scholarly journals Orientalist Construction on the Existence of Ammiyah Arabic in Egypt in the 20th Century

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 218
Author(s):  
M. Taufiq Hidayat Pabbajah ◽  
Mustaqim Pabbajah
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Social Communication ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Observational Research ◽  
State Administration ◽  
The Government

This study aims to explorehow the Ammiyah language came about in Egypt in the 20th century. It adopted an observational research design. To gather the data, the books and journals covering Orientalism were examined.The study details three of the findings. First, the Ammiyah language differs from the Arabic Fusha in terms of syntax, lexical and phonological characteristics. Second, Ammiyah has often been used in Egypt in familial and social communication. Third, the construction carried out by Orientalists in popularizing the Ammiyah language in order to shift the role of the Arabic Fusha as the language of state administration in Egypt through two aspects. The government orders the writing of books and newspapers in the Ammiyah language using Latin letters, and prohibits the teaching of Fusha language in the school and all activities. Although the Orientalist effort failed because of the opposition from Arab literary groups both Muslim and Christian Arabs, as well as the Al-Azhar and Majma 'Lughah Universities which protected the purity of the Arabic language, there was still a social impact on Egyptian society. The Egyptian society utilizes a number of Ammiyah languages in day-to-day contact.

“BULYGINSKAYA DUMA”. AGENCY WITHOUT POWER OR POWER OF AGENCY?

2021 ◽  
pp. 32-42
Author(s):  
Sergey S. Novoselskii ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Government Policy ◽  
Electoral System ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Public Figures ◽  
State Administration ◽  
Intellectual Context ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Russian Empire

The article considers the attitude of representatives of the top bureaucracy to the draft of the State Duma, developed by a Special Council chaired by the Minister of the Interior A.G. Bulygin in 1905. Particular attention is paid to the high officials assessments of the dignitaries of the place and role of the Duma in the system of state administration of the Russian Empire, the arguments that officials cited in favor of its convocation. It analyzes intellectual context of the emergence of the “bulyginskaya duma” (“Bulygin Duma”) project is analyzed, which largely determined the breadth of the actual, not declared powers of the people’s agency. The research is based on unpublished documents from the funds of state institutions, as well as materials from the personal funds of officials and public figures. The article shows that, despite the legislative nature of the Duma, it had to have significant powers. The electoral system, which was proposed and defended by the high officials, was originally modeled in such a way as to avoid the triumph of the estates principle. The monarch’s open opposition to the people’s agency was considered a politically short-sighted move, which indicated a limitation of his power. The results of the study allow considering the government policy in 1905 not as an untimely response to public demands, but as a conscious strategy for systemic political reforms.

scholarly journals IMPLEMENTASI PERCEPATAN PEMBANGUNAN DESA DALAM MEWUJUDKAN PEMBANGUNAN BERKELANJUTAN BERDASARKAN UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 6 TAHUN 2014 TENTANG DESA

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (02) ◽  
pp. 216-227
Author(s):  
Abustan Abustun
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Public Facilities ◽  
State Administration ◽  
Development Policies ◽  
The Government ◽  
Village Government ◽  
The Village ◽  
And Training

Dalam perjalanan ketatanegaraan Indonesia, sistem pemerintahan desa kembali mulai diseragamkan melalui Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 tentang Desa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan peran lembaga pemerintahan desa dalam pelaksanaan pembangunan berkelanjutan di pedesaan serta tata kelola kebijakan pembangunan desa melalui pemanfaatan Dana Desa. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum empiris. Hasil penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa faktor pendukung pelaksanaan tugas Kepala Desa di Kecamatan Trucuk yaitu adanya pengarahan, bimbingan, serta pelatihan bagi Kepala Desa dalam menyusun rancangan peraturan desa untuk mewujudkan percepatan pembangunan desa yang berkelanjutan. Sedangkan faktor yang menghambat pelaksanaan tugas Kepala Desa di Kecamatan Trucuk yaitu rendahnya partisipasi masyarakat dalam menyikapi program kerja yang dijalankan oleh pemerintah desa serta rendahnya kesadaran masyarakat dalam memelihara fasilitas umum yang ada di desa. Pemerintahan desa yang baik adalah sebuah kerangka institusional untuk memperkuat otonomi desa karena secara substantif desentralisasi dan otonomi desa bukan hanya masalah pembagian kewenangan antarlevel pemerintah, melainkan sebagai upaya membawa pemerintah untuk lebih dekat dengan masyarakat. Pemerintah desa yang kuat dan otonom tidak akan bermakna bagi masyarakat tanpa ditopang oleh transparansi, akuntabilitas, responsivitas, dan partisipasi masyarakat.   IMPLEMENTATION OF ACCELERATION OF VILLAGE DEVELOPMENT IN REALIZING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT BASED ON LAW NUMBER 6 YEAR 2014 ABOUT VILLAGE Abstract In the course of the Indonesian state administration, the village government system began to be uniform again through Law Number 6 of 2014 concerning Villages. This research aims to explain the role of village government institutions in the implementation of sustainable development in rural areas and the governance of village development policies through the use of Village Funds. The method used in this research is empirical legal research. The results of this research explain that the supporting factors for the implementation of the duties of the village head in Trucuk Village are direction, guidance, and training for village heads in drafting village regulations to realize the acceleration of sustainable village development. Meanwhile, the factors that hinder the implementation of the duties of the village head in Trucuk Village are the low participation of the community in responding to the work programs run by the village government and the low awareness of the community in maintaining public facilities in the village. Good village governance is an institutional framework to strengthen village autonomy because substantively decentralization and village autonomy are not just a matter of sharing authority between levels of government, but as an effort to bring the government closer to the community. A strong and autonomous village government will not be meaningful to the community without being supported by transparency, accountability, responsiveness and community participation.  

