Evaluation of occurrence of sesamoid bones in the lower extremity radiographs

The purpose of this study was to examine the plain AP radiograph of foot and lateral radiograph of knee in order to determine the prevalence and size of sesamoid bone in different part of foot and on the posterior aspect of the knee joint. A cross-sectional study was performed in Department of Radiology and Imaging, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital from July to September 2014. A total of 206 radiographs of foot (55) and knee (155) were collected. 121 (58.7%) were female and 85 (41.3%) were male. The most common site of sesamoid bone in foot was in the first metatarsal joint (96.4%) whereas the sesamoid bone in knee joint, fabella was found in 12.3% of total cases. The prevalence is more common in female than in male. The length and breadth of the sesamoid bones were measured and then area of bones was calculated. The size of medial and lateral sesamoid bone in the first MTP Joint was measured 0.6225 cm2 and 0.8261 cm2 respectively. The mean size of sesamoid bone of knee, fabella was 0.2818 cm2.

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Waiting time analysis in a paediatric outpatient clinic in South East Nigeria

Medical Science and Discovery ◽

10.36472/msd.v8i2.459 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 50-59

Author(s):

Onyinye Anyanwu ◽

Thecla Ezeonu ◽

Lauretta Orji ◽

Obumneme Ezeanosike ◽

Charles Ikegwuonu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Patient Satisfaction ◽

Waiting Time ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

University Teaching ◽

Care Practice ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Time Flow ◽

Paediatric Outpatient ◽

The Mean ◽

Mean Time

Objective: Waiting time is a resource investment by the patient for the desired goal of being attended to by the physician. It is the time taken or spent in waiting to be attended to by a physician in a health facility. It is important because waiting time is an essential determinant of patient satisfaction in health care practice, and its study would expose the bottleneck areas in patient’s time-flow so that the facility can improve services with that regard. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study of time spent by paediatric patients in the outpatient department of Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki by secretly following the patients from arrival at CHOP till after consultation. Means were calculated of time spent in various areas. Results: Of the 384 patients observed, the mean (SD) total time spent in the hospital was 142.58 (23.17) minutes while waiting time and consultation time were 113.15(18.01) and 24.43 (10.38) minutes respectively. The mean time spent at the nurse’s bay was 23.79 (6.47) minutes, while that spent at the queue was 22.94 (8.98) minutes. The time spent at the records unit was the highest, with a mean time of 47.2 (17.42) minutes. Conclusion: The long waiting time obtained from the current study is mostly attributable to delays from the records/registration unit, therefore conceited efforts aimed at improvement of service delivery in this unit will reduce patient waiting time and invariably patient satisfaction.

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Level of Serum Electrolytes in Chronic Alcoholic Patients

Annals of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine ◽

10.3126/acclm.v1i2.13330 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 31-34

Author(s):

Mithileshwer Raut ◽

Sangita Ghimire ◽

Prashant Regmi ◽

Sanjay Kumar Raut ◽

Bharat Jha

Keyword(s):

Serum Levels ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

University Teaching ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Chronic Alcoholic ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Sodium Potassium ◽

Mean Values ◽

Calcium Phosphorus ◽

The Mean

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to establish serum levels of sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium and phosphorus in chronic alcoholic patients.METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital (TUTH). A total of 90 chronic alcoholic patients visiting to psychiatry department of TUTH were included in the study. Age of patients ranges from 20-50 years. Study also included 90 non-alcoholic healthy controls that were age matched.RESULTS: Among the 90 chronic alcoholic patients and 90 normal healthy controls, majority of patients (95.5%) and controls (82%) were male, only few patients were female (4.5%). The mean age of the cases and controls were 35.42 ± 5.6 years, 34.53 ± 3.5 years respectively. In this study, the mean values of Serum Sodium and Potassium were lower in cases (133.58 ± 7.8, sodium and 3.64 ± 0.65, potassium) as compared to controls ( 139.43 ± 3.85, sodium and 4.15 ± 0.43, potassium) with the significant correlation in both groups (p<0.001). Calcium, phosphorus and magnesium level was depleted in cases compared to control groups.CONCLUSIONS: Hyponatremia and hypokalemia are the most common electrolyte abnormalities observed in chronic alcoholic patients.

