scholarly journals Habitat and Behavioral Observation of Indian Flying Fox Pteropus giganteus (BRÜNNICH, 1782) in Sallaghari, Bhaktapur, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-94
Author(s):  
Jamuna Prajapati ◽  
Mukesh Kumar Chalise ◽  
Dikpal Krishna Karmacharya
Keyword(s):  
Estimation Method ◽  
Behavioral Observation ◽  
Diverse Group ◽  
Accidental Death ◽  
General Behaviour ◽  
Focal Animal ◽  
Baseline Information ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Populus Spp ◽  
Flying Fox

The study on Indian flying fox (Pteropus giganteus), the most diverse group of mam­mals, was conducted from17th September, 2016 to 3rd March, 2017 at Sallaghari, Bhaktapur to collect baseline information on habitat, behavior, population and threats. The population structure and estimated populations along with their habitat using direct observation and the branch estimation method were assessed. The general behaviour of the individual animal was observed and recorded using focal animal sampling over a 10 minute periods either in the morning or evening. Local people and members of the Nepal Army were interviewed using semi-structured questionnaires in order to assess threats. Most flyng fox were found roosting in tall Eucalyptus spp. trees and the highly branched Populus spp. Resting was observed as the most the dominant behavior among male, female and young individuals during the study period. Highest populations (n=1421) were observed in September 2016 and lowest (n=36) in February 2017. Habitat de­struction, lack of food, urbanization and electrocution were the major threats to P. gi­ganteus. The population is decreasing compared to previous studies. Electrocution and persecution by humans are the major causes of accidental death each year. Therefore, in order to conserve and save this species, habitat and afforestation along with aware­ness programs should be implemented urgently.

scholarly journals Revised Estimation Method for Emissions from Automated Plunger Lift Liquid Unloadings

Environments ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Adam Pacsi ◽  
David W. Sullivan ◽  
David T. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Direct Measurement ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Small Subset ◽  
Emission Estimate ◽  
National Measurement ◽  
The Individual

A variety of liquid unloading techniques are used to clear accumulated liquids from the wellbore to increase production rates for oil and gas wells. Data from national measurement studies indicate that a small subset of wells with plunger lift assist, that vent with high frequency and short event duration, contribute a significant fraction of methane emissions from liquid unloading activities in the United States. Compared to direct measurement of emissions at 24 wells in a field campaign, the most commonly used engineering emission estimate for this source category, which is based on the volume of gas in the wellbore, does not accurately predict emissions at the individual well (R2 = 0.06). An alternative emission estimate is proposed that relies on the duration of the venting activity and the gas production rate of the well, which has promising statistical performance characteristics when compared to direct measurement data. This work recommends well parameters that should be collected from future field measurement campaigns that are focused on this emission source.

scholarly journals Blood antioxidant nutrients in riparian villagers of the Brazilian Amazon: its associations with wet/dry seasons and modulation by sociodemographic determinants

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Valentini ◽  
Carlos José Sousa Passos ◽  
Solange Cristina Garcia ◽  
Robert Davidson ◽  
Marc Lucotte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Reference Range ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Individual State ◽  
River Region ◽  
Baseline Information ◽  
Sociodemographic Determinants ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Β Carotene

Abstract This study associates blood antioxidants like copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), selenium (Se), zinc (Zn), β-carotene, lycopene and vitamins (A and E) to sociodemographic features and seasonality in communities from the Tapajós River region, Brazilian Amazon. We observed increased Mn, Se and Zn levels compared to the average Brazilian population, whereas this is only the case for β-carotene in the rainy season. Lycopene levels fall within the reference range, although lower than those found in other Brazilian regions. Cu, Se, Zn, β-carotene, lycopene and vitamin E levels vary among seasons. β-carotene, Mn and Se vary among communities. Se and Zn vary with smoking habits and sex, respectively. In addition, β-carotene and vitamins (A and E) are altered by alcohol consumption. Villagers who both farmed and fished present higher Cu and lower β-carotene levels than participants with a single occupation. Vitamin E levels depend upon the individual state of origin. These data provide important baseline information for antioxidant status in this Amazonian riparian population.

Neuropsychological Measures in the Diagnosis of ADHD in Preschool: Can Developmental Research Inform Diagnostic Practice?