scholarly journals KEDUDUKAN TIM PENGAWAL DAN PENGAMANAN PEMERINTAHAN DAN PEMBANGUNAN DAERAH (TP4D) DALAM RANGKA UPAYA PENCEGAHAN TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-52
Author(s):  
Muhammad Junaidi ◽  
Marhin Marthin
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Structure ◽  
Attorney General ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
State Administration ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Laws And Regulations

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh Kejaksaan Republik Indonesia yang telah membentuk struktur organisasi baru yaitu Tim Pengawal dan Pengamanan Pemerintahan dan Pembangunan atau dikenal dengan nama (TP4). TP4 ini berlokasi di pusat (Kejaksaan Agung) dan ditiap-tiap daerah ( Kejaksaan Tinggi dan Kejaksaan Negeri). Kelahiran TP4 mulanya untuk meningkatkan peran Kejaksaan dibidang perdata dan tata usaha negara (DATUN) tetapi pada akhirnya berada di bidang Intelijen. Selain itu, pembentukan TP4 merupakan salah satu respon Kejaksaan adanya Instruksi Presiden No. 7 Tahun 2015 Tentang Aksi Pencegahan dan Pemberantasan Korupsi tahun 2015. Pembentukan tim TP4 bertujuan untuk mengawal dan mengawasi pembangunan di daerah serta mendukung keberhasilan pemerintahan dan pembangunan melalui upaya upaya pencegahan secara preventif dan persuasif. Kejaksaan sesuai ketentuan Undang-undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2004 tentang Kejaksaan memiliki wewenang untuk melakukan penuntutan dan juga dapat bertugas sebagai penyidik untuk perkara tertentu sesuai dengan peraturan perundangan. Dalam penanganan perkara terdakwa tindak pidana korupsi, kejaksaan memiliki wewenang untuk melakukan penyidikan. Dalam pelaksanaannya tim TP4D banyak kemungkinan akan dihadapkan situasi rawan Penyimpangan- penyimpangan dan indikasi terjadinya tindak pidana korupsi terhadap proyek Pembagunan yang sedang dikawal, untuk menghindari hal tersebut sehingga Tim TP4D diharapkan mampu bekerja secara profesional. Selain itu, pembentukan TP4D, juga diharapkan dapat memaksimalkan daya serap anggaran Pembangunan kurang dikarenakan Pemerintah ketakutan untuk melaksanakan pembangunan, sehingga dengan adanya Tim TP4D pemerintah tidak ragu untuk melaksanakan pembangunan.    Kata Kunci: TP4D, Pembangunan dan Tindak Pidana Korupsi   AbstractThis research was motivated by the Attorney General of the Republic of Indonesia which has formed a new organizational structure, namely Tim Pengawal dan Pengamanan Pemerintahan dan Pembangunan, also known as (TP4). These TP4s are located in the center (Attorney General's Office) and in each region (High Prosecutor's Office and Public Prosecutor's Office). The birth of TP4 was originally to increase the role of the Prosecutor in the civil and state administration (DATUN) but ultimately was in the field of Intelligence. In addition, the formation of TP4 was one of the attorneys' responses to the Presidential Instruction No. 7 of 2015 concerning the Action on the Prevention and Eradication of Corruption in 2015. The formation of the TP4 team aims to guard and supervise development in the region and support the success of government and development through preventive and persuasive prevention efforts. Prosecutors in accordance with the provisions of Law Number 16 of 2004 concerning the Prosecutor's Office have the authority to prosecute and can also serve as investigators for certain cases in accordance with laws and regulations. In handling cases of accused of corruption, the prosecutor's office has the authority to carry out investigations. In its implementation, the TP4D team is likely to be faced with situations prone to irregularities and indications of corruption in the development project being escorted, to avoid this so that the TP4D Team is expected to be able to work professionally. In addition, the formation of TP4D was also expected to maximize the absorption capacity of the development budget due to the Government's fear of implementing development, so that with the presence of the TP4D Team the government did not hesitate to carry out development.Keywords: TP4D, Development and Corruption Crime