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Measurement of Subpubic Angle in Radiograph

Nepalese Journal of Radiology ◽

10.3126/njr.v10i2.35972 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 22-25

Author(s):

Prakash Kayastha ◽

Sundar Suwal ◽

Leena Shrestha ◽

Sharma Paudel ◽

Shanta Lall Shrestha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pearson Correlation ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Symphysis Pubis ◽

University Teaching ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Pubic Rami ◽

Equality Of Means ◽

The Mean ◽

Inferior Border

Introduction: Subpubic angle, an important parameter used for sex determination in the pelvis, is the angle between two inferior pubic rami below the symphysis pubis. This study was carried out to determine the subpubic angle among the individuals referred for pelvic and KUB radiographs in the department of Radiology and Imaging, Tribhuvan University, Teaching Hospital.Methods: Prospective cross-sectional study was done on 120 individuals. The subpubic angle was measured by drawing two tangent lines on the inferior border of the pubic rami. The subpubic angle of both sexes was measured. An independent sample t-test for equality of means was used to determine the difference between the two sexes regarding the subpubic angle. The correlation between the subpubic angle and the age of subjects was obtained using Pearson Correlation Coefficients in males and females.Results: The range of the subpubic angle in male was 82o to 122° and the mean was 104.72°±10.47°. In females, the range was 96o to 159° and the mean was 137.15°±11.92° with a significant statistical difference from the angle in male (p<0.05). The subpubic angle was not significantly correlated with age in males (r=0.029, p=0.824) whereas, in females, the correlation of subpubic angle with age was significant (r=-0.303, p=0.019).Conclusion: The mean subpubic angle was significantly wider in females than in males in this study. We found a weak negative correlation between subpubic angle and age in females whereas in the male there was no correlation between age and subpubic angle.

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Brief Overview and Experience of Visual Evoked Potential of First 67 cases at Referral Neuroscience Hospital in Bangladesh

Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh ◽

10.3329/jninb.v6i2.50744 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 74-77

Author(s):

Mohammad Enayet Hussain ◽

Bithi Debnath ◽

AFM Al Masum Khan ◽

Md Ferdous Mian ◽

Md Nahidul Islam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Optic Neuritis ◽

Clinical Diagnosis ◽

Optic Neuropathy ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

P Value ◽

Pattern Reversal ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Mean ◽

Visual Evoked

Background: The visual evoked potentials (VEP) is a valuable tool to document occult lesions of the central visual channels especially within the optic nerve. Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to observe the findings of first few cases of VEP done in the neurophysiology department of the National Institute of Neurosciences (NINS), Dhaka, Bangladesh. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Neurophysiology at the National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh from September 2017 to March 2020. All patients referred to the Neurophysiology Department of NINS for VEP were included. Pattern reversal VEPs were done using standard protocol set by International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology (IFCN). Results: The mean age of the study population was 30.70 (±12.11) years (6-68 years) with 31 (46.3%) male and 36 (53.7%) female patients. The mean duration of illness was 8.71 (±1.78) months (3 days- 120 months). Most common presenting symptom was blurring of vision (37.3%) and dimness of vision (32.8%). Patterned VEP revealed mixed type (both demyelinating and axonal) of abnormality in most cases [29(43.35)]. The most common clinical diagnosis was multiple sclerosis (29.85%) and optic neuropathy (26.87%). In the clinically suspected cases of multiple sclerosis, optic neuropathy and optic neuritis most of the cases of VEP were abnormal and the p value is 0.04 in optic neuropathy and optic neuritis. Conclusion: The commonest presentation of the patients in this series were blurring of vision and dimness of vision. The most common clinical diagnosis for which VEP was asked for, was optic neuritis and multiple sclerosis. Most abnormalities were of mixed pattern (demyelinating and axonal). Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, 2020;6(2): 74-77

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Sonographic Assessment of Amniotic Fluid Volume using Single Deepest Pocket (SDP) among Igbo Women with Uncomplicated Singleton Pregnancies.