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 1588-1604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Merkt ◽  
Michael Siniatchkin ◽  
Franz Petermann
Keyword(s):  
Basic Research ◽  
Behavioral Observation ◽  
Developmental Research ◽  
Delay Aversion ◽  
Neuropsychological Measures ◽  
Behavioral Ratings ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Continuous Performance Tests ◽  
Diagnostic Capacity ◽  
The Individual

Objective: The diagnosis of ADHD in preschool is challenging. Behavioral ratings are less reliable, but the value of neuropsychological tests in the diagnosis of ADHD has been debated. Method: This article provides an overview of neuropsychological measures utilized in preschoolers with ADHD (3-5 years). In addition, the manuscript discusses the extent to which these measures have been tested for their diagnostic capacity. Results: The diagnostic utility of computerized continuous performance tests and working memory subtests from IQ-batteries has been demonstrated in a number of studies by assessing their psychometric properties, sensitivity, and specificity. However, findings from developmental and basic research attempting to describe risk factors that explain variance in ADHD show the most consistent associations of ADHD with measures of delay aversion. Conclusion: Results from developmental research could benefit studies that improve ADHD diagnosis at the individual level. It might be helpful to consider testing as a structured situation for behavioral observation by the clinician.

Morphological subclassification of follicular lymphoma: variability of diagnoses among hematopathologists, a collaborative study between the Repository Center and Pathology Panel for Lymphoma Clinical Studies.

1985 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
G E Metter ◽  
B N Nathwani ◽  
J S Burke ◽  
C D Winberg ◽  
R B Mann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Follicular Lymphoma ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Great Variability ◽  
Mixed Cell ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Follicular Lymphomas ◽  
Consensus Diagnosis

A collaborative study between the Repository Center for Lymphoma Clinical Studies and the members of the lymphoma pathology subcommittee of the major cooperative oncology groups was undertaken in an effort to ascertain the reproducibility and the interobserver agreement for the cytologic diagnosis of follicular lymphomas. A group of 105 patients with follicular lymphomas were subclassified by seven hematopathologists according to two methods. In the first method, cases were subclassified according to the Rappaport, Lukes, and Collins, and Working Formulation systems. In these systems, follicular lymphomas are subclassified by estimation of the different cell populations without the actual counting of cells. With this method, great variability in diagnosis was noted. For example: (1) The consensus diagnosis was that of poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma (PDL) in 39 cases, but among the individual pathologists the number of cases thus diagnosed ranged from 24 to 65; (2) In 40 cases, the consensus diagnosis was follicular lymphoma, mixed-cell type; however, all seven pathologists independently agreed on this subtype in only one case; (3) A major disagreement was noted in 39 cases (37%), in which both diagnostic extremes (small cleaved and large noncleaved) were expressed. In the second method, only precise counts of different cells were made, according to a modification of the method recommended by Berard. With this counting method, diagnoses were independently derived based on the counts provided by the seven pathologists for large cleaved, small noncleaved, and large noncleaved cells. The variability in the results was wide also with this second method. For example, the average number of large cells found by each pathologist was ascertained, and the ranges were determined. The average range was 28 cells, which was considered high. The same determinations were performed only for large noncleaved cells, and the range was found to be 15 cells, which was also considered high. When the diagnoses derived from counts of only large noncleaved cells were compared with the traditional, more subjective diagnoses, fairly close agreement was obtained. In summary, the great variability in diagnoses of follicular lymphomas among pathologists may be attributed to the difficulties inherent in accurate determination of cell size and of the precise percentages of different cells. Until solutions to these problems are developed, one can subclassify follicular lymphomas according to the Berard method or the estimation method.

Economic convergence in Poland by sector

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-61
Author(s):  
Roman Kosmalski
Keyword(s):  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Economic Convergence ◽  
Basic Tool ◽  
Index Analysis ◽  
Agriculture Industry ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
The Impact

The article deals with the study of economic convergence of the Polish voivodships by sector, and is an example of the use of nonparametric methods. As a basic tool used to apply for the convergence of nonparametric method of DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis), which enriched nuclear estimation method, proposed by Quah, involving the analysis of the distribution of labor productivity and its changes over time. Its use in conjunction with the DEA allowed to present the evolution of the distribution of labor productivity in the voivodships in the coming years. Moreover, based on the results of the Malmquist decomposition index, analysis was carried out of alternative distributions of the variable, taking into account the impact of the individual components of the index on changing its distribution. The study shows the main sources of economic convergence (divergence) in agriculture, industry and services sectors.

