scholarly journals Preparation of Activated Carbon from Lapsi Seed Stone and its Application for the Removal of Arsenic from Water

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 211-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rinita Rajbhandari ◽  
Lok Kumar Shrestha ◽  
Raja Ram Pradhananga
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Iodine Number ◽  
Zinc Chloride ◽  
Arsenic Removal ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Arsenic Adsorption ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
Removal Of Arsenic ◽  
Iron Impregnation

In this paper, Guaranteed Services Token (GuST) protocol for integrated Adsorption of arsenic by activated carbon prepared from locally available Lapsi seed stone is presented. Activated carbon has been prepared by carbonization of Lapsi seed stone (chorespondias axillaris, Roxb) in a nitrogen atmosphere at 400°C. Chemical activation using a 1:1 ratio of Lapsi seed stone powder and zinc chloride followed by iron impregnation greatly enhanced the arsenic adsorption capacity for adsorption of arsenic from ground water. Activated carbon of dose 2g/L decreased the concentration of arsenic in water from 800 ppb to below the interim guide line value of 50 ppb of arsenic in drinking water of Nepal. The iodine number of raw carbon is quite low but chemical activation using 1:1 Lapsi seed powder and zinc chloride at 400°C increased the iodine number to 791mg/g. Iron impregnated activated carbon prepared from locally available Lapsi seed stones can be used in community level at point- of- use for treatment of arsenic contaminated ground water.Key words: activated carbon; Arsenic removal; Adsorption; Chorespondias axillaris; Iron impregnated carbonDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v8i1-2.5113Journal of the Institute of Engineering Vol. 8, No. 1&2, 2010/2011Page: 211-218Uploaded Date: 20 July, 2011

scholarly journals Optimization of Conditions for the Preparation of Activated Carbon from Lapsi (Choerospondias axillaris) Seed Stone Using ZnCl2

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rinita Rajbhandari Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Iodine Number ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Zinc Chloride ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Carbonization Temperature ◽  
Carbon Yield ◽  
Methylene Blue Number

Activated carbon was prepared from Lapsi (Choerospondias axillaries ) seed stone by chemical activation method using ZnCl2. The effect of experimental variables; ZnCl2 ratio, temperature and carbonization time on the quality of the activated carbon were systematically invested by determining the carbon yield, iodine number, methylene blue number, surface area and pore volume. Lapsi seed stone powder (LSP) of particle size < 300 μm was used to prepare activated carbon under N2 atmosphere. An increase in ZnCl2 ratio in general increased the iodine number and methylene blue number, but on increasing zinc chloride above 50 percentages, iodine and methylene blue number increased only marginally. An increase in carbonization temperature increases the iodine number, methylene blue number, and surface area and pore volume. Increase in carbonization time from 3 hour to 4 hour increases iodine number and methylene blue number and thereafter the increase in iodine number and methylene blue number is gradual. Regarding the carbon yield, it decreases with the ZnCl2 ratio above 50 percent, and the yield also decreases with increase in temperature and carbonization time. Therefore the optimum conditions for the preparation of activated carbon from Lapsi seed stone using ZnCl2 as follows: carbonization temperature of 400°C, zinc chloride ratio as LSP:ZnCl2 equals 1:1, and carbonization time of 4 hour. This resulted an activated carbon with 791 iodine number, 364 methylene blue number, 1167 surface area and 0.65 pore volume.Journal of the Institute of Engineering, 2015, 11(1): 128-139

PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ACTIVATED CARBON FROM OIL PALM EMPTY FRUIT BUNCH WASTES USING ZINC CHLORIDE

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Riry Wirasnita ◽  
Tony Hadibarata ◽  
Abdull Rahim Mohd Yusoff ◽  
Zainab Mat Lazim
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Zinc Chloride ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch

An oil palm empty fruit bunch-derived activated carbon has been successfully produced by chemical activation with zinc chloride and without chemical activation. The preparation was conducted in the tube furnace at 500oC for 1 h. The surface structure and active sites of activated carbons were characterized by means of Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The proximate analysis including moisture content, ash content, bulk density, pH, and pH at zero charge was conducted to identify the psychochemical properties of the adsorbent. The results showed that the zinc chloride-activated carbon has better characteristics compared to the carbon without chemical activation.  