10.33798/ajmas2019/00265. ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 1-18

Author(s):

Chijioke Okeudo ◽

B.U. Ezem

Keyword(s):

Amniotic Fluid ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Fluid Volume ◽

Singleton Pregnancy ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

South Eastern ◽

Amniotic Fluid Volume ◽

The Mean ◽

Singleton Pregnancies

Background: The amniotic fluid is fundamental for proper fetal development and growth. Ultrasound visualization of the amniotic fluid permits both subjective and objective estimates of the amniotic fluid. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the reference values of normal single deepest pocket (SDP) – upper and lower limits, mean SDP and variation of the SDP with gestational age among Igbo women of South-Eastern Nigeria extraction carrying uncomplicated singleton pregnancy. Methodology: This was a prospective cross sectional study involving 400 women carrying uncomplicated singleton pregnancies and who were sure of the date of the first day of their last menstrual period. The single deepest pocket / maximum vertical pool were determined once at presentation at the hospital.. The study was conducted from January 1st to December 31st 2015. The second author carried out all the scanning. The SDP was obtained. Results: The womens’ mean and median ages were the same at 28 years. The gestational age range of the pregnancies was 14-41 weeks. The mean SDP was 5.8cm, while the 5th and 95th percentiles were 3.3cm and 8.5cm respectively. There was no difference in the mean SDP in both term and preterm. There was irregular but continuous rise of mean SDP to a peak of 6.8cm at gestational age of 39 weeks. In conclusion, the participants had a mean SDP of 5.8cm. There was also a positive correlation between SDP and Gestational age. We therefore recommend a longitudinal study to assess perinatal outcome and abnormal amniotic fluid volume among Igbo women of South-Eastern Nigeria. Key words: Single Deepest Pocket, Uncomplicated Singleton Pregnancy, Igbo Women.

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Advantages and limitations of the endoscopic tympanoscopy a prospective study

10.30574/ijsra.2020.1.1.0016 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 012-017

Author(s):

Najib Zouhair ◽

Anass Chaouki ◽

Amine M’khatri ◽

Youssef Oukessou ◽

Sami Rouadi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Middle Ear ◽

Operating Time ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Invasive Approach ◽

Intraoperative Bleeding ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Early Return ◽

The Mean ◽

Endoscopic Tympanoplasty

Tympanoplasty is one of the most performed procedures in ENT. The aggressiveness of its microscopic approach has led otologists to adopt the endoscopic approach as a less invasive alternative. The purpose of this work is to appreciate the advantages and disadvantages of this surgical technique. We conducted a prospective descriptive cross-sectional study on 20 interventions within the ENT department of August the 20th 1953 Hospital of Casablanca from April 2019 to June 2019. The average age of operated patients was 36.3 years. Perforations were unilateral in (71%) of the cases with a predominance of the anterior (29%) and subtotal (36%) locations. The tympanoplasties were performed by 3 different senior otologic surgeons, and were left in (57%). The mean operating time was (59.5 min) and the mean anesthesia duration was 75.1 min. Intraoperative vision allowed us to fully visualize the margins of all perforations (100%) and anatomical structures of the middle ear in almost all interventions. The first procedures carried out were filled with difficulties whose management of intraoperative bleeding was the main one in (42.8%) of the cases. (57%) procedures were described as easy. No complication was detected intraoperatively or immediately postoperatively. Endoscopic tympanoplasty has several advantages, including: Minimally invasive approach to the middle ear; panoramic perioperative vision; Gain of operating time; decrease in the duration of anesthesia; Valuable educational tool; postoperative comfort; Decrease in hospital stay and early return to daily activities; Better aesthetic rendering; cost and transportability. However, we also note a number of disadvantages of endoscopic tympanoplasty, particularly: performing the procedure with one hand; difficulty passing through the EAC; 2D vision that alters the perception of depth; management of intraoperative bleeding; fogging; learning curve.