Daytime behaviour of the grey-headed flying fox Pteropus poliocephalus Temminck (Pteropodidae: Megachiroptera) at an autumn/winter roost.

2006 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Connell ◽  
U. Munro ◽  
F. R. Torpy
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Flying Foxes ◽  
Fruit Bat ◽  
Open Forest ◽  
Pteropus Poliocephalus ◽  
Baseline Information ◽  
Daytime Behaviour ◽  
Flying Fox

The grey-headed flying fox (Pteropus poliocephalus Temminck) is a threatened large fruit bat endemic to Australia. It roosts in large colonies in rainforest patches, mangroves, open forest, riparian woodland and, as native habitat is reduced, increasingly in vegetation within urban environments. The general biology, ecology and behaviour of this bat remain largely unknown, which makes it difficult to effectively monitor, protect and manage this species. The current study provides baseline information on the daytime behaviour of P. poliocephalus in an autumn/winter roost in urban Sydney, Australia, between April and August 2003. The most common daytime behaviours expressed by the flying foxes were sleeping (most common), grooming, mating/courtship, and wing spreading (least common). Behaviours differed significantly between times of day and seasons (autumn and winter). Active behaviours (i.e., grooming, mating/courtship, wing spreading) occurred mainly in the morning, while sleeping predominated in the afternoon. Mating/courtship and wing spreading were significantly higher in April (reproductive period) than in winter (non-reproductive period). Grooming was the only behaviour that showed no significant variation between sample periods. These results provide important baseline data for future comparative studies on the behaviours of flying foxes from urban and ?natural? camps, and the development of management strategies for this species.

Encircling Transnational Peace through Khaita – Joyful Dances

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Leick ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Dynamic State ◽  
World Peace ◽  
Diverse Group ◽  
Song Lyrics ◽  
The Individual

Abstract This article investigates how Khaita- Joyful Dances promote an understanding of peace from a transrational and Buddhist perspective. Khaita dances have been created by the Buddhist Dzogchen master Namkhai Norbu as a practice of presence and collaboration, promoting an inner attitude of peace spreading from the individual to the group. Peace is hereby understood as a multi-faceted, intra- as well as interpersonal, dynamic state perceived and experienced not only by the intellectual mind but also through the body and subtle energies. This article is structured in three parts. First, I will explore peace theory in the context of Khaita. Second, I will illustrate the peace understanding promoted by the Tibetan artists through examples from the Khaita songs. The Tibetan song lyrics thereby express the wish for unification amongst Tibetans and the desire for (world) peace. Third, I will investigate the principles of accessible participation, equality as well as collaboration as parameters for peace experiences through examples from the Khaita practice sessions as well as Khaita Kordros, circle dances. The circle dances thereby offer an easy, non-hierarchical immersion in a diverse group of dancers and require presence and self-observation. KEYWORDS: transrational peace, peace theory, circle dance, Tibetan dance, Buddhism

DEVELOPMENT OF THE TYPICAL CERVICAL VERTEBRAE IN THE WHITE NEW ZEALAND RABBIT (ORYCTOLAGUS CUNICULUS)

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (02) ◽  
pp. 65-73
Author(s):  
Basma Kamal ◽  
Reda Rashed ◽  
Atef Erasha
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Axial Skeleton ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Cervical Region ◽  
Baseline Information ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Ossification Centers ◽  
Atlas And Axis ◽  
Similar Growth ◽  
Characteristic Growth

In order to study the pattern of ossification of the components of the postcranial axial skeleton of the white new Zeeland rabbit, intact embryos were isolated between days (d) 13 and 28 of pregnancy, and postnatal till three months old rabbit. All specimens were fixed in 95% ethanol for at least one week, a group was bulk-stained using alizarin and Alcian blue, in order to stain bone and cartilage, respectively, and cleared. Another group was histologically stained with H&E and Mason Trichrome. A third group was examined with CT and X-ray. The time of the first appearance of ossification centers of these prenatal and postnatal specimens was analyzed. The findings demonstrated that, with the exception of the atlas and axis, all of the cervical vertebrae studied had similar growth patterns. The time of appearance of the various centers of ossification in the skeletal elements studied proceeded in a similar order to that described by previous authors, although there were some discrepancies in the exact time of the first appearance of certain ossification centers. Secondary ossification for the epiphysis cranialis and caudalis (the bony collar) appear in cervical region and then extend in cephalocaudal direction till complete appearance at the age of 45-days old rabbit. The data presented here provide useful baseline information on the normal sequential pattern of ossification in the typical cervical vertebrae and the characteristic growth pattern of the individual components in the rabbit.

