scholarly journals Anomali Prosedur Pemilihan Kepala Pemerintahan Negeri di Kecamatan Salahutu Kabupaten Maluku Tengah

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 186
Author(s):  
Muhammad Husein Maruapey ◽  
Budiman Rusli
Keyword(s):  
State Government ◽  
Community Support ◽  
New Order ◽  
Political Elites ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
Internal Conflicts ◽  
Long Time ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
Village Government ◽  
Main Instrument

<h1>Research about Anomaly of Election Procedure of Head Village Government until now become unresolved social problem. Although the Policy of Regional Regulation Number 3 Year 2006 has been going on for a long time. The Local Government has made various breakthroughs, but is constrained by various problems. Among others, internal conflicts of indigenous peoples, lack of community support and the intrigue and interests of local political elites. The use of qualitative methods in this study is because the object under study requires direct observation of the researcher as the main instrument in addition to avoiding the occurrence of speculation and engineering research data, Based on the research, showing there are procedural deviations caused by several aspects such as: Saniri State Resources not yet qualified, implementing agencies are inconsistent with rules, halfhearted and unequivocal policies, external conditions of polarized community with policy the election of the village head implemented by the Soeharto government. The results of the research showing are related to factors (1) Human Resources not yet qualified, (2) Non-compliance with Rules, (3) Unclear policies, (4) with the Electoral Program of the New Order era (5) Intrik and interests of local political elites and (6) The history bias of the State Government.</h1>

scholarly journals Duan-Lolat Tradition In Traditional Marriage Of The Tanimbar Community: Ethnographic Study of Traditional Marriage in Latdalam Village, Tanimbar South District, West Southeast Maluku Regency.

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 434-450
Author(s):  
Aksilas Dasfordate ◽  
Agus Sholahuddin ◽  
Bonaventura Ngarawula
Keyword(s):  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
The West ◽  
The People ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Traditional Marriage ◽  
Village Government ◽  
Main Instrument ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Language And Law

The Tanimbar people certainly have customs, traditions, and habits that have been preserved from generation to generation. The Duan and Lolat systems represent customs and traditions, which are still present throughout the Tanimbar archipelago. In that context, as part of the Tanimbar community, the people of Latdalam village, South Tanimbar district, West Southeast Maluku district who inhabit the west coast of Yamdena Island also use the Duan and Lolat traditions in various aspects of life, both political, economic and socio-cultural life. The main objective of this research is to describe and analyze the process of the formation of Duan and Lolat traditions in the traditional marriage of Latdalam villagers in the South Tanimbar district, West Southeast Maluku Regency. The approach used in this research is to use a descriptive-qualitative approach. The research location is Latdalam Village, South Tanimbar district, West Southeast Maluku Regency. Informants in this study consisted of; the Latdalam village government; the Church, namely religious leaders who know and understand the traditions of Duan and Lolat in the marriage customs of the Latdalam community; Duan and Lolat parties that involve two families in carrying out traditional marriages. Data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation studies. The research instrument is the researcher himself as the main instrument. The results obtained from this study are as follows: (1). In the life of the people of Tanimbar, West Southeast Maluku Regency, a kinship value known as Duan and Lolat has been maintained for a long time. The Duan and Lolat traditions are applied in various aspects of life, including marriage. (2). The process towards a traditional marriage based on the Duan and Lolat traditions in the Latdalam Village community, Tanimbar Selatan District, West Southeast Maluku Regency. (3). The traditions of Duan and Lolat in traditional community marriages in Latdalam village contain religious or belief values, art, language, and law. This study recommends further research on the wars of the West Southeast Maluku Regency government, especially the District Tourism Office, in designing work programs to promote the Duan and Lolat traditions as local wisdom.  

scholarly journals Budaya Politik Sivil dan Pendemokrasian di Indonesia : Sebuah Analisa Politik

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Indra Fauzan ◽  
Nidzam Sulaiman
Keyword(s):  
Political Culture ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Student Movements ◽  
The Political ◽  
New Order ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Political Condition ◽  
Internal Conflicts ◽  
Class Society ◽  
Civil Values

<em>Democratization in Indonesia is a political shift from non-democracy to democracy. This political shift affects political change in Indonesia. Many scholars see that this democratization is due to the factors of economic recession, internal internal conflicts and political parties of New Order advocates, Student Movements or opposition. The aim of this study is to see how the process of political culture in Indonesia has come to the democratization of many scholars who have overlooked this political culture. The method used is literature study in the context of collecting data through documents such as Books, Journals, Bachelor Theses and some other references, this method of inquiry is chosen to better understand the political condition of Indonesia textually. In this context, political culture has become a major factor in the catalysts of democratization because the political culture of a middle-class society is a result of a long process resulting in the formation of civil values that impede democratization. This article ultimately aims to contribute thought in the process of building democratic values during democratization.</em>

scholarly journals PERAN BPD DALAM MENDUKUNG PEMERINTAH DESA UNTUK MEWUJUDKAN GOOD GOVERNANCE DI DESA SUMBERKEPUH KEC.TANJUNGANOM KABUPATEN NGANJUK

