scholarly journals COVID-19: General and Oral Manifestations in Children, Impact on Pediatric Dentistry and Future Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-43
Author(s):  
Barun Kumar Sah ◽  
Sunanda Sundas ◽  
Neha Dhakal
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Pediatric Dentistry ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
Viral Spread ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Pediatric Dentists ◽  
Pediatric Oral Health ◽  
High Level

(COVID-19) has spread rapidly across the globe, becoming a major public health concern for countries around the world. Despite worldwide efforts to contain viral spread, the outbreak has not shown any promising signs of containment yet. The coronavirus disease 2019 is a respiratory infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). It is mainly transmitted through respiratory droplets and close contact. As COVID-19 cases have been reported among children as well, there is an increased risk of acquiring the disease through these Silent Carriers who present as asymptomatic with mild or moderate clinical viral infection. The American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD) is constantly revising their checklist for re-emergence in pediatric dental practice during the COVID-19 pandemic. Pediatric dentists should keep a high level of awareness to help patients, minimize risk and prevent viral spread. During this period of pandemic, management of child’s oral health presents specific difficulties related to the infectious spread of the disease. The aim of this article is to review the Covid-19 infection in children, its impact on pediatric oral health, challenges for pediatric dentistry and future perspective.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Disease in Children: What Dentists Should Know and Do to Prevent Viral Spread. The Italian Point of View

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 3642
Author(s):  
Gianmaria F. Ferrazzano ◽  
Aniello Ingenito ◽  
Tiziana Cantile
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Dentistry ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Healthcare Personnel ◽  
Viral Spread ◽  
Dental Procedures ◽  
Management Protocol ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Pediatric Dentists ◽  
High Level ◽  
Dental Emergency

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread rapidly across the globe, becoming a major public health challenge not for China only, but also for countries around the world. Despite worldwide efforts to contain viral spread, the outbreak has not been stopped yet. Among healthcare personnel, dentists seem to be at elevated risk of exposure to COVID-19. This risk is even more serious in pediatric dentistry, since affected children, frequently, present an asymptomatic, mild or moderate clinical viral infection and, therefore, they may play a major role in community-based COVID-19 transmission. To date, despite no universal guidelines are available for dental procedures in pediatric dentistry during COVID-19 outbreak, routine dental practice should be postponed and only severe dental emergencies must be treated. In the case of a dental emergency, involving a pediatric patient, dentists should be aware of which recommended management protocol can be adopted during the practice to protect patient health, to safeguard their-self and to prevent viral transmission. The aim of this paper is to provide clinical recommendations, presenting a needed tool for dentists to allow a valid and safe how-to-do protocol. Pediatric dentists should keep a high level of awareness to help patients, minimize risk and prevent viral spread.

scholarly journals Evaluating knowledge and approach of Medical practitioners towards Pediatric Dentistry in Hafar Al Batin.

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (07) ◽  
pp. 5544-5548
Author(s):  
Sami Faisal Jamdar ◽  
Mohammad Furaih Alanazi ◽  
Dr Mohammed Ghanem Aldhafeeri ◽  
Dr Ibrahem Alsuhimi ◽  
Fayez Al Humaidi Al Shammari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Special Needs ◽  
Pediatric Dentistry ◽  
Scope Of Practice ◽  
Pediatric Department ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Pediatric Dentists ◽  
Pediatric Oral Health ◽  
Patients With Special Needs

Abstract : Aim: To raise awareness, regarding the scope of practice in Pediatric Dentistry, among medical practitioners working in the Pediatrics Department. Material and Methods:  Members of the Office of Director of Dentistry in Hafr Al Batin visited all the hospitals and conducted a paper-based survey. Pediatricians and resident doctors working in the pediatric department were asked to fill a questionnaire. The questionnaire elicited information regarding personal details, knowledge, approach and awareness towards pediatric oral health. A total of 122 responses were collected, and their results analyzed.   Results :   A total of 122 responses were collected of which 62 were pediatricians and 60 were physicians. The average age was 41 years. Most Pediatricians knew about Pediatric dentistry as a separate specialty in dentistry whereas most physicians were unaware of it. The scope of practice of pediatric dentists, especially in handling patients with special needs were not known to many of them. The overall response was unsatisfactory.   Conclusion:  Most of the consultants and specialists Pediatricians were aware of Pediatric Dentistry as a distinct specialty. The survey found out that a significant number of doctors were oblivious of the scope of practice, especially in the management of patients with special needs, under general anesthesia. A dedicated CME program was conducted to spread awareness among the concerned doctors, and suggestions made to improve the services.  

