scholarly journals Etiology of bacterial and parasitological pediatric diarrhoea in a tertiary care hospital

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 54-57
Author(s):  
Animesh Panda ◽  
Shiv Kumar Chandrakar ◽  
Smita Bawankar ◽  
Dhruba Hari Chandi
Keyword(s):  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Central Research Institute ◽  
Central Research ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Pathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Stool Samples

Background : Before starting to discuss about Diarrhoea, we have to remember diarrhoea is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in children. Aims and Objectives : The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitic and bacterial infections as cause of childhood diarrhoea. Materials and Methods : During the study period, a total of 116 stool samples were collected and processed. Examined grossly and microscopically for presence of ova/cyst. They were also cultured on MacConkey agar and E. coli isolated were identified by standard biochemical tests.Results : Out of 116 stools samples, Entamoeba histolytica (63.33%) and Giardia lamblia (23.33%) were more common parasitic cause diarrhoea among children by either ova or cyst. E.coli (74.13%) was common bacterial cause of diarrhoea among children. E. coli isolated in pure culture and sent for sero typing to Central Research Institute (CRI), Kasauli. Maximum percent were found to be pathogenic Escherichia coli i.e. EPEC 22.5%. Conclusion :  According to the result, the most common cause of bacterial diarrhoea is E.coli. EPEC were more prevalent followed by EHEC. Thus, macroscopic and microscopic stool examinations as well as culture were important for finding out the course of diarrhoea in childhood.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol. 7(3) 2016 54-57

scholarly journals Extra-intestinal salmonellosis in a tertiary care center in South India

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (07) ◽  
pp. 831-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sukanya Sudhaharan ◽  
Kanne Padmaja ◽  
Rachana Solanki ◽  
Vemu Lakshmi ◽  
Pamidi Umabala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Central Research Institute ◽  
Central Research ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
Vitek 2 ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Salmonella Senftenberg

Introduction: The present study is a retrospective analysis of a total of 36 cases of bacteriologically proven extra-intestinal salmonellosis, managed at Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, between 1987 and 2012 (25 years). The extra-intestinal sites involved were the skin, cerebrum, spleen, ovary, synovium, and the skeletal muscle. Methodology: The extra-intestinal specimens were first processed using standard methods. Colonies suspected as Salmonella were identified by standard laboratory methods, initially by manual biochemical reactions and later by the API system (bioMerieux, Marcy l’Etoile- France) and the Vitek-2 system (bioMerieux). All the Salmonella isolates were sent to Central Research Institute, Kasauli, for serotyping. Results: The predominant serotype isolated was Salmonella Typhi (S. Typhi) in 27 (75%) patients, followed by Salmonella Senftenberg (S. Senftenberg) in 5 (14%), Salmonella Paratyphi A (S. Paratyphi A) in 3 (8%), and Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) in 1 (3%). There was an increasing resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, cephalosporins (third generation), and quinolones over the 25 years. Conclusions: The diagnosis of extra-intestinal salmonellosis requires a high degree of clinical suspicion and should be included in the differential diagnosis in patients with deep-seated abscesses.

scholarly journals Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among patients attending in a tertiary care hospital of eastern region of Nepal – A retrospective, laboratory based study

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 55-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ratna Baral ◽  
Pramod Jha ◽  
Ritu Amatya ◽  
Basudha Khanal
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Intestinal Protozoa ◽  
Intestinal Parasitosis ◽  
Stool Samples