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-73
Author(s):  
Yenik Pujowati
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
New Order ◽  
Seven Principles ◽  
State Apparatus ◽  
The Government ◽  
Democratic Parties ◽  
Village Government ◽  
Principle Of Proportionality ◽  
The Village

ABSTRAKSetelah peralihan rezim dari orde baru ke reformasi Negara melahirkan Undang-Undang No. 28 tahun 1999. Dalam peraturan tersebut, menjadi tujuh azas dan menjadipedoman bagi seluruh perangkat Negara untuk melaksanakan tugas. Ketujuh azastersebut meliputi azas kepastian hukum, azas tertib penyelenggaran, azas kepentinganumum, azas keterbukaan, azas proporsionality, azas prfesionalitas dan azasakuntabilitas.Otonomi daerah juga terbagi atas Pemerintahan Tingkat Provinsi,Pemerintahan Tingkat Kabupaten/Kota, dan Pemerintahan Tingkat Desa.Pemerintahan Desa dikatakan pemerintahan yang otonom karena dalam UU No. 6Tahun 2014, desa adalah kesatuan masyarakat hukum yang memiliki kewenangan untukmengurus dan mengatur kepentingan masyarakat setempat berdasarkan adat istiadatdan asal usul yang diakui oleh Negara. Dengan demikian pemerintah desa tidakbergantung sepenuhnya pada pemerintahan diatasnya dalam urusan pelaksanaanPemerintahan Desa. Desa juga memiliki kewenangan untuk menyelenggarakan pestademokrasi dan adanya pemilihan Kepala Desa dan lembaga BPD adalah wujud daridemokrasi tersebut.Kata Kunci : Good Governance, Badan pemusyawaratan Desa (BPD)AbstractAfter the transition of the regime from the new order to the reform of the State gave riseto Law no. 28 of 1999. In the regulation, it becomes the seven principles and serves asthe guidance for all State apparatus to carry out the task. The seven principles cover theprinciples of legal certainty, the principles of orderliness, the principles of publicinterest, the principles of transparency, the principle of proportionality, the principle ofprofessionalism and the principle of accountability. Regional autonomy is also dividedinto Provincial, Regency / Municipal Governance and Village Government. VillageGovernment is said to be an autonomous government because in Law no. 6 Year 2014,the village is a legal community unit which has the authority to administer and regulatethe interests of the local community based on customs and origins recognized by theState. Thus the village government does not depend entirely on the government above itin the affairs of the implementation of Village Government. Villages also have theauthority to organize democratic parties and the election of village heads and BPDinstitutions is a manifestation of the democracy.Keywords: Good Governance, Village Development Board (BPD)

DESICCATION–REHYDRATION STRESS REVEALED BY SUGAR-METABOLITE-RESERVE MODEL

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
JULIANA M. BERBERT ◽  
KAREN A. OLIVEIRA ◽  
RAFAELA F. MARTIN ◽  
DANILO C. CENTENO
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Compartmental Model ◽  
Numerical Solutions ◽  
Mathematical Formulation ◽  
Photosynthetic Organisms ◽  
Crop Field ◽  
Long Time ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
New Perspective

We focus on the evaluation of photosynthetic organisms. Some species and tissues can endure periods of the dry season because they rely on a robust dynamics of metabolites. The metabolic dynamics are complex and challenging to address because it involves several steps, usually with hundreds of metabolites. The metabolites densities vary among species and tissues and respond to external conditions, such as an environmental stimulus like water supply. Understanding these responses, particularly the desiccation–rehydration processes, are important both economically and evolutionarily, especially in the presence of climate change. Therefore, we propose a new way to analyze the dynamics of metabolites with a compartmental model which explores the metabolites densities’ dependence on water explicitly. We use a mathematical formulation to model the dynamics among three essential metabolites classes: sugar ([Formula: see text]), active metabolite ([Formula: see text]), and reserve accumulation ([Formula: see text]). Through stability analysis and numerical solutions, we characterize regions on the phase space, defined by the transition rates between the classes [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text], where the system diverges or approaches zero. We show that different species and tissues respond distinctly to desiccation processes, being more or less resilient according to the transitions rate between the compartments of the model. Furthermore, the effects of water supply fluctuation, due to the desiccation–rehydration processes, show that unless the organism has a robust reservoir metabolism, the system cannot support itself for a long time. Many results corroborate experimental observations, and others provide a new perspective on the studies of metabolic dynamics, such as the significance of the reservoir metabolism. We understand that knowing the organism’s response to abiotic changes, particularly that of the water supply, may improve our management of the use of these organisms, for example, in the crop field during climate changes.

