scholarly journals Dactylorhizahatagirea: A Critical Issue for Research and Development in Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-38
Author(s):  
Manu Maya Magar ◽  
Shambhu Prasad Dhital ◽  
Tetsuya Yamada ◽  
Umed Kumar Pun
Keyword(s):  
Review Paper ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Mass Propagation ◽  
Terrestrial Orchid ◽  
Commercial Cultivation ◽  
Medicinal Use ◽  
Fungal Association ◽  
Local Germplasm ◽  
Diversity Study

Dactylorhiza hatagirea (D. don), commonly known as ‘Panchaule’ in Nepal, is a terrestrial orchid found in temperate to the alpine region. It is valued for its ornamental and medicinal use. It is collected haphazardly from nature due to high economic demand. However, its propagation is limited in nature due to its non-endospermous seeds requiring mycorhizal fungal association for germination. This limitation is leading to the extinction of this orchid from nature and has been enlisted as an endangered and threatened species. Its collection and trade are restricted but have been prioritized for research, conservation, and agro-technology development. As very few research has been reported in D. hatagirea, found in Nepal, intensive research, propagation, reintroducing, and commercial cultivation will help control the rhizome collection from nature and meet the economic demand. It will help in the identification and conservation of our local germplasm through its diversity study at the molecular and revenue generation through commercial cultivation under artificial conditions. In this review paper, we discuss the limited research and developments conducted in Dactylorhiza at various levels and ways forward for its research, conservation, and utilization. As the plant is valued for its biochemical constituents, modern biotechnological tools such as transcriptomics and metabolomics can be best utilized to explore the opportunities and increase its production and reintroduction through mass propagation for better commercialization and conservation.

Shifting the View in Systems Development: Technology Development at the Fuzzy Front End As a Key to Success

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armin P. Schulz ◽  
Don P. Clausing ◽  
Herbert Negele ◽  
Ernst Fricke
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Development Environment ◽  
Fuzzy Front End ◽  
Development Technology ◽  
The Right

Abstract Technologies have become a critical issue within product development, since superior technologies are the foundation for successful products. Technology development until now has suffered from a fuzzy innovation process based on trial and error in a high-pressure product development environment, often leaving no time for real innovation. Technologies developed under these circumstances seldom become superior, robust, mature and flexible, which are the criteria considered to be critical for technologies to provide competitive advantage. In this paper the idea of separating technology development from product development into a steady technology stream is evolved. This enables companies to supply their product development programs with winning technologies at the right time. A four-phase process framework to support and catalyze the technology development cycle is introduced, discussing the first and second phase in depth. The proposed framework is based on an integration of five major development methodologies and aims at providing competitive advantage to companies by emphasizing superior, robust, mature, and flexible technologies.

scholarly journals A FUZZY MULTIPLE CRITERIA COMPARISON OF TECHNOLOGY VALUATION METHODS FOR THE NEW MATERIALS DEVELOPMENT

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
An-Chin Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Real Option ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Fuzzy Ahp ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Ahp Method ◽  
Materials Development ◽  
Valuation Methods ◽  
Real Option Approach

New materials have been recognized as key drivers for corporate profitability and growth in today's fast changing environment. To evaluate the development and gain useful appraising information of new materials thus becomes a critical issue. However, little has been done in discussing the selection of technology valuation methods for the development of new materials. Accordingly, this study adopted the fuzzy AHP method to obtain the opinions of professionals on this issue. These efforts resulted in seven evaluation criteria with one, the “data validity” being given the highest weight, followed by “method adaptability” and “technology development evaluability”. It was concluded that the real option approach and income method are the two most applicable technology valuation methods for evaluating new materials development. In addition, the application of the fuzzy AHP method provided a relevant avenue for corporation policy makers and researchers to evaluate the technology valuation methods for new materials.

scholarly journals Recent Progress in the Application of Hydroxyapatite for the Adsorption of Heavy Metals from Water Matrices

