scholarly journals Refractive errors in type II diabetic patients

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
Shristi Shrestha ◽  
Khem Raj Kaini
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Error ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Good Glycemic Control ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Diabetic Population

INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of diabetes is increasing rapidly. Refractive error in the diabetic population is considered a main cause of visual impairment. So this study was conducted to find out the pattern of refractive errors in patients with type II diabetes mellitus in Western Nepal. MATERIAL AND METHODS: It was a hospital-based cross-sectional study. Three hundred forty eyes of one hundred seventy patients with type II diabetes underwent comprehensive eye examination including subjective and objective refraction and serum biochemistry. RESULTS: The mean refraction was -0.132±0.88 D. Emmetropia was seen in 49.7% of the patients, hypermetropia in 22.6%, myopia in 12.6%, and astigmatism in 15% of the patients. Older age groups had more hypermetropic refractive error (p<0.05). Female gender was a risk factor for hypermetropia (p=0.042). Good glycemic control was seen in 49.7%. There was statistically significant correlation between fasting blood sugar level and spherical equivalent refraction (p<0.05, r = -0.115). CONCLUSION: The present hospital-based study noted a refractive error in 50.3% among diabetic population in Pokhara with hypermetropia being the most common type (22.6%) than myopia (12.6%) and astigmatism (15%).

scholarly journals Subclinical onychomycosis in patients with type II diabetes

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amira Elbendary ◽  
Amira El Tawdy ◽  
Naglaa Zaki ◽  
Mostafa Alfishawy ◽  
Amr Rateb
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Uncontrolled Diabetes ◽  
Fungal Organisms

Fungal organisms could be present in the nail without any clinical manifestations. As onychomycosis in diabetics has more serious complications, early detection of such infection could be helpful to prevent them. We aim in this study to assess the possibility of detecting subclinical onychomycosis in type II diabetic patients and addressing possible associated neuropathy. A cross sectional, observational study included patients with type II diabetes with normal big toe nail. All were subjected to nail clipping of the big toe nail, followed by staining with Hematoxylin and Eosin and Periodic-Acid-Schiff (PAS) stains and examined microscopically. A total of 106 patients were included, fungal infection was identified in eight specimens, all were uncontrolled diabetes, and six had neuropathy. Using the nail clipping and microscopic examination with PAS stain to detect such subclinical infection could be an applicable screening test for diabetic patients, for early detection and management of onychomycosis.

scholarly journals Refractive Errors: Prevalence and Pattern among Rural Population of Islamabad, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-108
Author(s):  
Waseem Akhter ◽  
Erum Yousafzai ◽  
Afia Matloob Rana ◽  
Shakaib Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Error ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Contact Lenses ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
P Value ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Common Error ◽  
Myopic Astigmatism

Background: Refractive error is the most common cause of correctable visual loss worldwide. Decreased vision due to refractive error can be easily corrected with the help of spectacles, contact lenses and refractive surgery. However, there are 42% of uncorrected refractive errors all over the world. The present study aimed to evaluate different kinds of refractive errors, its prevalence and pattern in patients from rural areas who visited our hospital in the last five years. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 2,138 patients, who visited eye OPD at Rawal Institute of Health Sciences, Islamabad during a period of five years i.e. from September, 2013 to September, 2018. Patients having only refractive error with an age of five years and above were included in the study.  All patients had objective refraction with automated refractometer followed by subjective refraction. Data was entered and analyzed in SPSS version 20.0. Chi-square test was used for comparing groups with a P-value of <0.05 considered as statistically significant. Results: Compound myopic astigmatism was the most common error found in our study population (n=575; 26.9%). The second most frequent complaint was simple myopia (n=501; 23.4%) followed by presbyopia (n=441; 20.6%) and mixed astigmatism (n=235; 11%). Patients with more than one refractive error included 178 (8.3%) with mixed astigmatism and presbyopia and 78 (3.6%) with simple myopia and presbyopia. Compound myopic astigmatism was more prevalent in younger ages compared to older age groups (46.4% vs 19.9%) (P <0.001). Mixed astigmatism (12.4% vs 8.9%), simple myopia (23.8% vs 22.9%) and presbyopia (21.3% vs 19.5%) were slightly greater in females than males (P=0.07), respectively. Conclusions: The prevalence of myopia is significantly higher among female population and young individuals. Mixed astigmatism combined with presbyopia is more common among elderly population.

scholarly journals Diastolic dysfunction in cases with Type II diabetes mellitus.