An End to Witch Trials in Austria: Reconsidering the Enlightened State

1999 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 159-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmund M. Kern
Keyword(s):  
State Policy ◽  
Political Elites ◽  
Political Reforms ◽  
Witch Trials ◽  
Long Time

For a Long time, scholars of witch-hunting presented Enlightenment political reforms as a kind of ”cure” for the “craze” of witchcraft, but despite these efforts, relatively little attention was truly paid to the end of witch-hunting. Without were formulated, historians attributed changes in state policy to an emerging skepticism and rationalism within the judicial and political elites of Europe.1 At times, scholars focus upon specific, local trials in which a loss of confidence emerged among those hearing witchcraft cases, but somewhat more frequently, they examine specific regions in which, they claim, scientific values and attitudes fostered skepticism among the elites formulating policies on the crime of witchcraft.2 Although there is an undeniable validity to both approaches, their conclusions are not without controversy. Several scholars have pointed out that judicial skepticism toward the crime of witchcraft emerged even before widespread intellectual change, and they have noted that the centralization of judicial administrations led to a decrease in the number and intensity of trials well in advance of enlightened thinking.

scholarly journals Lessons in building community support for no-take MPAs from the Mexican Caribbean

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
OCTO
Keyword(s):  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Community Support ◽  
Fishing Community ◽  
Building Trust ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Mexican Caribbean ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Building Community ◽  
Training Opportunities ◽  
And Training

Building trust between fishers and managers is key for management actions, including for marine protected areas (MPAs). Governments seeking to establish trust should have strong enforcement of regulations as observing illegal fishing reduces trust. Managers themselves are more trusted if they have worked with the fishing community for a long time, frequently visit fishing communities, explain management actions simply and clearly, and provide educational and training opportunities for fishers like citizen science monitoring campaigns.

scholarly journals IN SILICO MODELING OF THE REDOX METABOLISM IN HUMAN ERYTHROCYTES

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Olga Dotsenko
Keyword(s):  
Redox State ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Pentose Phosphate ◽  
Human Erythrocytes ◽  
Final Model ◽  
In Silico Modeling ◽  
Long Time ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Mathematical Model

There was elaborated the mathematical model of erythrocytes metabolism, including glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), pentose phosphate pathway, metHb restoration pathway, Н2О2 metabolism reaction. The final model includes 50 reactions and 60 metabolites. Within the model was studied the change of activity of some enzymes and concentrations of metabolites in stationary state, that take part in the processes of utilization of oxygen active forms and restoration of metgemoglobin, depending on amount of exogenous and endogenous Н2О2. There was demonstrated the threshold character of changes of the many studied parameters, that testifies that the cells can be practically in physiological state at the change of external conditions for rather long time. There was carried out an assessment of redox-state of erythrocytes at oxidizing load: was demonstrated the change of EGSSG/2GSH, ENADP+/NADPH and ENAD+/NADH from the concentration of endogenous Н2О2. There was established that in the studied diapason of concentrations of endogenous Н2О2 was observed the high slope of the change of EGSSG/2GSH, that was not observed for ENADP+/NADPH and the other redox-pairs. The results of modeling coincide with existing views on the functioning of enzymes of antioxidant protection in human erythrocytes and testify to the possibility of practical use of the model

scholarly journals Dominująca rola suwerennych państw w ramach europejskiej polityki mniejszościowej

2014 ◽  
pp. 16-31
Author(s):  
Mirosław Matyja
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Role ◽  
Global Solutions ◽  
Legal Rights ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Internal Conflicts ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
The Status ◽  
Long Time ◽  
International Instruments

The dominant role of sovereign states in minotity policy in EuropeThe multi-ethnicity in Europe was shaped long time in the history, her image influenced the relations between countries and was often a source of international and internal conflicts. For this purpose, the international efforts have been made, which regulate the status of minorities in Europe and the world. Protective systems for national minorities were formed at different levels of policy; the global solutions of general and declarative nature, regional solutions, characterized by a greater degree of institutionalization, and national solutions with control mechanisms of functioning. These regulations, concerning minority policy in Europe, formulated in many international instruments, are declarative and facultative. Even within the European Union, there is generally no binding legal rights, which formulate protection of minorities. States are sovereign and the principle of the sovereignty determines the protection- policy of minorities living on their territories. Dominująca rola suwerennych państw w ramach europejskiej polityki mniejszościowejWieloetniczność w Europie kształtowana była przez kilka stuleci, zaś jej wizerunek rzutował na stosunki między poszczególnymi krajami, był źródłem międzynarodowych oraz wewnętrznych napięć i konfliktów. W tym celu na arenie międzynarodowej podjęte zostały starania, które mają na celu uregulowanie statusu mniejszości w Europie i na świecie. Systemy ochronne dla mniejszości narodowych ukształtowane zostały na różnych płaszczyznach politycznych, od rozwiązań globalnych mających charakter ogólnikowy i deklaratywny, po rozwiązania regionalne, charakteryzujące się większym stopniem instytucjonalizacji, i narodowe z funkcjonującymi mechanizmami kontroli.Wymienione uregulowania dotyczące polityki mniejszościowej w Europie, sformułowane w wielu międzynarodowych aktach prawnych, mają charakter fakultatywno‑deklaratywny i w tym sensie nie zobowiązują państw do ich przestrzegania. Nawet w ramach Unii Europejskiej nie ma zasadniczo wiążących praw formułujących ochronę mniejszości narodowych. Państwa są suwerenne i to właśnie zasada suwerenności determinuje ich dobrą bądź złą wolę w zakresie ochrony mniejszości zamieszkujących ich terytorium.