AKTIVASI KIMIA-FISIK LIMBAH SERUTAN ROTAN MENJADI KARBON AKTIF

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-98
Author(s):  
Andy Mizwar
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Iodine Number ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Physical Activation ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Impregnation Time ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Limbah rotan dari industri kerajinan dan mebel berpotensi untuk dijadikan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan karbon aktif karena memiliki kandungan holoselulosa dan kadar karbon yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektifitas dari aktivasi kimia menggunakan larutan natrium klorida (NaCl) yang dilanjutkan dengan aktivasi fisik dalam pembuatan karbon aktif berbahan dasar  limbah serutan rotan. Pembuatan karbon aktif diawali dengan proses karbonisasi pada suhu 250°C selama 1 jam. Selanjutnya aktivasi kimia menggunakan larutan NaCl dengan variasi konsentrasi 10%, 15% dan 20% serta waktu perendaman selama 10, 15 dan 20 jam. Aktivasi fisik dilakukan dengan pembakaran pada suhu 700°C selama 30 menit. Analisis karakteristik fisik-kimia karbon aktif mengacu pada SNI 06-3730-95, meliputi kadar air, fixed carbon, dan iodine number, sedangkan perhitungan luas permukaan spesifik karbon aktif dilakukan dengan Metode Sears. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kondisi optimum aktivasi kimia terjadi pada konsentrasi NaCl 10% dan lama perendaman 10 jam dengan hasil analisis kadar air 2.90%, fixed carbon 72.70%, iodine number 994.59 mg/g dan luas permukaan 1587.67 m²/g. Peningkatan fixed carbon, iodine number dan luas permukaan karbon aktif berbanding terbalik dengan peningkatan konsentrasi NaCl dan lama waktu perendaman, sedangkan peningkatan kadar air pada karbon aktif berlaku sebaliknya. Rattan waste from handicraft and furniture industry could potentially be used as raw material of activated carbon due to high content of holoselulosa and carbon. This paper investigates the effectiveness of chemical activation using sodium chloride (NaCl) followed by physical activation in the making of activated carbon-based on rattan shavings waste. Preparation of the activated carbon began with the carbonization process at 250°C for 1 hour. Furthermore chemical activation using a variation of NaCl concentrations 10%, 15% and 20% as well as the time of immersion 10, 15 and 20 hours. Physical activation was done by burning at 700°C for 30 minutes. Analysis of the physical and chemical characteristics of the activated carbon was referred to the SNI 06-3730-95, including of moisture content, fixed carbon and iodine number, while the calculation of the specific surface area was done by the Sears’s method. The results of this study showed that the optimum conditions of chemical activation occurred in impregnation by NaCl 10% for 10 hours. The water content, fixed carbon, iodine number and surface area of activated carbon was 2.90%, 72.70%, 994.59 mg/g and 1587.67 m²/g  respectively. The increase values of fixed carbon, iodine number, and surface area was inversely proportional to the increase of NaCl concentration and the length of impregnation time, while the increase of water content applied vice versa.

Removal of Arsenic from Groundwater Using Nano-Metal Oxide Adsorbents

2017 ◽  
Vol 751 ◽  
pp. 766-772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phitchaya Muensri ◽  
Supamas Danwittayakul
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Arsenic Removal ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Sample Volume ◽  
Adsorptive Capacity ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Arsenic Adsorption ◽  
Removal Of Arsenic

Arsenic can be found in groundwater that is harmful to human beings. In this research, we present the potential uses of ZnO microparticles, ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles to removal arsenic in groundwater. The experiments of %arsenic removal upon using ZnO microparticles ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles were conducted in 25 mL of sample volume with 0.05 g of nanoadorpbents at pH 6. We found that the efficiency of arsenic adsorption increased with a reduction of particle size of theadsorbents. Upon using nanoadsorbents to remove arsenic from the solutions with the concentrations of 200-2000 ppb, we found that the %removal of arsenic decreased from 100% to 84% for ZnO nanoparticles and 100% to 97% for TiO2 nanoparticles. Adsorption capacities upon using ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles were 0.85 and 0.99 mg of arsenic/g of sorbents, respectively. TiO2 nanoparticles exhibited a better adsorption ability to arsenic than that ZnO because TiO2 nanoparticles had a smaller average particle size and larger surface area allowed the adsorption of hydroxyl groups on the surface that could bond with in coming HAsO42- via hydrogen bonding resulting in a better arsenic adsorptive capacity.

scholarly journals Adsorption of arsenic and phosphate from groundwater onto a calcined laterite as fixed bed in column experiments

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-243
Author(s):  
Yacouba Sanou ◽  
Raymond Kabore ◽  
Samuel Pare
Keyword(s):  
Arsenic Removal ◽  
Arsenic Concentration ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Column Experiments ◽  
Arsenic Adsorption ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Removal Of Arsenic ◽  
Maximum Removal