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 6898
Author(s):  
Roxana Ioana Brazdis ◽  
Irina Fierascu ◽  
Sorin Marius Avramescu ◽  
Radu Claudiu Fierascu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Removal Of Heavy Metals ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Adsorbent Materials

Wastewater treatment remains a critical issue globally, despite various technological advancements and breakthroughs. The study of different materials and technologies gained new valences in the last years, in order to obtain cheap and efficient processes, to obtain a cleaner environment for future generations. In this context, the present review paper presents the new achievements in the materials domain with highlights on apatitic materials used for decontamination of water loaded with heavy metals. The main goal of this review is to present the adsorptive removal of heavy metals using hydroxyapatite-based adsorbents, offering a general overview regarding the recent progress in this particular area. Developing the current review, an attempt has been made to give appropriate recognition to the most recent data regarding the synthesis methods and targeted pollutants, including important information regarding the synthesis methods and precursors, morphological characteristics of the adsorbent materials and effectiveness of processes.

The moderating effect of virtual integration on intergenerational governance and relationship performance in international customer–supplier relationships

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 579-592
Author(s):  
Ruey-Jer Bryan Jean ◽  
Daekwan Kim ◽  
Yung-Chih Lien ◽  
Sangbum Ro
Keyword(s):  
Technology Development ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Moderating Effect ◽  
Relational Governance ◽  
Supplier Relationships ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Virtual Integration ◽  
Relationship Performance

PurposeWith the growing trend of digital technology in global supply chains, how to manage global supply chain relationships under digital transformation becomes a critical issue. However, academic research in this area is sparse. This study develops and tests a theoretical framework of the moderating effect of virtual integration on interorganziational governance in international customer supplier relationships.Design/methodology/approachWe chose to examine the specific cross-border relationships between Taiwanese suppliers and their international OEMs because Taiwanese suppliers tend to be smaller than their international OEM customers, and thus their relationships usually show power asymmetry. Furthermore, the Taiwanese electronics industry offers a valuable empirical context because its industry members have served as pioneers in information technology development, have championed cross-border relationships with US and European industry leaders and are actively participating in the world economyFindingsOur empirical findings indicate that virtual integration will strengthen the effect contractual governance on relationship performance. However, the moderating effect of virtual integration on relational governance is not significant. The paper discusses the theoretical and managerial implications in the end.Originality/valueThis study contributes to interorganizational governance literature in international contexts. Previous work on international relationship management has focused much on MNE buyers' perspectives and paid little attention to the suppliers' perspectives. This study extends this stream of research by empirically examining how suppliers can govern their MNEs' customers via different governance mechanisms. The findings extend literature on virtual integration and show that virtual integration can complement detailed contract and safeguard opportunism, which in turn, enhance relationship performance in international customer–supplier relationships.

scholarly journals Scientific Prospects for Cannabis-Microbiome Research to Ensure Quality and Safety of Products

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Vujanovic ◽  
Darren R. Korber ◽  
Silva Vujanovic ◽  
Josko Vujanovic ◽  
Suha Jabaji
Keyword(s):  
Product Quality ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Food Science ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Medicinal Use ◽  
Microbiome Research ◽  
Plant Microbiome ◽  
Plant Microbiology

Cannabis legalization has occurred in several countries worldwide. Along with steadily growing research in Cannabis healthcare science, there is an increasing interest for scientific-based knowledge in plant microbiology and food science, with work connecting the plant microbiome and plant health to product quality across the value chain of cannabis. This review paper provides an overview of the state of knowledge and challenges in Cannabis science, and thereby identifies critical risk management and safety issues in order to capitalize on innovations while ensuring product quality control. It highlights scientific gap areas to steer future research, with an emphasis on plant-microbiome sciences committed to using cutting-edge technologies for more efficient Cannabis production and high-quality products intended for recreational, pharmaceutical, and medicinal use.