Background: Intestinal parasitosis still constitutes one of the major causes of public healthproblems in the world, particularly in developing countries. Nepal is a small, impoverished country prevalent to infectious diseases, including intestinal parasitosis. Poverty, lack of awareness, failure to practice proper hand washing after defecation, practice of open defecation, unsafe drinking water and use of improper toilets are some of the reasons causing of parasitic infections.Aims and Objective: To determine the types of intestinal parasites in stool samples of patients attending to hospital. Materials and Methods: Stools specimens collected in standard stool vial were submitted in microbiology (2006-2010) unit at BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences hospital (BPKIHS) were examined for intestinal parasites by direct wet mount using normal saline (0.9%) and lugol’s iodine (0.5%).Results: A total of 11,791 stool samples (2928 in 2006, 2238 in 2007, 2151 in 2008, 2344 in 2009 and 2130 in 2010) were submitted to the Parasitology section of Department of Microbiology BPKIHS were included in the analysis. Of these, 675 (5.72%) were positive intestinal protozoa and 289 (2.45%) for intestinal helminths. Giardia intestinalis accounted for the most prevalent parasitic infection (3.34%) followed by Entamoeba histolytica/E. dispar (1.96%) and Hookworm (0.97%). A parasitic infection was observed to be highest among 20-50 years of age group and lowest in the less than 5 years group of subjects.Conclusion: Intestinal parasitosis is a common problem. Amoebiasis, giardiasis and the common intestinal helminthes Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm, and Trichuris trichiura were prevalent in our settings.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.8(3) 2017 55-59

scholarly journals The Usage of Antibiotics by COVID-19 Patients with Comorbidities: The Risk of Increased Antimicrobial Resistance

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Basit Zeshan ◽  
Mohmed Isaqali Karobari ◽  
Nadia Afzal ◽  
Amer Siddiq ◽  
Sakeenabi Basha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Surgical Intensive Care ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tract Infections

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health issue that plays a significant role in morbidity and mortality, especially in immunocompromised patients. It also becomes a serious threat to the successful treatment of many bacterial infections. The widespread and irrelevant use of antibiotics in hospitals and local clinics is the leading cause of AMR. Under this scenario, the study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Lahore, Pakistan, from 2 August 2021 to 31 October 2021 to discover the prevalence of bacterial infections and AMR rates in COVID-19 patients admitted in surgical intensive care units (SICUs). Clinical samples were collected from the patients and we proceeded to identify bacterial isolates, followed by antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) using the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The data of other comorbidities were also collected from the patient’s medical record. The current study showed that the most common pathogens were E. coli (32%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (17%). Most E. coli were resistant to ciprofloxacin (16.8%) and ampicillin (19.8%). Klebsiella pneumoniae were more resistant to ampicillin (13.3%) and amoxycillin (12.0%). The most common comorbidity was chronic kidney disease (CKD) and urinary tract infections (UTIs). Around 17 different types of antibiotic, the carbapenem, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycoside, and quinolones, were highly prevalent in ICU patients. The current study provides valuable data on the clinical implication of antibiotics consumed by COVID-19 patients in SICUs and the AMR rates, especially with different comorbidities.

scholarly journals Current Susceptibility Trend of Antibiotics in a Tertiary Care Hospital - Need to Emphasize on Alternate Therapeutic Agents

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Manisha Khandait ◽  
Tapesh Bansal ◽  
Pankaj Mandale
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Icu Patients ◽  
Antibiotic Policy ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Choice Of Treatment ◽  
Antibacterial Susceptibility

Introduction: In the light of changing anti-microbial resistance pattern, the understanding of the local antibiogram is essential in the antibiotic selection procedures and preparation of hospital antibiotic policy. Aim: This retrospective study was aimed to analyze the antibacterial susceptibility pattern of major isolates from ICU and IPD. Materials and Methods: Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done for a total of 565 Gram-negative isolates including E. coli, K. pnuemoniae, A. baumannnii and P. aeruginosa from ICU and IPD patients enrolled between July 2016 to December 2016. Results: The majority of the isolates were reported from urine samples (52%) in IPD and sputum (59%) in ICU. The susceptibility to BL/BLI was 50-75% in IPD patients and Carbapenem susceptibility was reported in more than 75% except P. aeruginosa. In ICU patients, the beta-lactam/beta-lactam inhibitor (BL/BLI) susceptibility ranged between 20-60% and the carbapenem susceptibility was around 40%-75%. The susceptibility of CSE-1034 (Ceftriaxone + Sulbactam + EDTA) was almost similar to minocycline and amikacin ranging from 50-90% against different species. Compared to carbapenems, the CSE-1034 performed overall better than carbapenems against P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii and was comparable to carbapenems against Enterobacteriaceae. The susceptibility of colistin ranged from 92-97% in both IPD and ICU isolates. Conclusion: Considering the value of carbapenems and colistin as the last option for multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacterial infections, irrational prescription of these drugs should be stopped. The use of ampicillin-sulbactam, cefepime and gentamicin from 1st line antibiotics in ICU patients can help to reduce the load on 2nd line antibiotics. Among 2nd line drugs, CSE-1034 along with amikacin should be an empirical choice of treatment for bacterial infections where the 1st line drugs are suspected to fail and the need of carbapenems arises.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infestations among Children in a Tertiary Care Centre