scholarly journals Institutional and political development of the Russian state in the context of the theory of A. Greif

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 324
Author(s):  
Dmitry N. Ermakov ◽  
Grigory G. Popov ◽  
Galina N. Kaninskaya ◽  
Victoria M. Marasanova
Keyword(s):  
Political Development ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
External Threats ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Balance Of Interests ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Face ◽  
External Conditions

The purpose of this article is to test the concept of A. Greif for the operation of the principle of establishing a balance of interests in Russian society in the face of increasing external threats. The article reveals the significance of the Veche as an institution that reflected the desire to establish a balance of interests of elites in Russian society. The author traces changes in the significance of the traditions of self-government in Russian lands with the increase of military threats. The content of the balance of interests in medieval Russian society is determined. The problematic method of historical analysis is applied to the study of the political processes of medieval Russia, and the problem of narodopravstvo is brought to the fore. The conceptual idea of A. Greif is confirmed in Russian medieval history. Deviations from the rule deduced by A. Greif under certain external conditions lead society to crises. The authors point out that the easing of military pressure from the nomads on North-Eastern Russia (1408) allowed the Moscow princes to concentrate their efforts on fighting potential internal opposition and other branches of the Rurik dynasty that occupied the great tables, as well as against the Novgorod Republic, which embodied the ancient Slavic state order. In the course of this struggle, the balance of interests between strata of Russian society was disrupted, which eventually resulted in the establishment of a brutal serfdom and a reactionary form of centralized government - autocracy. In South-Western and North-Western Russia, such conditions did not develop, so the old Slavic order was preserved there for a long time, but, due to military and political reasons, the States in these regions did not manage to maintain independence.

scholarly journals Confrontation of nobles of Poland as a factor of exacerbating ethnosocial relations in Ukraine by the end of XVIth century – at the first half of XVIIth century

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 5-26
Author(s):  
Andrii BOLIANOVSKYI
Keyword(s):  
Civil Wars ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Social Conflicts ◽  
Internal Conflicts ◽  
Xvith Century ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Xviith Century

The author describes the main forms and manifestations of internal conflicts in the environment of noble families in the Ukrainian lands since their accession to Rzecz Pospolita as united Polish-Lithuanian state on the basis of the Union of Lublin in 1569 up to the War under the leadership of Bohdan Khmelnytskyi. According to author’s statements, permanent struggle among them was able to happen due to the specific of this state that garanted to reach Polish nobles the large rights. Long-time colonization of ‘Wild steppe’ was accompanied occasional ‘raider attacks’ of landowners against their neighbors. Particular emphasis is given to different situation of dependent peasants, which during these ‘local civil wars’ often did become ‘blind arms’ of their masters. The influence of these confrontations on the processes of the growth of protesting attitude among the Ukrainian gentry and peasantry and their influence on the rising of Cossack and peasant uprisings in Ukraine during abovementioned period are analyzed. The article contribute certainly to better understanding of disagreements in interests between often ethnically different social strata in Ukraine. Widespread of this confrontation provoked some anarchy of powerless inside the country as well as hostile situations between Polish and Ukrainian nobles. Cossack uprisings were results not only social conflicts between Polish gentry and Ukrainian peasantry, Orthodox Ukrainians and Rome-Catholic Poles, but also inter-strata conflicts among anti-Polish nobles and ‘loyal to Crown’ gentry of Poland. Conflicts after colonization of ‘Wild field’, as well as the value of personal insults of offended persons in provoking these conflicts are characterized. The accent is made that the assaults, violence and crimes were happened long time before Cossack-Polish conflicts. According to author’s conclusions, all these confrontations between different ethnic and social groups were transferred in a form the long-lasted wars of Cossacks and peasants against their former owners beginning from 1648. Keywords Rzeczpospolita, Ukraine, nobles, ethnosocial conflicts

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