Tertiary Care Hospital, Srinagar, Jammu, and Kashmir, India. Methods: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional, and open study conducted in the psychiatry inpatient department of a tertiary care hospital, Srinagar, Jammu, and Kashmir, India, for 7 months (January to May 2020). Results: Over a period of seven months, a total of 135 participants were recruited (105 males and 30 females). Most of them were Muslim (96.29%), married (68.14%), and living as a nuclear family (75.55%). Tobacco (Nicotine) was the most commonly used substance by those admitted to the psychiatry ward (62.96%), followed by cannabis (11.11%) and opioids (11.11%). The most comorbidity associated with substance abuse was psychiatric disorders (36.84%), followed by neurological disorders (21.05%), and gastrointestinal disorders (7.89%). Among those with psychiatric disorders, 14 (10.37%) had mood (bipolar) disorders. A total of 1129 medicines were prescribed for 135 patients. The mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM) of the prescribed medicines was 8.48 ± 3.3. The average number of drugs per encounter was 8.48%. Conclusions: In this study, cigarette smoking (nicotine) was the most commonly abused substance. It can be justified by the fact that Kashmir is a conflict zone, and many people suffer from the post-traumatic stress disorder. Hence, a collaborated effort is necessary to improve the prescribing pattern and to enhance the rational use of medications for better treatment outcomes.

scholarly journals Prescription pattern of medicines in a tertiary care hospital: a cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 1437
Author(s):  
Roshi . ◽  
Vishal R. Tandon ◽  
Brij Mohan Gupta ◽  
Sanjeev Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Therapeutic Benefit ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Prescribing Pattern ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Prescribing drugs for any disease is not complete until it is rationally done. Irrational prescriptions often lead to treatment failure, toxicity or drug interactions which may prove detrimental to the patient. Antibiotics are very much prescribed in day to day practice but their rational use prevents treatment failure, resistance.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital to see the antibiotic prescribing pattern. Prescriptions were screened one time from different OPDs with prior permission from the doctor attending the respective OPD.Results: A total of 200 prescriptions were assessed out of which 121 had monotherapies prescribed, 79 had FDCs. Antibiotics were the most commonly prescribed drugs. Prescriptions having drug combinations were assessed and pantoprazole domperidone was the most commonly prescribed (32.91%).Conclusions: Drugs should be prescribed rationally for proper therapeutic benefit. It encourages the patient to properly use the medicine and properly comply to it.

scholarly journals A prospective study on antibiotic prescribing pattern among in-patients of medicine department of a tertiary care hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 902
Author(s):  
Anulakshmi S. ◽  
Annapurna Yadavalli
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
Oral Drug ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Prescribing Pattern ◽  
Strict Adherence ◽  
Antibiotic Policy ◽  
A Prospective Study

Background: Irrational prescription is a major contributor to the antimicrobial resistance. Tertiary care centres in a state are the centres of excellence where policies are framed. So, they have an important role in promoting rational antibiotic prescription.Methods: The study was conducted on in-patients of medicine ward in government medical college, Calicut, for a period of 2 months (January to February 2018), The data was collected from IP case records of patients. The parameters checked includes appropriateness of the antibiotic as, to whether it is according to our hospital antibiotic policy, whether de-escalation and change to oral drug was done, whether it is prescribed by generic name, is it given as fixed drug combination (FDC), is it from national list of essential medicine.Results: Among the 135-prescription analyzed, total 225 antibiotics were used. Cephalosporins (32%) were the most commonly used. Of this only 40% was given by generic prescription. 27% was FDCs. 55% was from national list of essential medicines and 69% of them were ‘WATCH’ drug according to WHO Antibiotic Policy. Regarding appropriateness of prescriptions around 56% included right drug, 93% had right dose and frequency, and 70% had right duration and 100% were given through right route.Conclusions: Strict adherence to hospital antibiotic policy and plan for effective teaching programs regarding antibiotic resistance and importance of rational prescription of antibiotics can improve the quality of antibiotic prescription and minimize antibiotic resistance.

scholarly journals 264Antibiotic use associated with acute gastroenteritis in Australian primary care

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Qiang He ◽  
Martyn Kirk ◽  
John Hall ◽  
Bette Liu
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
Antibiotics Use ◽  
Education And Awareness ◽  
Campylobacter Infections

