scholarly journals Allelopathy and allelochemical quantitative analysis in Pinto peanut (Arachis pintoi)

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
Khanh Linh Phan ◽  
◽  
Ngoc Hai Trieu Phong ◽  
Le Van Nguyen ◽  
Le Thi Ho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Bidens Pilosa ◽  
Arachis Pintoi ◽  
Capsicum Annum ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
Stem Extract ◽  
Perennial Legume ◽  
Soil Fertility Improvement ◽  
Different Parts

Pinto peanut (Arachis pintoi) considered as a perennial legume animal fed plant with good soil fertility improvement was uesed for its allelopathy that had been reported on the germination of Ageratum conyzoides L, Comnyza canadensis L. Cronq., Bidens pilosa L., Solanum lycopersicum and Capsicum annum. through the solutions extracted from different parts of pinto peanut on mustard greens (Brassica juncea), barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) and junglerice (Echinochloa colonum). Consideration of the growth of hypocotyls and rootlets at 48 hours after incubation with pinto peanut extracts, results showed that 1.0 g/ml of the methanolic pinto peanut stem extract greatly inhibited 100% mustard greens growth, 77.7% and 93.5% the hypocotyls and rootlets growth of barnyardgrass, 57.2% and 92.7% the hypocotyls and rootlets growth of junglerice, respectively. The allelopathic activity after liquid-liquid extraction of the ethyl acetate phase greater than the aqueous phase. Allelopathic extract loading from C18 chromatographic column was purified by HPLC to obtain 6 phenolic compounds with the contents in 1 g fresh pinto peanut weight were 0.214 μg (cinamic acid), 0.8344 μg (caffeic acid), 7.7676 μg (coumaric acid), 2.2354 μg (ferullic acid), 0.045 μg (2-4 dimehydroxy benzoic) and 32.1162 μg (salicylic acid). These results should be accordingly considered in the production of biological herbicides.

Self-allelopathy of aquatic extracts from different parts of Ageratum conyzoides and Bidens pilosa

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 624-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gui-bo JIANG ◽  
Dan-ying HUANG ◽  
Lan-mei HUANG ◽  
Guo-wei LIN
Keyword(s):  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Bidens Pilosa ◽  
Different Parts

scholarly journals Bioassays Guided Fractionation of Ageratum conyzoides Extract for the Identification of Natural Antifungal Compounds against Macrophomina phaseolina

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (04) ◽  
pp. 761-767
Author(s):  
Saira Banaras
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Fungal Biomass ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
Antifungal Potential ◽  
Stem Extract ◽  
Different Parts

Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. is a soil-borne fungal pathogen causing diseases in more than 500 plant species. The present study aimed to identify possible antifungal constituents in different parts of billygoat-weed (Ageratum conyzoides L.) through bioassays guided fractionation for the control of M. phaseolina. Extracts of different parts of the weed were made in methanol and antifungal bioassays were conducted using 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5% concentrations of the extract. Stem extract caused the highest inhibition in fungal biomass (20–83%) followed by leaf extract (16–67%). Methanolic stem extract was partitioned using four organic solvents namely n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol. Bioassays carried out with different concentrations (3.125, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg mL-1) of the sub-fractions of stem extract revealed the highest antifungal potential of chloroform sub-fraction with 56–93% reduction in the fungal biomass followed by n-butanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane sub-fractions causing 24–76%, 7–75% and 5–70% reduction in fungal biomass over control, respectively. Chloroform sub-fraction with the highest antifungal potential was analyzed by GC-MS. Out of 10 compounds identified in this sub-fraction, 2H-1-benzopyran, 7-dimethoxy-2,2-dimethyl- (27.58%) was the most abundant followed by hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (18.85%); 11-octadecenoic acid, methyl ester (15.28%) and 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, mono(2-ethylhexyl) ester (10.88%), which could be responsible for antifungal activity. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers

scholarly journals GLANDULAR TRICHOME IN THE ASTERACEAE FAMILY

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-171
Author(s):  
Wina Dyah Puspita Sari ◽  
Cicik Suriani ◽  
Dina Handayani
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Glandular Trichome ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Bidens Pilosa ◽  
Tridax Procumbens ◽  
Synedrella Nodiflora ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Diverse Plant Species ◽  
Leaf Trichome ◽  
Asteraceae Family