scholarly journals History of Pediatric Dentistry in Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
Gajendra Birajee ◽  
Bandana Koirala ◽  
Senchhema Limbu ◽  
Mamta Dali ◽  
Sneha Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Pediatric Dentistry ◽  
Dental Practice ◽  
Vast Array ◽  
National Organization ◽  
Care Services ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pediatric Dentists

Pediatric dentistry is an age-defined specialty that includes a vast array of oral healthcare-related disciplines for children. It is the most needed health care services and yet the most neglected in Nepal. Specialist pediatric dental practice in Nepal started around two decades ago. The Nepalese Association of Pediatric Dentistry (NAPD) is a nonprofit, non-government, national organization of pediatric dentists of Nepal formed with the motto of uplifting oral health of children throughout the country. NAPD is consistently conducting conferences, workshops, continuing dental education (CDE) programs and symposiums. It also serves community by conducting many free oral health check-ups, and oral health awareness rallies for fulfilling the purpose of maintaining the good oral health of children.

Coronavirus (Covid-19) in Children: History and Pediatric Oral Health

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Karla M Rezende ◽  
Amanda A. Coelho ◽  
Giovana Bernardes Credie ◽  
Karla M Rezende
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Care Setting ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Infected Individual ◽  
Dental Practice ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
The Face ◽  
Pediatric Oral Health

Objective: This study aims to, through a recent literature review, present the epidemiological and pediatric oral health of COVID-19. Material and Methods: A bibliographical research was carried out in the PUBMED database, with the keywords COVID-19 and dental practice, until April 5 of 2020. Discussion: Children of all ages appeared susceptible to COVID-19, and there was no significant gender difference. The participants in dental practice expose to tremendous risk of COVID-19 infection due to the face-to-face communication and the exposure to saliva, blood, and other body fluids, and the handling of sharp instruments. There is still much more to know about COVID-19, especially as concerns mortality and capacity of spreading on a pandemic level. Conclusion: Everyone who has had close contact with an infected individual is susceptible to COVID-19. Up-to-date oral health helps in the general health of the children prevent dental care during the pandemic, minimizing the risk of contamination. Healthcare guidance is being updated with frequency, as to how best to proceed in a care setting.

scholarly journals Lived Lives: A Pavee Perspective. An arts-science community intervention around suicide in an indigenous ethnic minority

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin M. Malone ◽  
Seamus G. McGuinness ◽  
Eimear Cleary ◽  
Janis Jefferies ◽  
Christabel Owens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Visual Arts ◽  
Community Intervention ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Independent Observer ◽  
Loved One ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
High Level