This work was focused on laterite soil as adsorbent for the removal of arsenic and phosphate from groundwater using column experiments. Results revealed a decrease of arsenic removal efficiency from 100 to 79% with flow rate increasing. Maximum removal of 100% for arsenic and 85% for phosphates was obtained for pH values between 3.5 and 6. The increase of initial arsenic concentration and phosphate amount caused an increase of arsenic adsorption up to 24 µg/g while 58.5 µg/g for phosphate. NaOH solution could desorb 86.8% of arsenic and the reuse of regenerated laterite indicated its efficiency in same experimental conditions.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF N-DOPING TO THE PORE CHARACTERISTICS OF ACTIVATED CARBON FROM VETIVER ROOT DISTILLATION WASTE

Metalurgi ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yohana Fransiska Ferawati ◽  
Ratna Frida Susanti
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Pore Characteristics ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
N Doping ◽  
Nitrogen Functional Group

This work studied the effect of nitrogen functional group modification on activated carbon synthesized from vetiver root waste on pores development. Synthesis of activated carbon was carried out by hydrothermal carbonization of vetiver root waste at a temperature of 225 ⁰C for 18 hours followed by chemical activation using K2FeO4as activated agent in a furnace at temperature of 800 ⁰C for 2 hours with nitrogen atmosphere flowed at a rate of 100 mL/minute. Urea was used as a nitrogen source. The variation of urea concentration was 1:0 (AC0–800), 1:3 (AC3–800) and 1:5 (AC5–800). The results showed that these activated carbons have mesoporous characteristics with the largest Brunauer Emmett Teller (SBET) surface area of 552.90 m2g-1 and average pore width 3,43 nm. The presence of nitrogen functional group was observed in the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer analysis. Synthesis of activated carbon from vetiver root waste with an addition of urea is the newest method to produce mesoporous activated carbon for electrode and  support catalyst purposes.

Study on Mn-Fe-LDH Material for Remediation of Arsenic Contaminated Water

2017 ◽  
Vol 730 ◽  
pp. 200-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zhuo Wang ◽  
Jian Min Bian
Keyword(s):  
Layered Double Hydroxides ◽  
Arsenic Removal ◽  
Adsorption Property ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Arsenic Adsorption ◽  
Exchange Method ◽  
Main Method ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Removal Of Arsenic ◽  
Double Hydroxides

Arsenical water pollution refers to the toxicity of arsenic. The form of trivalent arsenic has been seen as more toxic substances, which will be great improved by the manmade pollution. Compared with other technologies, adsorption is the main method of removal of arsenic pollution, for its higher efficiency and lower cost. Based on the adsorption theory and ion exchange method, the layered double hydroxides material containing ferric iron and manganese (Mn-Fe-LDH) was prepared to remove arsenic in this paper. We have designed some experiments for synthesis of this material. The reaction process and elemental compositions has been studied and the adsorption property of arsenic adsorption onto layered double hydroxides was verified through a series of experiments. Study shows that the Mn-Fe-LDH material can be used as a good adsorbent material for its high removal efficiency. The adsorption capacity of the Mn-Fe-LDH material is not affected by the interference of pH and Cl-/SO42- ion strength. It was a broad prospect for the development and application of arsenic removal materials.

scholarly journals Arsenic Removal from Water by Adsorption onto Iron Oxide/Nano-Porous Carbon Magnetic Composite

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (18) ◽  
pp. 3732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahira Joshi ◽  
Manobin Sharma ◽  
Anshu Kumari ◽  
Surendra Shrestha ◽  
Bhanu Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Arsenic Removal ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Magnetic Composite ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Magnetic Fe3o4

This study aimed to develop magnetic Fe3O4/sugarcane bagasse activated carbon composite for the adsorption of arsenic (III) from aqueous solutions. Activated carbon (AC) was prepared from sugarcane bagasse by chemical activation using H3PO4 as an activating agent at 400 °C. To enhance adsorption capacity for arsenic, the resultant AC was composited with Fe3O4 particles by facile one-pot hydrothermal treatment. This method involves mixing the AC with aqueous solution of iron (II) chloride tetrahydrate, polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), and ethanol. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted for the adsorption of As (III) onto the composite. The effects of pH, adsorbent dosage, and contact time on the arsenic adsorption were studied. The result showed that the composite could remove the arsenic from the water far more effectively than the plain AC. The highest percentage of arsenic removal was found at pH at 8, adsorbent dose of 1.8 g/L, and contact time of 60 min. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm was used to analyze the equilibrium experimental data. Langmuir model showed the best fit compared to the Freundlich model with a maximal capacity of 6.69 mg/g. These findings indicated that magnetic Fe3O4/sugarcane bagasse AC composite could be potentially applied for adsorptive removal of arsenic (III) from aqueous solutions.

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