The Asteraceae is a diverse plant species and widely distributed, especially in the tropics and subtropics, consisting of 1,600 - 1,700 genera which include 24,000 - 30,000  species. Asteraceae has characteristics of cup flowers and brackets that are not owned by other plants. The objective of this study was to determine the morphological structure of plants and escpecially the leaf glandular trichome in several species of Asteraceae. The research method used was a descriptive method, to describe and interpret the shape, structure and distribution of leaf trichome in the Asteraceae family. This study used eight species of the Asteraceae family, namely Elephantopus mollis, Bidens pilosa, Tithonia deversifolia, Tridax procumbens, Synedrella nodiflora, Eclipta prostrate, Sphagneticola trilobata and Ageratum conyzoides. The observation results of trichomes at 8 species by Scanning Electrone Microscope (SEM) was obtained varied forms of trichomes, both in shape and size. From the research, it was obtained that the forms of multicellular glandular trichome with various shapes, ranging in size from 50.6 µm - 831.9 µm.    

HERBICIDAL ACTIVITY OF Ageratum conyzoides AGAINST PARTHENIUM

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-146
Author(s):  
Nimra Javaid ◽  
Arshad Javaid ◽  
Mukhtar Hussain Shah ◽  
Iqra Haider Khan ◽  
Syed Muhammad Waleed
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Stem Extract ◽  
Noxious Weed ◽  
Germination And Growth ◽  
Laboratory Bioassays

This study was carried out to explore herbicidal potential of an asteraceous weed Ageratum conyzoides against an exotic noxious weed parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus L.). Different concentrations (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10%) of aqueous extracts of various parts of the tested weed were used in laboratory bioassays. ANOVA revealed the significant effect of plant part bioassay and extract concentration on germination as well as various root and shoot growth parameters. Leaf extract was found the most herbicidal where a 10% extract completely inhibited the germination and growth of parthenium. Root and inflorescence extracts were also highly inhibitory in suppressing the germination up to 89% and 95%, shoot length up to 80% and 89%, root length up to 86% and 91%, and plant biomass up to 89% and 98%, respectively. Stem extract showed the least herbicidal activity causing up to 46%, 59%, 73% and 37% reduction in germination, shoot length, root length and plant biomass, respectively. This study concludes that leaf, root and inflorescence extracts of A. conyzoides possess strong herbicidal potential against germination and growth of parthenium.

USING EXTRACTS OF LAMB'S QUARTERS WEED FOR CONTROL OF Alternaria alternata

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-155
Author(s):  
Sana Javaid ◽  
Mukhtar Hussain Shah ◽  
Iqra Haider Khan ◽  
Arshad Javaid ◽  
Syed Muhammad Waleed
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Plant Part ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Reduced Pressure ◽  
Antifungal Potential ◽  
Stem Extract ◽  
Lamb’S Quarters ◽  
Laboratory Bioassays ◽  
Different Parts

Antifungal potential of extracts of different parts of lamb's quarters weed (Chenopodium album L.) against a plant pathogenic fungus Alternaria alternate assessed through laboratory bioassays. Different parts of the weed were soaked in methanol for two weeks to get the extracts. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, and different concentrations of the extracts of each plant part (1 to 5%) were prepared in malt extract broth. Leaf, root and fruit extracts exhibited pronounced antifungal activity resulting in 23–95%, 29–96% and 9–94% suppression in biomass of A. alternata. The effect of stem extract was insignificant. This study concludes that all parts of C. album except stem contain potent antifungal constituents to control A. alternata.

scholarly journals Analysis of triterpenoids, carotenoids, and phenylpropanoids in the flowers, leaves, roots, and stems of white bitter melon (Cucurbitaceae, Momordica charantia)

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-160
Author(s):  
Do Manh Cuong ◽  
Ramaraj Sathasivam ◽  
Chang Ha Park ◽  
Hyeon Ji Yeo ◽  
Ye Eun Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Cinnamic Acid ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Momordica Charantia ◽  
Bitter Melon ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
Direct Sunlight ◽  
Β Carotene ◽  
Different Parts