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 2040-2043
Author(s):  
Munir Ahmed ◽  
Abdul Hayee ◽  
Shahla Afsheen Memon ◽  
Ismail Salim Memon ◽  
Abdul Qayoom Memon
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diastolic Dysfunction ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
P Value ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

Objectives: To determine the frequency of diastolic dysfunction in patients presenting with type II Diabetes Mellitus. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Rahim Yar Khan. Period: From 01-01-2017 to 30-06-2017. Material & Methods: In this study the cases were selected via non probability consecutive sampling of both male and female gender with age more than 40 years having type II DM of at least more than 2 years were included. The cases suffering from type I DM, gestational DM and those with HTN, end stage kidney and liver failure were excluded. Trans thoracic echocardiography was done to label diastolic dysfunction and was labelled as yes when the E/A ratio was <0.8. The data was analysed using chi square test and p value less than 0.05 was taken as significant. Results: In this study, 100 cases of type II DM were included with mean age of 51.31±7.89 years at presentation. There were 61% males and 39% females. Diastolic dysfunction was observed in 53% of the cases. There was no significant difference in terms of gender where it affected 56.41% of females with p= 0.92. Diastolic dysfunction was more in cases that had duration of DM more than 3 years affecting 48 (70.58%) cases with p= 0.001 and it was also significantly high in cases that had BMI more than 30 where it was seen in 40 (70.17%) of cases with p= 0.001. Conclusion: Diastolic dysfunction seen in half of the cases suffering from type II DM and it is significantly high in cases that had duration of DM more than 3 years and BMI more than 30.

scholarly journals Evaluation of sweet taste sensitivity in type-II Diabetes Mellitus patients

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-12
Author(s):  
Z. Naveen Kumar ◽  
B.N.S. Gowri Kumari
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Sweet Taste ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Taste Sensitivity ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean

Background: The objective is to evaluate the sweet taste sensitivity among type-II diabetes mellitus patients. Methods:  This is a cross sectional study consisted of 227 subjects (127 type-II Diabetic patients & 100 non diabetic individuals) of both the genders and age matched. Sweet taste sensitivity tests were done using different concentrations of glucose solution and compared among the diabetic patients with FBS more than 180mg/dl and diabetic patients with FBS less than 180mg/dl and also compared among the diabetic patients and non diabetic individuals.  The final concentration at which patient was able to perceive the taste was recorded. statistical analysis was done using Student’s unpaired T test. P­values of < 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. Results: The mean of sweet taste sensitivity among diabetic patients with FBS >180 mg/dl was 6245 mg/l and the mean of sweet taste sensitivity in the diabetic patients with FBS <180 mg/dl was 2249mg/l with P<0.001 which is significant. The mean of sweet taste sensitivity among diabetic patients with FBS >180 mg/dl was 6245mg/l and the mean of sweet taste sensitivity in the non diabetic individuals was 1979mg/l with P<0.01 which is significant. the mean of sweet taste sensitivity among diabetic patients with FBS <180 mg/dl was 2249 mg/l and the mean of sweet taste sensitivity in the non diabetic individuals was 1979mg/l  with P>0.05 which is not significant. Conclusion: In our study it was concluded that type-II Diabetes Mellitus patients have lesser sensitivity for the sweet taste. Loss of sensitivity leads to the increase in sugar consumption being the risk factor for worsening the disease.

scholarly journals Types and Presentation of Refractive Error among Individuals Aged 0–30 Years: Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study, Yemen

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Tawfik Saleh Mohammed Dhaiban ◽  
Femina Purakaloth Ummer ◽  
Hanan Khudadad ◽  
Shajitha Thekke Veettil
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Error ◽  
Early Identification ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Common Presentation ◽  
Public Health Challenge ◽  
Symptoms And Signs