Background: Suicide is a significant public health concern, which impacts on health outcomes. Few suicide research studies have been interdisciplinary. We combined a psychobiographical autopsy with a visual arts autopsy, in which families donated stories, images and objects associated with the lived life of a loved one lost to suicide. From this interdisciplinary research platform, a mediated exhibition was created (Lived Lives) with artist, scientist and families, co-curated by communities, facilitating dialogue, response and public action around suicide prevention. Indigenous ethnic minorities (IEMs) bear a significant increased risk for suicide. Irish Travellers are an IEM with social and cultural parallels with IEMs internationally, experiencing racism, discrimination, and poor health outcomes including elevated suicide rates (SMR 6.6). Methods: An adjusted Lived Lives exhibition, Lived Lives: A Pavee Perspective manifested in Pavee Point, the national Traveller and Roma Centre. The project was evaluated by the Travelling Community as to how it related to suicide in their community, how it has shaped their understanding of suicide and its impacts, and its relevance to other socio-cultural contexts, nationally and internationally. The project also obtained feedback from all relevant stakeholders. Evaluation was carried out by an international visual arts research advisor and an independent observer from the field of suicide research. Results: Outputs included an arts-science mediated exhibition with reference to elevated Irish Traveller suicide rates. Digital online learning materials about suicide and its aftermath among Irish Travellers were also produced. The project reached its target audience, with a high level of engagement from members of the Travelling Community. Discussion: The Lived Lives methodology navigated the societal barriers of stigma and silence to foster communication and engagement, working with cultural values, consistent with an adapted intervention. Feedback from this project can inform awareness, health promotion, education and interventions around suicide and its aftermath in IEMs.

SARS-COV2 virus and Coronavirus disease (COVID-19)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 977-982
Author(s):  
Mohamed J. Saadh ◽  
Bashar Haj Rashid M ◽  
Roa’a Matar ◽  
Sajeda Riyad Aldibs ◽  
Hala Sbaih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Close Contact ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Fatal Disease ◽  
Mild Disease ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

SARS-COV2 virus causes Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and represents the causative agent of a potentially fatal disease that is of great global public health concern. The novel coronavirus (2019) was discovered in 2019 in Wuhan, the market of the wet animal, China with viral pneumonia cases and is life-threatening. Today, WHO announces COVID-19 outbreak as a pandemic. COVID-19 is likely to be zoonotic. It is transmitted from bats as intermediary animals to human. Also, the virus is transmitted from human to human who is in close contact with others. The computerized tomographic chest scan is usually abnormal even in those with no symptoms or mild disease. Treatment is nearly supportive; the role of antiviral agents is yet to be established. The SARS-COV2 virus spreads faster than its two ancestors, the SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), but has lower fatality. In this article, we aimed to summarize the transmission, symptoms, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and vaccine to control the spread of this fatal disease.

scholarly journals Immunological Aspects Related to Viral Infections in Severe Asthma and the Role of Omalizumab

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 348
Author(s):  
Francesco Menzella ◽  
Giulia Ghidoni ◽  
Carla Galeone ◽  
Silvia Capobelli ◽  
Chiara Scelfo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Severe Asthma ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Antiviral Effect ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Type I ◽  
Effector Cells ◽  
Viral Spread ◽  
Increased Risk

Viral respiratory infections are recognized risk factors for the loss of control of allergic asthma and the induction of exacerbations, both in adults and children. Severe asthma is more susceptible to virus-induced asthma exacerbations, especially in the presence of high IgE levels. In the course of immune responses to viruses, an initial activation of innate immunity typically occurs and the production of type I and III interferons is essential in the control of viral spread. However, the Th2 inflammatory environment still appears to be protective against viral infections in general and in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections as well. As for now, literature data, although extremely limited and preliminary, show that severe asthma patients treated with biologics don’t have an increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection or progression to severe forms compared to the non-asthmatic population. Omalizumab, an anti-IgE monoclonal antibody, exerts a profound cellular effect, which can stabilize the effector cells, and is becoming much more efficient from the point of view of innate immunity in contrasting respiratory viral infections. In addition to the antiviral effect, clinical efficacy and safety of this biological allow a great improvement in the management of asthma.

Lower perception of pharmacological treatment increases risk of non-adherence to medication

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
CB Graversen ◽  
JB Valentin ◽  
ML Larsen ◽  
S Riahi ◽  
T Holmberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pharmacological Treatment ◽  
Poisson Regression ◽  
Drug Class ◽  
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Adherence To Medication ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
High Level