Purpose: To evaluate the contents of carotenoids, triterpenoids, and phenylpropanoids in different parts of white bitter melon.Methods: We evaluated the accumulation of 2 triterpenoids, 10 carotenoids, and 11 phenylpropanoids in different parts of white bitter melon, including fruits at four different developmental stages using HPLC.Results: Charantin, lutein, and rutin were the main triterpenoids, carotenoids, and phenylpropanoids, respectively. The accumulation of triterpenoids (momordicine and charantin), carotenoids (antheraxanthin, lutein, violaxanthin, α-carotene, and β-carotene), and phenylpropanoids (caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, epicatechin, gallic acid, p-coumaric acid, rutin, and trans-cinnamic acid) was high inthe leaves and/or flowers, which are exposed to direct sunlight, but low in the roots.Conclusion: Most of the analyzed components were accumulated at high levels in the leaves and/or flowers. These results will help exploit the compounds in various parts of white bitter melon that are beneficial for human health. Keywords: Momordica charantia, Bitter melon, Triterpenoid, Carotenoid, Phenylpropanoid

scholarly journals Host plants of root-knot nematodes

1975 ◽  
Vol 32 (0) ◽  
pp. 527-530
Author(s):  
Luiz Gonzaga E. Lordello ◽  
Luiz Carlos Fazuoli ◽  
Condorcet Aranha ◽  
Rubens R.A. Lordello
Keyword(s):  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Coffea Canephora ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Bidens Pilosa ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Eleusine Indica ◽  
Solanum Americanum

Root-knot nematodes were found attacking Coffea spp. and also roots of a few weed species usually found in the coffee orchards in São Paulo. C. arabica cv. Catuaí, C. arabica cv. Mundo Novo, Timor Hybrid and a few plants of C. racemosa showed to be susceptible to Meloidogyne exigua. Roots of Ageratum conyzoides, Amaranthus viridis, Bidens pilosa, Coffea arabica cv. Mundo Novo, Coffea racemosa, Commelina virginica, Digitaria sanguinalis, Galinsoga parviflora, Gnaphalium spathulatum, Porophyllum ruderale, Portulaca oleracea, Pterocaulon virgatum and Solanum americanum were disfigured by M. incognita M. arenaria was found attacking roots of Eleusine indica and Gnaphalium spathulatum, and the presence of an unidentified Meloidogyne species was verified in roots of the following species: Vernonia ferruginea, C. arabica x C. canephora, Eupatorium pauciflorum, Coffea canephora cv. Kouillou, Coffea eugenioides, Coffea racemosa, Coffea stenophylla, Euphorbia pilullifera, Solanum americanum, Ageratum conyzoides, Phyllanthus corcovadensis, and Emilia sagittata.

scholarly journals Alkaline organosolv pretreatment of different sorghum stem parts for enhancing the total reducing sugar yields and p-coumaric acid release

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dandan Li ◽  
Liangkun Long ◽  
shaojun Ding
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Enzymatic Saccharification ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Enzyme Hydrolysis ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
Pretreatment Condition ◽  
Acid Release ◽  
Pretreatment Conditions ◽  
Ethanol Pretreatment ◽  
Different Parts