Background. Refractive errors are the most common cause of visual impairment worldwide. Its proportion varied among societies and is considered as a public health challenge. Symptoms and signs associated with refractive errors are the most worrisome and common presentations in the general practice in eye clinics. Aim. The goal of this study was to determine the types and presentations of refractive error among the 0–30-year-old Yemeni population to aid early identification, diagnosis, referral, and treatment. Methodology. A cross-sectional study including 1,500 out-patients aged from 0 to 30 years attending the ophthalmology clinic in Sanaa, Yemen (between 2012 and 2015). All patients underwent visual acuity examination, autorefractometer, and anterior and posterior segment examination and were grouped according to type, that is, myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism. Results. Hyperopia was the most common single diagnosis (53.3%) followed by myopia (33.3%). Astigmatism was uncommon as a single diagnosis (13.4%) but commonly associated with hyperopia or myopia. Myopia was more common in males (42.9%) than in females (25%). Hyperopia was more in females (62.5%) than in males (42.9%). Age groups most affected by refractive errors were 13–18 years (27.7%), 19–24 years (24.8%), and 25–30 years (24.6%), respectively. Decreased vision (53%) was a common presentation in myopia and astigmatism (41.5%) and less in hyperopia (39.6%). Headache was common in astigmatism (56%), hyperopia (28.8%), and myopia (17.8%). Muscle imbalance, namely, exotropia (27.2%), is mainly found in myopia and esotropia (24.3%) in hyperopia. Conclusions. In addition to decreased vision, our patients with refractive errors mostly complain of headaches with clear variations with age and type of refractive error. Early identification and proper categorization of refractive errors by age, gender, and other demographics by general physicians in primary care can better deduce and make useful referrals to eye specialists.

scholarly journals Frequency of metabolic syndrome in patients with newly diagnosed Type II Diabetes at DOW University Hospital, Karachi-Pakistan.

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 1546-1551
Author(s):  
Muhammad Umar Khan ◽  
Akhtar Ali Baloch ◽  
Muhammad Arsalan ◽  
Syed Muhammad Adnan
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with newly diagnosed type 2. Study Design: Descriptive Cross Sectional study. Setting: Dow University Hospital. Period: October 2018 to January 2019. Material & Methods: A total 342 patients prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with newly diagnosed type II diabetes at Dow University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. Data was collected through a questionnaire which is designed to record the age, gender, BMI, FBS, Waist circumference, blood pressure, HDL and triglyceride level of newly diagnosed of diabetic patients. Frequency and percentages were calculated for these variables. SPSS version 21 was used to analyze the overall results. Results: A total of 342 new diagnosed diabetic were included in this study. 189 (55.26%) were males and 153 (44.74%) were females. The mean + SD of age was 48.21±9.28 years. The mean + SD of FBS was about 192±43 mg/dl with ranges from 98 to 482 mg/dl. The mean + SD of Serum TG was about 243±152 mg/dl with ranges from 189 to 325 mg/dl. The mean + SD HDL was about 38.9±9.23 mg/dl with ranges from 12 to 102 mg/dl. The mean + SD of waist circumference was about 110.5±11.90 cm. The mean + SD systolic & diastolic blood pressure was about 150 + 8.23 & 98 + 11.28 respectively. The mean + SD of BMI was 29.23+ 11.23. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed in 252 (73.68%) in newly diabetic patients. Conclusion: Metabolic syndromes were highly associated with newly diagnosed type II diabetes patients.

scholarly journals Depression In Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus : A Cross-Sectional Study In Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital In India

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Varma ◽  
R. Kant ◽  
P.P. Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression

Introduction: In our country, number of patients of diabetes is increasing every year, so of depression. The emotional consequences of diabetes have been scrutinized in a number of studies and varying results about the association of depression with type 2 diabetes mellitus have been found. While depression may contribute to poor diabetes-related outcomes, diabetes and its complications may also contribute to poor depression outcomes. Both conditions may have common underlying biological and behavioural mechanisms, such as genetic susceptibility and common pathophysiological mechanism. AIM-To assess the prevalence and the factors associated with depression among the patients with type II diabetes mellitus.Materials and Methods: Single centre, descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted in tertiary care teaching hospital in India for a period of 8 months. 586 type II diabetes patients aged between 30 and 70 years were included. Patients taking mood elevator drugs, suffering from mental illness, gestational diabetes and type 1 diabetes were excluded from the study. Physicians Health Questionnare-9 (PHQ-9) with a score of ≥5 was used to make the diagnosis of depression.Results: Prevalence of depression among the diabetic patients found to be 49.48%. Many factors have been found to be associated with increased prevalence of depression among diabetic patients such as age, female gender, house wife, high BMI, diabetes duration, diabetes related complications, comorbid conditions and poor glycaemic control with poor follow-up.Conclusion: By managing both depression and diabetes concurrently, better outcome in patients and increase in overall quality of life can be achieved. Early detection and treatment of depression by effectively screening all diabetic patients for depression would help to bring down the severity of depression among these patients.Jour of Diab and Endo Assoc of Nepal 2018; 2 (1): 24-28