Sensemaking Through Metaphors: The Role of Imaginative Metaphor Elicitation in Constructing New Understandings

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 160940692110195
Author(s):  
Luciara Nardon ◽  
Amrita Hari
Keyword(s):  
International Students ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Difficult Situation ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Rich Data ◽  
Depth Interviews

Drawing on in-depth interviews with exchange and international students during the COVID-19 pandemic, we elaborate on the role of Imaginative Metaphor Elicitation (IME) to generate knowledge about participants’ experiences while helping them make sense of and cope with a difficult situation. Imaginative metaphors allow participants to explore feelings, assumptions, and behaviors in non-threatening ways and facilitate introspection and self-awareness. We propose that imaginative metaphors help participants make their experience tangible and accessible, identify problematic assumptions, behaviors, as well as resources available to them. Some reported gaining a renewed sense of empowerment. Simultaneously, IME provides an opportunity to collect rich data while co-creating solutions for and with participants. We contribute to calls for embedding social impact in the research design by highlighting the value of IME in gaining deeper access to participants’ experiences while supporting them in taking an active role in their situations.

scholarly journals ROLE OF SOCIAL MEDIA IN THE GOVERNMENT COMMUNICATION

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 304
Author(s):  
Liga Mirlina
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Communication Tool ◽  
Policy Documents ◽  
The Public ◽  
Government Communication ◽  
State Administration ◽  
The Government ◽  
Communication Habits

Nowadays the role of social media as a communication tool is increasing. Information technologies and communication habits of society changes also the way and the form how to create communication between the government and the society in Latvia. The aim of this research study is to evaluate the role of social media in Latvian government communication by analysing the use of the social media and interaction with the public. The formation of relations between government institutions and the society is defined in different policy documents of the Latvian government. Such research methods as document analysis, content analysis and comparative analysis to measure Latvian government profiles and followers’ involvement were employed to determine how social media use contributes to co-operation between the government and the public and effective exchange of information and coordination. The ways of communication in state administration performance have been changed. It is possible to mark two important changes – firstly, the government communication goal is not just to increase public awareness, but also interaction and involvement of the public in state administration, and secondly, development of information technology and public communication habits expands and makes varied methods and forms of government communication. Different Latvian government policy documents increase the role of communication in state administration, but the communication which is implemented by Latvian state institutions is unable to overcome public distancing and the lack of interest in the state administration.

scholarly journals Transformation of Villas to Mosques Social Impact of Islamization On The Government Center of Java In The Late 20th Century

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Muh Saerozi
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Social Research ◽  
Causality Analysis ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Central Java ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Government Center

Islamization of Java becomes an actual topic of religious social research because the phenomena not only relate to religious discourse but also other aspects. This research focuses on the Islamization of the government center of Salatiga Central Java. The aims of this study are: to find the academic answer to why Islamization occurred in the government center of Salatiga in Central Java, to find out the Islamization process underway, to describe the dominant factors affecting Islamization, and to describe the impact of Islamization on religious life around the central government. The benefit of this research is to contribute the theories of Islamization of Government center of Java in the late of 20th century. This study is a descriptive research and causality analysis.  The events were limited to those of 1985 to 2018. The data were sourced from the archives, inscription, news, interviews, and literature. The results of the study found that the Islamization of the Salatiga government center was carried out because the infrastructure was still European patterned. The actualization of Muslim religiosity was not well supported by this infrastructure. The symbol of Islamization is the transformation of the villa on the west of the city square into a mosque. The Islamization was successful because of the symbiotic factors between political parties, rulers, scholars, Islamic universities, and religious organizations. There was no significant impact yet on the improvement of spiritual and social lives around the government center. This study enriches theories about the symbiotic relations of religions, politics, and social changes in Java in the late 20th century.

scholarly journals The New Role of Ulama in Nigeria: Focus on the Post 1999 Democratic Dispensation

2014 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 391
Author(s):  
Mukhtar Umar Bunza
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Northern Nigeria ◽  
British Imperialism ◽  
The Government ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Muslim Scholars