Abstract Background : The sorghum stem can be divided into the pith and rind parts with obvious differences in cell type and chemical composition, thus arising the different recalcitrance to enzyme hydrolysis and demand for different pretreatment conditions. The introduction of organic solvents in the pretreatment can reduce over-degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose, but significance of solvent addition in pretreatment of different parts of sorghum stem is still unclear. Valorization of each component is critical for economy of sorghum biorefinery. Therefore, in this study, NaOH-ethanol pretreatment condition for different parts of the sorghum stem was optimized in order to maximize p -coumaric acid release and total reducing sugar recovery. Result: Ethanol addition improved p -coumaric acid release and delignification efficiency, but significantly reduced hemicellulose deconstruction in NaOH-ethanol pretreatment. The pith and rind require different NaOH-ethanol pretreatment conditions for maximal p -coumaric acid release and xylan preservation. The p - coumaric acid release yields by optimized NaOH-ethanol pretreatment reached 94.07%, 97.24% and 95.05% from pith, rind and whole stem, respectively, which increased by 8.16%, 8.38% and 8.39% compared to those of NaOH pretreated samples. Comparatively, xylan was more resistant to be dissolved from the rind than from the pith in the same NaOH-ethanol conditions. Adding xylanase significantly enhanced the enzymatic saccharification of pretreated residues. The total reducing sugar yields after NaOH-ethanol pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis reached 84.06%, 82.29% and 84.09% for pith, rind and whole stem, respectively, which increased by 29.56%, 23.67% and 25.56% compared to those of NaOH pretreated samples. Conclusion: These results indicated that NaOH-ethanol is effective for the efficient fractionation and pretreatment of sorghum biomass. This work will help to understand the differences of different parts of sorghum stem under NaOH-ethanol pretreatment, thereby improving the full-component utilization of sorghum stem. Keywords: Sorghum stem; NaOH-ethanol pretreatment; p -coumaric acid; enzymatic hydrolysis.

scholarly journals PENGARUH BERBAGAI TINGKAT FRAKSI EKSTRAK DAUN SIRIH (Piper betle L.) dan DAUN BABADOTAN (Ageratum conyzoide) TERHADAP Colletotrichum capsici PENYEBAB PENYAKIT ANTRAKNOSA PADA CABAI (Capsicum annum L.) SECARA IN VITRO

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Intan Rahayu Ningtyas ◽  
Efri Efri ◽  
Titik Nur Aeny
Keyword(s):  
Piper Betle ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Capsicum Annum ◽  
Colletotrichum Capsici

Salah satu kendala untuk meningkatkan produktivitas cabai, baik dari segi kualitas maupun kuantitas adalah penyakit antraknosa, yang disebabkan oleh jamur Colletotrichum capsici. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh berbagai tingkat fraksi ekstrak daun sirih (Piper betle L.) dan daun babadotan (Ageratum conyzoides) terhadap pertumbuhan C. capsici secara in vitro. Percobaan terdiri dari dua sub percobaan, masing-masing sub percobaan disusun dalam rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan sebelas perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Perlakuan sub percobaan pertama terdiri dari kontrol (PDA tanpa perlakuan ekstrak daun sirih), ekstrak daun sirih dengan pelarut aquades, ekstrak daun sirih dengan pelarut alkohol 10% (daun sirih + alkohol 10%), pelarut alkohol 50% (daun sirih + alkohol 50%), pelarut alkohol 90% (daun sirih + alkohol 90%), pelarut etil asetat 10% (daun sirih + etil asetat 10%), pelarut etil asetat 50% (daun sirih + etil asetat 50%), pelarut etil asetat 90% (daun sirih + etil asetat 90%), pelarut  n-heksana 10% (daun sirih + n-heksana 10%), pelarut n-heksana 50% (daun sirih + n-heksana 50%), dan pelarut n-heksana 90% (daun sirih + n-heksana 90%). Sub percobaan kedua adalah ekstrak daun babadotan dengan perlakuan yang sama dengan ekstrak daun sirih.  Data hasil pengamatan dianalisis menggunakan sidik ragam dan perbedaan nilai tengah antar perlakuan diuji dengan Uji Jarak Berganda (Duncan) pada taraf nyata 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan ekstrak daun sirih pada fraksi ekstrak n-heksana 50%, n-heksana 90%, n-heksana 10% dan etil asetat 90% menunjukkan pengaruh penghambatan terhadap pertumbuhan C. capsici. Pada daun sirih, fraksi ekstrak n-heksana 50%, n-heksana 90%, nheksana 10% dan etil asetat 90 dapat berpengaruh dalam menghambat pertumbuhan jumlah spora. Pada ekstrak daun babadotan, fraksi ekstrak n-heksana 10%, n-heksana 50%, n-heksana 90% dapat menghambat pertumbuhan C. capsici. Tetapi, pada jumlah spora daun babadotan, tidak berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan spora.

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