scholarly journals Magnitude of refractive errors in children in tertiary care hospital of western Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-58
Author(s):  
Srijana Thapa Godar
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of

Background: Refractive error is one of the most common causes of the visual impairment and second leading cause of treatable blindness. The objective of the study was to determine the mag­nitude of refractive errors in children. Methods: This was a hospital based cross-sectional study conducted on 254 children attending Ophthalmology OPD of Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara. The children whose visual acuity was worse than 6/6 but improved with pinhole were included in this study. Vision test, retinoscopy and subjective refraction was done in all subjects and cycloplegic refraction was done when needed. Statistical analysis was carried out using Epi-info version 7. Results: The commonest type of refractive error was astigmatism (46.06%) followed by myopia (42.31%). Majority of children had low grade of refractive errors (46.85%). Among the children, “with the rule astigmatism” was maximum (27.56%). Majority of children were in the age between 11 to 15 years (77.95%). The refractive error was seen more in female (63.78%). Among the chil­dren of refractive errors, 29.13% had family history, 33.46% had given the history of wearing spec­tacles and 10.24% children had amblyopia. There was statistically significant association between refractive errors and age groups, history of wearing spectacles, amblyopia and grading of refractive errors. However, there was no statistically significant association of refractive error with gender, residence and family history. Conclusions: Astigmatism was the common type of refractive error followed by myopia. This study emphasizes the importance of detection of refractive error in children.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Vitamin B12 deficiency in Type II diabetic patients using metformin.

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (09) ◽  
pp. 1322-1325
Author(s):  
Tahir Ullah Khan ◽  
Rozina Arshad ◽  
Saleem Uz Zaman Adhami
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Vitamin B12 Deficiency ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
B12 Deficiency ◽  
Diabetic Population

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of Vitamin B12 deficiency in type II diabetic patients using metformin. Study Design: Cross Sectional study. Setting: Endocrinology Unit Shalamar Hospital Lahore. Period: July to September 2017. Material & Methods: All of our patients were having previously diagnosed type II diabetes and using metformin for more than six months. Using strict exclusion criteria, vitamin B12 levels of patients were measured and analyzed. Results: It was evident from the present study that 27.33% of type II diabetic patients using metformin were having vitamin B12 levels less than 150pg/ml. Furthermore, our study showed that smokers are more liable to develop vitamin B12 deficiency than the nonsmokers. Also, use of multivitamins (containing vitamin B12) had a protective role against vitamin B12 deficiency. Conclusions: Long term use of metformin in type II diabetic patients is strongly associated with Vitamin B12 deficiency, therefore endocrinologists and physicians should take into consideration this significant adverse effect of metformin and screen for vitamin B12 deficiency in diabetic population before starting metformin therapy.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Refractive Errors in Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL4) ◽  
pp. 2249-2253
Author(s):  
Krithiga M ◽  
Xavier Jayaseelan C
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Error ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Eye Examination

The purpose of this study is to estimate the prevalence of refractive errors in children. Children of selected ages will be identified for visual acuity measurement, and primary eye examination will be performed. A cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the refractive errors in children in Saveetha medical college. A comprehensive eye examination was performed, and children with different types of refractive errors were found out. A total of 100 children were taken for the study. The sample size of the study is 100. Eye examination was performed, and refractive error was evaluated. The refractive errors that are most common in the affected age groups can be found out. The most common refractive error was found to be myopia, followed by hypermetropia and then astigmatism. This study helps to identify the most common type of error, and the causes can be found out. This is also helpful in the prevention of these errors. Early diagnosis will lead to proper and effective treatment. When these errors are left untreated, it can cause other severe effects in the eye. Awareness should be created among both the children and the parents about this problem, and the importance of regular eye examination can be stressed through this study.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document