Abstract Background Inappropriate antibiotic use is a global health concern as it increases antibiotic resistance. Antibiotics are not routinely recommended for treating acute gastroenteritis, non-typhoidal salmonella and campylobacter infections. We investigated adherence to these recommendations in primary care. Methods We used a large electronic database of primary care records to identify presentations for acute gastroenteritis, non-typhoidal salmonella and campylobacter infections and antibiotic prescribing from 1st Jan 2013 to 31 December 2018. We estimated the proportions of cases prescribed antibiotics according to various characteristics and examined the antibiotics prescribed. Results A total of 86998, 1106, and 1952 participants were identified with acute gastroenteritis, non-typhoidal salmonella, and campylobacter infections and correspondingly 10% (8720/86998), 40% (437/1106), and 57% (1118/1952) of these cases were prescribed antibiotics in the period up to 5 days post-diagnosis. Patients residing in outer regional/remote areas and those from Northern Territory and Queensland were more likely to be prescribed antibiotics than those residing in major cities and those from other states (p &lt; =0.04). No dominant antibiotic class was prescribed for acute gastroenteritis. Quinolones (28.6%) and macrolides (27.0%) were the most frequently prescribed antibiotics for non-typhoidal salmonella, and macrolides (69%) were the predominant antibiotics prescribed for campylobacter. Conclusion The high proportion of antibiotics dispensed in the general population with acute gastroenteritis, non-typhoidal salmonella and campylobacter infections suggests that antimicrobial stewardship needs to include better education and awareness around treatment guidelines for such infections. Key messages Antibiotics use was common for Australian population with acute gastroenteritis, particularly those with non-typhoidal salmonella and campylobacter infections.

scholarly journals The Clinical Profile, Early Warning Score, and Outcome of Children Aged 0–12 Years Referred to a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. e193-e198
Author(s):  
Brinda Eswaramoorthy ◽  
Ratan Gupta ◽  
Meenakshi Bhatt ◽  
Manas Pratim Roy
Keyword(s):  
Early Warning ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
North India ◽  
Early Warning Score ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Therapeutic Services

AbstractPediatric patients are referred for multiple reasons, either for better therapeutic services or diagnostic purposes. The clinical condition of patients at the time of referral can significantly affect the outcome of such patients and there is not much data on this aspect. The overall objective of this study was to study the demographic and clinical profile, the causes for referral, and the outcome of pediatric patients being referred to a single tertiary care hospital. This was a prospective observational study done in the Department of Pediatrics of a single tertiary care hospital in North India over the course of 1 year. Patients referred from other health facilities in the age group 0 to 12 years who were admitted in the pediatric ward of the hospital were enrolled. The primary objective was to study the clinical profile and outcome (mortality) of these patients. The secondary objectives were to study the referral pattern of the referred patients, causes for referral, and the severity of illness at the time of admission as assessed by Irish Pediatric Early Warning Score (PEWS) and its correlation with the outcome. The outcomes were categorized as: discharge, death, left against medical advice, referred to other centers, others. Early warning scores are useful to measure the severity of disease and to follow patients' progress. The Irish PEWS score was used in this study to provide a rapid measure of the degree of sickness. Respiratory system disorders and neonatal illnesses were the most common illnesses observed. Most patients had low disease severity as per Irish PEWS score. The overall mortality rate among the referred patients was 19.25%. Patients with younger age, higher scores, neonatal illnesses, and neurological disorders had higher risk of mortality. Training of health personnel at primary and secondary levels in the commonly encountered illnesses will improve provision of care at the local level and decrease low risk referrals.

scholarly journals Antibiotic prescribing pattern among paediatric patients attending tertiary care hospital in South India

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1028
Author(s):  
R. P. Priyadharsini ◽  
R. Kesavan
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Generic Drugs ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Prescribing Pattern ◽  
Essential Drug List ◽  
Paediatric Age

Background: The usage of antibiotics among paediatric age group in India is on the higher side, that more than 60% of children in the age group 0 to 4 years received antibiotics. The higher use of antibiotics results in antibiotic resistance, increased health care costs, adverse drug reaction and may complicate the treatment of infections in future. There is a continuous need to monitor the prescription of antibiotics at all health care levels to prevent antibiotic resistance.Methods: A prospective and descriptive study was conducted in one of the pharmacies which dispenses the paediatric prescriptions in a tertiary hospital. The prescriptions used to treat infection were collected and analysed. A total of 500 prescriptions were collected and analysed.Results: The prescriptions were analysed for the WHO prescribing indicators. The average number of drugs per prescription is 1.84 with 21% of the prescriptions containing antibiotics. The most commonly prescribed antibiotics were penicillin like amoxycillin, phenoxymethyl penicillin followed by cotrimoxazole and cephalosporin group of antibiotics. The antibiotics prescribed belonged to the access group of antibiotics. The percentage of the prescriptions with drugs form essential drugs list and prescribed with generic name is 65.8% and 67% respectively. There were no injections prescribed.Conclusions: The antibiotic prescribing pattern and the average drugs per prescription falls with the WHO range indicating reduced use of antibiotics and absence of polypharmacy. However, the prescription of generic drugs and the drugs from the essential drug list is less.

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