2021 ◽  
pp. 882-886
Author(s):  
J. S. Danish ◽  
P. Vasanth ◽  
V. Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Pediatric Age Group ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
One Year

Introduction: Intestinal parasitic infestations are more common in developing countries and an important cause of morbidity in pediatric age group. It causes abdominal pain, diarrhoea, anemia, impaired cognitive function, growth retardation and poor academic performance among school going children. Objectives: To analyze age, gender and most common parasitic infestations among children in a tertiary care hospital in south India. Materials and Methods: Stool samples of pediatric patients in a tertiary care hospital is analysed for a period of one year for detection of prevalence of parasitic infestations. Results: In our study, 115 stool samples were analysed and prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections was found to be 7.82% (9/115).There were five different parasites encountered. The most common parasite identified was Giardia lamblia(4/9)(44.44%) followed by Entamoeba histolytica(2/9)(22.22%), Ascarislumbricoides(1/9)(11.11%), Trichuris trichiura(1/9)(11.11%), and Hymenolepis nana(1/9)(11.11%). Conclusion: Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba histolytica were found to be the most common organism in our study. Awareness about proper hygiene, sanitation and prophylactic anti-protozoal medications is important to prevent the occurrence and complications of intestinal parasitic infestations.

scholarly journals Etiology of Infectious Diarrhea in Patients Tested for Clostridium difficile: If It Isn’t Clostridium difficile, What Is It?

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S2-S2
Author(s):  
Jennie H Kwon ◽  
Tiffany Hink ◽  
Kimberly Reske ◽  
Erik R Dubberke ◽  
Carey-Ann D Burnham
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Stool Culture ◽  
Blood Agar Plate ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Toxigenic Culture ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Research Grant

Abstract Background The objective of the study was to assay for alternative infectious causes of diarrhea in patients with negative EIA tests for Clostridium difficile. Methods A hard-stop alert was implemented at a tertiary care hospital to limit repeat testing for C. difficile within 96 hours of an initial negative EIA. Stool samples from patients with a negative (–) repeat EIA test for C. difficile within 96 hours in the 3 months pre- and postintervention underwent further evaluation: C. difficile toxigenic culture, GeneXpert C. difficile PCR, Biofire Gastrointestinal (GI) Panel, and culture on a blood agar plate. Results Of the 84 C. difficile EIA stool specimens evaluated, 8% were toxigenic culture positive (+), 8% tested + for C. difficile via the Biofire GI panel, and 5 (7%) + with the GenXpert C. difficile PCR (Table 1). Three of these patients were diagnosed with CDI within 30 days of a + test. Five patients were + for Norovirus via Biofire GI panel; none were tested for or diagnosed with Norovirus. Two patients were + for Enteropathogenic E. coli and one for Enteroaggregative E. coli via Biofire GI panel; none were tested for or diagnosed with E. coli infection. One patient was positive for Salmonella and Salmonella was isolated by stool culture. Conclusion Patients tested for C. difficile may have alternate causes of diarrhea. When evaluating hospitalized patients with diarrhea, C. difficile, along with alternate causes of diarrhea can be considered. Disclosures E. R. Dubberke, Merck: Consultant, Consulting fee; Biofire: one time talk, Speaker honorarium;; Alere: one-time talk, Speaker honorarium; Sanofi pasteur: Grant Investigator, Grant recipient; Pfizer: Consultant, Consulting fee; Rebiotix: Investigator, Research support; Rebiotix: Consultant, Consulting fee; valneva: Consultant, Consulting fee; C. A. D. Burnham, bioMerieux: Grant Investigator, Research grant; ThermoFisher: Consultant, Salary; Cepheid: Grant Investigator, Research grant

ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN OF MICROBIAL ISOLATES OBTAINED FROM OBSTETRICS PATIENTS IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN NORTHERN INDIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 34-35
Author(s):  
Shruti Sharma ◽  
Aditya Rana ◽  
Subhash Chand Jaryal ◽  
Anuradha Sood ◽  
Daaman Thakur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Empiric Therapy ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Northern India ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

BACKGROUND: Urinary tract infections (UTI) are one of the most frequent clinical bacterial infections in women. They are at higher risk to acquire UTI during pregnancy. The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance is a cause of increasing concern. Thus, knowledge of local antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of common uropathogens is essential for empiric therapy of UTIs. Retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology of DRPGM MATERIALS AND METHODS: C Kangra at Tanda. Study was conducted for the period of one years ie. from July 2020 to June 202. Urine samples were collected and sent to the laboratory for identication and antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial isolates. RESULTS: During the 12-month study period, out of the 1266 samples screened, 977(77.2%) were sterile, 224(17.698%) samples showed signicant growth of >10฀CFU/ml and 65(5.1%) were contaminanst or insignicant growth, which were excluded from the study. E. coli alone accounted for 66.9% of the urinary isolates followed by Klebsiella spp 12.9%. Among the Gram-positive cocci, Enterococcus isolated from a single sample and Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus were seen in two urine samples. Signicantly high susceptibility was seen with fosfomycin(90%) and nitrofurantoin(84%). Resistance was quite high against the noroxacin(30.3%) and cefazolin(17.8%). The susceptibility patterns seen in our study see CONCLUSION: m to suggest that it is necessary to obtain sensitivity reports before initiation of antibiotic therapy in cases of suspected UTI

Homelessness among an inpatient HIV-positive cohort at a tertiary care hospital in central London

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 705-707
Author(s):  
Venkateshwaran Sivaraj ◽  
Rudiger Pittrof ◽  
Olubanke Davies ◽  
Ranjababu Kulasegaram
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Substance Misuse ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Hiv Viral Load ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 Cell

A cohort review was conducted at a central London tertiary care hospital trust on the prevalence of homelessness among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive inpatients over a year. Data were collected on the duration of inpatient stay, co-morbidities including acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-defining illnesses, co-infections, initiation of antiretroviral therapy, CD4 cell count, HIV viral load and substance misuse. Homeless people were found to be at high risk for hepatitis C, mental health illness, substance misuse including injecting drug use, recurrent bacterial infections, AIDS-associated illnesses, lower CD4 cell counts and HIV viremia. They also had more missed HIV outpatient appointments. It was highlighted that a multidisciplinary approach in their care was necessary to address their needs and reduce the morbidity burden in this cohort.

scholarly journals The prevalence of the iutA and ibeA genes in Escherichia coli isolates from severe and non-severe patients with bacteremic acute biliary tract infection is significantly different

Gut Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahoko Ikeda ◽  
Tatsuya Kobayashi ◽  
Fumie Fujimoto ◽  
Yuta Okada ◽  
Yoshimi Higurashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Biliary Tract ◽  
Iron Acquisition ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Biliary Tract Infection ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Severe Group ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Background Although Escherichia coli is the most frequently isolated microorganism in acute biliary tract infections with bacteremia, data regarding its virulence are limited. Results Information on cases of bacteremia in acute biliary tract infection in a retrospective study was collected from 2013 to 2015 at a tertiary care hospital in Japan. Factors related to the severity of infection were investigated, including patient background, phylogenetic typing, and virulence factors of E. coli, such as adhesion, invasion, toxins, and iron acquisition. In total, 72 E. coli strains were identified in 71 cases, most of which primarily belonged to the B2 phylogroup (68.1%). The presence of the iutA gene (77.3% in the non-severe group, 46.4% in the severe group, P = 0.011) and the ibeA gene (9.1% in the non-severe group, and 35.7% in the severe group, P = 0.012) was significantly associated with the severity of infection. Among the patient characteristics, diabetes mellitus with organ involvement and alkaline phosphatase were different in the severe and non-severe groups. Conclusions We showed that bacteremic E. coli strains from acute biliary tract infections belonged to the virulent (B2) phylogroup. The prevalence of the iutA and ibeA genes between the two groups of bacteremia severity was significantly different.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document