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Comparison of Heffner Criteria and Light Criteria in Differentiating Exudative and Transudative Pleural Effusion

Nepal Medical College Journal ◽

10.3126/nmcj.v22i3.32638 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 141-145

Author(s):

Krishna Chandra Devkota ◽

S Hamal ◽

PP Panta

Keyword(s):

Pleural Effusion ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Pleural Space ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical College ◽

The Common ◽

The Mean ◽

Exudative Pleural Effusion

Pleural effusion is present when there is >15ml of fluid is accumulated in the pleural space. It can be divided into two types; exudative and transudative pleural effusion. Tuberculosis and parapneumonic effusion are the common cause of exudative pleural effusion whereas heart failure accounts for most of the cases of transudative pleural effusion. This study was a hospital based cross sectional study performed at Nepal Medical College during the period of January 2016-December 2016. A total of 50 patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were enrolled. Pleural effusion was confirmed by clinical examination and radiology. After confirmation of pleural effusion, pleural fluid was aspirated and was analysed for protein, LDH, cholesterol. The Heffner criteria was compared with Light criteria to classify exudative or transudative pleural effusion. Among 50 patients, 30 were male and 20 were female. The mean age of patient was 45.4±21.85 years. The sensitivity and specificity of using Light criteria to detect the two type of pleural effusion was 100% and 90.9%, whereas using Heffner criteria was 94.87%, 100% respectively(P<0.01). There are variety of causes for development of pleural effusion and no one criteria is definite to differentiate between exudative or transudative effusion. In this study Light criteria was more sensitive whereas Heffner criteria was more specific to classify exudative pleural effusion. Hence a combination of criteria might be useful in case where there is difficulty to identify the cause of pleural effusion.

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Evaluation of Drug Use Based on WHO Prescribing Indicator in Mizan- Tepi University Teaching Hospital, south Western Ethiopia: A Cross Sectional Study

Current Drug Therapy ◽

10.2174/1574885515999200819092717 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

Author(s):

Solomon Hambisa ◽

Rediet Feleke ◽

Ameha Zewudie ◽

Mohammed Yimam

Keyword(s):

Drug Use ◽

World Health Organization ◽

Teaching Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

University Teaching ◽

World Health ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Hospital Data ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Health Organization

Background:: Rational drug use comprises aspects of prescribing, dispensing and patient use of medicines for different health problems. This study is aimed to assess drug prescribing practice based on the world health organization prescribing indicators in Mizan-Tepi University teaching hospital. Methods:: An institutional based retrospective cross sectional study was conducted to evaluate prescribing practices in Mizan-Tepi University teaching hospital. Data were collected based on World health organization drug use indicators using prescription papers. 600 prescriptions dispensed through the general outpatient pharmacy of the hospital were collected by systematic random sampling method from prescriptions written for a 1-year time in Mizan-Tepi University teaching hospital. Results:: The present study found that the average number of drugs per prescription was 2.04 ± 0.87 in Mizan-Tepi University teaching hospital with a range between 1 and 5. Prescribing by generic name was 97.6 % and 47.8% of prescriptions contained antibiotics in the hospital. 27.7% of prescriptions contained at least one injectable medication in Mizan-Tepi University teaching hospital. From prescribed drugs, 96.7% of them were prescribed from Ethiopian essential drug list. Conclusion:: Present study indicated that the average number of drugs prescribed per encounter, the percentage of generic prescribing and prescribing from the EDL were close to optimal value. However, the percentage of encounters with antibiotics and injections prescribed were found be very high. Thus, the study highlights some improvements in prescribing habits, particularly by focusing on the inappropriate consumption of antibiotics and injections.