scholarly journals Perilaku Harian Monyet Ekor Panjang (Macaca Fascicularis) Di Arboretum Universitas Riau (UNRI) Dan Sekitarnya

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-157
Author(s):  
Ilham Fachrozi ◽  
Sri Catur Setyawatiningsih
Keyword(s):  
Human Activities ◽  
Macaca Fascicularis ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Mature Female ◽  
Focal Animal ◽  
Male Individual ◽  
Daily Behavior ◽  
Group A ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
The Individual

AbstrakArboretum Universitas Riau (UNRI) merupakan habitat monyet ekor panjang (Macaca fascicularis). Banyak aktivitas di lokasi tersebut, diduga mempengaruhi pola perilaku M. fascicularis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perilaku harian M. fascicularis di Arboretum UNRI dan sekitarnya. Pengamatan menggunakan metode focal animal sampling dan ad libitum. Pengamatan perilaku harian M. fascicularis dilakukan pada kelompok A, yang berjumlah  9 ekor. Frekuensi jenis-jenis perilaku harian M. fascicularis secara berturut turut adalah perilaku pindah, istirahat, makan, bermain, menelisik, agresif, dan seksual. Macaca fascicularis pradewasa cenderung melakukan perilaku pindah, istirahat, dan bermain. M. fascicularis dewasa cenderung melakukan perilaku pindah, istirahat, dan makan. Jenis kelamin tidak berpengaruh terhadap perilaku harian M. fascicularis pradewasa, tetapi berpengaruh pada individu M. fascicularis dewasa, khususnya perilaku makan, berpindah, dan menelisik. Perilaku seksual intraspesies terjadi hanya pada individu betina alfa, dewasa (Ma) dengan jantan alfa dewasa (Mon). Perilaku menelisik dan mounting heteroskesual interspesies terjadi antara M. fascicularis jantan, alfa (Mon) dengan M. nemestrina betina dewasa. Perilaku mounting isoseksual terjadi antara M. fascicularis jantan dewasa dan pradewasa dari kelompok yang berbeda. Perilaku harian yang dipengaruhi oleh aktivitas manusia adalah perilaku makan.Abstract Riau University Arboretum is a habitat of long-tailed macaque (M. fascicularis). Human activities at the location are pressumed to influence M. fascicularis behavior patterns. The study aims to determine the daily behaviour of M. fascicularis in around of Arboretum UNRI. Observations used focal animal sampling and ad libitum methods. Observation of the daily behavior was carried out in Group A, which consisted of 9 individuals. The frequency of M. fascicularis daily behaviors were moving, resting, eating, playing,  grooming, aggresive, and sexual behaviour, respectively. Immature M. fascicularis are more likely to perform the moving, resting, and playing behavior. Whereas mature M. fascicularis are more likely to perform the moving, resting, and eating behavior. Gender does not affect the daily behavior of immature M. fascicularis, it affects the individual mature M. fascicularis, especially feeding, moving and grooming behavior. Intraspesific hetrosexual behaviour occured only between alfa, mature female(Ma) and alpha, mature male (Mon). Interspesific heterosexual grooming and mounting behaviors occured between M. fascicularis alpha, male individual and mature female M. nemestrina. Intraspecific mounting isosexual behavior occured on mature and immature of M. fascicularis from different group. The daily behavior that is influence by human activities is eating behaviour.

Health promotion to improve cardiovascular health in the general population

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emer Shelley ◽  
Margaret E. Cupples
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Social ◽  
Programme Design ◽  
Prevention Programmes ◽  
Baseline Information ◽  
Support Programmes ◽  
The Individual

Prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) requires consideration of the extent to which the social, physical, and fiscal environment facilitates heart-healthy lifestyles. The high-risk strategy for prevention offers major benefits for those with diagnosed CVD and those known to be at increased risk compared with their peers. From a population health perspective strategies to reduce risk in the majority not known to be at high risk have the potential for much greater benefits. Prevention programmes to improve CVD risk in communities should tailor objectives and programme design, including evaluation, to the resources available. Baseline information is required on knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours, as well as risk factors and morbidity, in order to raise awareness of needs, support programmes appropriately, and help reduce inequalities. Responsibility for changing behaviour rests with the individual, but preventive services can provide support, involving partners and family members.

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