scholarly journals Study on Technology Development and Solvent Suitability for Separation of Essential Lipid from Various Bioresources: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 295-298
Author(s):  
Mohammednur Seid ◽  
Nuru Ibrahim ◽  
Dr. Ravi Kumar Madugula
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Lipid Extraction ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Literature Survey ◽  
Separation Techniques ◽  
Liquid Co2

The main objective of present study is the solvent suitability as an effective method for the separation of essential lipid from various bio resources. It is very clear from the literature survey that the solvent suitability can be achieved through different solvents such as hexane, methanol, ethyl acetate, liquid Co2. However there is a need to study more on the technology development for separation of essential lipid from bio resources. Hence, this review paper highlights the summary of Separation techniques and lipid extraction methods for removal of lipid from their bioresources.

scholarly journals Ransomware Attacks in History of Cyber World

2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-43
Author(s):  
Fizza Zafri
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Science ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Internet Technology ◽  
Cyber Attack ◽  
Science Student ◽  
Detailed Review ◽  
Technology Advancement ◽  
History Of

Abstract: Technology advancement since last few decades creates cyber attack a critical issue. Cyber security has become an important part today. It has also become an important and crucial subject in the field of forensic science. Increased in the growth of internet technology and internet devices have increased the risk of cyber attack. Almost every organization today are depends on the internet and devices. There are many types of cyber attack. This paper is the detailed review about Ransomware attack. This paper is consisted about vast of the information about What is Ransomware Attack, how does it work, how ransomware attack emerged. After reading this paper you will learn about the ransomware attacks in history of cyber world. This will help you to learn and understand about ransomware attack, how to prevent yourself from ransomware attack. As a forensic science student, it is always important to be aware about the attacks that have happened in the history of cyber world. Before writing this paper, I have read and analyze many research paper and internet articles, so that I can write a detailed review paper which can help students and for the forensic awareness. Keywords: Cyberattack, Hacking, Ransomware, cyberworld, cyber security, ransomware, forensic, network security

Statistics and parallaxes

1978 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 7-29
Author(s):  
T. E. Lutz
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Systematic Errors ◽  
Past Experience ◽  
Random Errors ◽  
Trigonometric Parallaxes ◽  
Systematic And Random Errors

This review paper deals with the use of statistical methods to evaluate systematic and random errors associated with trigonometric parallaxes. First, systematic errors which arise when using trigonometric parallaxes to calibrate luminosity systems are discussed. Next, determination of the external errors of parallax measurement are reviewed. Observatory corrections are discussed. Schilt’s point, that as the causes of these systematic differences between observatories are not known the computed corrections can not be applied appropriately, is emphasized. However, modern parallax work is sufficiently accurate that it is necessary to determine observatory corrections if full use is to be made of the potential precision of the data. To this end, it is suggested that a prior experimental design is required. Past experience has shown that accidental overlap of observing programs will not suffice to determine observatory corrections which are meaningful.

Some applications of electron beam microanalysis techniques in VLSI process evaluation

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 160-161
Author(s):  
Simon Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Process Evaluation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Analysis Of Failures ◽  
Characterization Of Materials ◽  
Circuits Vlsi

Trends in the technology development of very large scale integrated circuits (VLSI) have been in the direction of higher density of components with smaller dimensions. The scaling down of device dimensions has been not only laterally but also in depth. Such efforts in miniaturization bring with them new developments in materials and processing. Successful implementation of these efforts is, to a large extent, dependent on the proper understanding of the material properties, process technologies and reliability issues, through adequate analytical studies. The analytical instrumentation technology has, fortunately, kept pace with the basic requirements of devices with lateral dimensions in the micron/ submicron range and depths of the order of nonometers. Often, newer analytical techniques have emerged or the more conventional techniques have been adapted to meet the more stringent requirements. As such, a variety of analytical techniques are available today to aid an analyst in the efforts of VLSI process evaluation. Generally such analytical efforts are divided into the characterization of materials, evaluation of processing steps and the analysis of failures.

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