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High Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet Is Associated with a Reduced Risk of Obesity among Adults in Gulf Countries

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13030995 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 995

Author(s):

Israa M. Shatwan ◽

Eiman A. Alhinai ◽

Balqees Alawadhi ◽

Shelini Surendran ◽

Najlaa M. Aljefree ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mediterranean Diet ◽

Total Sample ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Inverse Association ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Hip Circumference ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Gulf Countries ◽

The Mean ◽

The Mediterranean

The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) is considered as a good example of a healthy dietary pattern that has protective effects on obesity. The aim of the present study was to assess the adherence of adults from three Gulf countries (Saudi Arabia, Oman, and Kuwait) to the MedDiet and its association with obesity risk. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 961 men and women (75.7%) aged 20–55 years old. Waist circumference (WC), and hip circumference (HC) were measured waist/hip ratio (WHR) and body mass index (BMI) were calculated. A validated 14-item Questionnaire was used to measure adherence to MedDiet. The mean of the adherence to MedDiet score was 5.9 ± 2.03 for the total sample. An inverse association was observed between the adherence to MedDiet and BMI after adjusting for potential confounders (p = 0.0003 in total participants, and p = 0.001 in women only). A protective effect was seen with a higher adherence to the MedDiet on HC, suggesting that a greater adherence to the MedDiet was associated with a decreased HC (p = 0.04 in total participants, and p = 0.01 in women only). In conclusion, low adherence to the MedDiet among participants from three gulf countries was associated with increased obesity indicators, BMI, and HC.

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Altered retinal oxygen metabolism in patients with combined ocular and central nervous system sarcoidosis

Rheumatology ◽

10.1093/rheumatology/keaa781 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Astrid Kindt ◽

Keld-Erik Byg ◽

Jimmi Wied ◽

Torkell Ellingsen ◽

Jesper Rømhild Davidsen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Metabolism ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Screening Methods ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Corrected Visual Acuity ◽

Multi Linear Regression ◽

The Mean ◽

Arteriovenous Difference ◽

Retinal Arteriolar ◽

Retinal Oximetry

Abstract Objective To evaluate retinal oxygen metabolism by retinal oximetry for ocular and CNS diseases in a cross-sectional study of sarcoidosis. Methods Overall 201 eyes from 103 biopsy-verified sarcoidosis patients were included and divided into four groups depending on the organ affection: (i) sarcoidosis without ocular or CNS affection, (ii) ocular sarcoidosis, (iii) CNS sarcoidosis, and (iv) combined ocular and CNS sarcoidosis. Retinal oximetry was obtained and analysed, with the mean retinal arteriolar and venular saturation as well as arteriovenous difference as principal outcomes. Comparison between groups was done in a multi linear regression model adjusted for age, sex, duration of sarcoidosis, best corrected visual acuity and retinal oximetry quality. Results Mean (s.d.) age was 50.5 (13.4) (95% CI: 47.9, 53.1) years and 52.2% were males. Eyes of the combined Ocular/CNS group had a higher retinal arteriovenous difference than eyes of the Non-ocular/no-CNS group (42.1% vs 37.7%, P = 0.012) but did not differ between other groups. Eyes in the four groups (Non-ocular/no-CNS, Ocular, CNS and Ocular/CNS) did not differ according to retinal arterial (94.5%, 93.5%, 93.5% and 94.5%, respectively) or venular (57.5%, 56.4%, 55.0% and 52.5%, respectively) oxygen saturation. Conclusions The results of this study suggest that eyes of sarcoidosis patients with combined ocular and CNS affection have an altered oxygen metabolism indicating a subclinical eye affection that is not recognized by conventional screening methods.

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