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): The Danish Heart Foundation Background A large proportion of patients fail to reach optimal adherence to medication following incident ischemic heart disease (IHD) despite amble evidence of the beneficial effect of medication. Non-adherence to medication increases risk of disease-related adverse outcomes but none has explored how perception about pharmacological treatment detail on non-adherence using register-based follow-up data. Purpose To investigate the association between patients’ perception of pharmacological treatment and risk of non-initiation and non-adherence to medication in a population with incident IHD. Methods This cohort study followed 871 patients until 365 days after incident IHD. The study combined patient-reported survey data on perception about pharmacological treatment (categorised by ‘To a high level’, ‘To some level’, and ‘To a lesser level’) with register-based data on reimbursed prescription of cardiovascular medication (antithrombotics, statins, ACE-inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers, and β-blockers). Non-initiation was defined as no pick-up of medication in the first 180 days following incident IHD and analysed by Poisson regression. Two different measures evaluated non-adherence in patients initiating treatment: 1) proportion of days covered (PDC) analysed by Poisson regression, and 2) risk of discontinuation analysed by Cox proportional hazard regression. All analyses were adjusted for confounding variables (age, sex, ethnicity, income, educational level, civil status, occupation, charlson comorbidity index, supportive relatives, and individual consultation in medication) identified by directed acyclic graph and obtained from national registers and the survey. Item non-response was handled by multiple imputation and item consistency was evaluated by McDonalds omega. Results Lower perceptions about pharmacological treatment was associated with increased risk of non-initiation and non-adherence to medication irrespectively of drug class and adherence measure in the multiple adjusted analyses (please see figure illustrating results on antithrombotics). A dose-response relationship was observed both at 180- and 365-days of follow-up, but the steepest decline in adherence differed when comparing the two adherence measures (results not shown). Moderate internal consistency was found for the summed measure of perception (McDonalds omega = 0.67). Conclusion Lower perception of pharmacological treatment was associated with subsequent non-initiation and non-adherence to medication, irrespectively of measurement method and drug class. Abstract Figure. Figre: Multiple adjusted analyses

scholarly journals Influence of Parental Health Literacy on Change over Time in the Oral Health of American Indian Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5633
Author(s):  
Angela G. Brega ◽  
Rachel L. Johnson ◽  
Luohua Jiang ◽  
Anne R. Wilson ◽  
Sarah J. Schmiege ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Health Literacy ◽  
American Indian ◽  
Health Knowledge ◽  
Indian Children ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Oral Health Knowledge ◽  
Pediatric Oral Health ◽  
Children’S Oral Health ◽  
Over Time

In cross-sectional studies, parental health literacy (HL) is associated with children’s oral health. It is unclear, however, whether HL influences pediatric outcomes. We examined the relationship of HL with change over time in parental oral health knowledge, beliefs, and behaviors, as well as pediatric oral health outcomes. We used longitudinal data from a study designed to reduce dental decay in American Indian children (N = 579). At baseline and annually for three years, parents answered questions assessing HL; oral health knowledge, beliefs, and behaviors; and pediatric oral health status. The number of decayed, missing, and filled tooth surfaces (dmfs) was computed based on annual dental evaluations. Linear mixed models showed that HL was significantly associated with all constructs, except dmfs, at their reference time points and persistently across the three-year study period. HL predicted change over time in only one variable, parents’ belief that children’s oral health is determined by chance or luck. HL is strongly associated with oral health knowledge, beliefs, behaviors, and status prospectively but is not a key driver of change over time in these oral health constructs.

scholarly journals Children’s Oral Health on Pico Island, Azores (Portugal)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Juliana Pereira ◽  
Gunel Kizi ◽  
Ana Raquel Barata ◽  
Irene Ventura
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Pediatric Dentistry ◽  
Mixed Dentition ◽  
Class I ◽  
Social Solidarity ◽  
Children’S Oral Health

Pediatric dentistry focuses on children’s oral health. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of malocclusion in a pediatric population. Eighty-two children (3–12 years old), of both genders, who belong to a Social Solidarity Institution for Children in Pico Island were clinically examined. Half were female and half were male, in which most were 7 years old (20.7%) with mixed dentition (58.5%). The highest prevalence was in canine class I and vertical molar. Most children did not have malocclusion characteristics (56.1%).

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