Nigeria is a country with a centuries’ long tradition of Islamic revivalism and activism. It was the impact of the activities of the 17th century scholars of Nigeria that culminated in the success of the 19th century tajdeed movement that brought about the emergence of the muslim caliphate of Sokoto. British imperialism brought an end to the caliphate in the beginning of the 20th century, the circumstances of which have been consistently challenged mainly by the ulama and their followers ever since. Some contemporary scholars such as Shaikh Abubakar Mahmud Gummi, former Grand Qadi of Northern Nigeria, contributed significantly in the new dimension to the roles of muslim scholars in the government. Since 1999 muslim scholars have taken on new roles in the administration of states, serving as commissioners for newly established ministries for Religious Affairs, as special advisers, or directors of commissions like Hisbah, Hajj, Masjid, Moon Sighting, and other related government bodies, with full salaries and other benefits unlike ever before in the Nigerian system. This new role of ulama and its impacts in the governance of the contemporary Nigeria is what this paper intends to investigate and expound.[Nigeria merupakan sebuah negara dengan tradisi revivalisme dan aktivisme Islam selama berabad-abad. Hal itu terkait dengan upaya para ulama Nigeria abad ke-17 yang berpuncak pada keberhasilan gerakan tajdid pada abad 19 dengan munculnya kekhalifahan muslim dari Sokoto. Imperialisme Inggris mengakhiri kekhalifahan ini pada awal abad ke-20, yang terus dilawan oleh terutama para ulama secara konsisten. Beberapa ulama kontemporer seperti Syaikh Abubakar Mahmud Gummi, mantan Grand Qadi Nigeria Utara, memberikan kontribusi signifikan dalam membentuk dimensi baru peran ulama dalam pemerintahan Nigeria modern. Sejak tahun 1999 para ulama telah mengambil peran baru dalam pemerintahan, sebagai pegawai Kementerian Agama yang baru didirikan, sebagai penasihat ahli, atau direktur komisi seperti Hisbah, Haji, Masjid, Rukyah Hilal, dan badan-badan pemerintah terkait lainnya, dengan gaji penuh. Peran baru dari ulama dan pengaruhnya dalam pemerintahan Nigeria kontemporer inilah yang menjadi fokus tulisan ini.]

scholarly journals Propositions for the Development of the Public Grievances Commission (A Korean Style Ombudsman)

1995 ◽  
Vol 10 (0) ◽  
pp. 155-172
Author(s):  
Kwang-Il Kim
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
National Assembly ◽  
Relative Ease ◽  
The Public ◽  
Basic Law ◽  
The People ◽  
The Government ◽  
Regular Session

The ombusdsman originated in Sweden as a substitution for the Parliament practiced a role of superintending the administration in its beginning, but now the office operates both as a commissioner of the people and the arbiter between the government and individual and also as an institution aims at the realization of efficient redress and justice. The office is expected to practice a function of disposition of the complaints on the principle of equity with relative ease and promptitude. After the ombudsman had originated in Sweden in 1809 as a Parliamentary commissioner Finland adopted the office in 1920, but the interests in the office became widespread only after the mid-20th century and at present about 50 countries have introduced the institution. In case of our country the Public Grievances Commission thereafter described as PGC), Korean style ombudsman, was inaugurated in 4 April 1994 under the provision of the "Basic Law about Administrative Regulations and Civil Affairs Administration (hereafter described as the "Basic Law.") that has passed in a regular session of the National Assembly of 1993.

scholarly journals The role of commercial banks in sustainable finance

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-84
Author(s):  
Gennadiy BORTNIKOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
State Level ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
International Programs ◽  
Sustainable Finance ◽  
The Government ◽  
National Programs ◽  
Sustainable Financing

The market for financial instruments for sustainable finance has enormous growth potential. So far, Ukrainian banks adhere to a passive strategy in sustainable financing, which, in contrast to the active strategy, assigns banks the role of an agent in the implementation of national or international programs. Moreover, ‘green’ financing at the state level is seen as synonymous with sustainable finance. Lending to energy efficiency projects for businesses and households dominates among all areas of sustainable financing. Banks with local capital and especially state-owned banks are losing access to wholesale borrowing markets. The dependence of many Ukrainian banks on the target funds of international lenders for the development of sustainable financing weakens national financial security in the absence of large-scale national programs. It is expedient at the level of the Government of Ukraine to develop a program to intensify sustainable financing, with an emphasis on green and social impact and implementation through state banks. Sustainable financing should not exacerbate structural imbalances due to the curtailment of lending to sectors that have accumulated problems with adherence to environmental standards, social norms and corporate governance. The National Bank as a regulator and supervisor is able to act as a catalyst for the development of sustainable finance in Ukraine, with adoption of relevant standards harmonised with EU taxonomy.

20th Century Genocides

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Payaslian
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
East Timor ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Genocide Studies ◽  
Significant Step ◽  
Heated Debate ◽  
Subject Areas ◽  
The Government

The scholarship on genocide has grown exponentially since the 1970s. The two general objectives of genocide studies have been to develop more systematic explanations of causes of genocide and a deeper understanding of consequences than previously available in the literature. Genocides in the 20th century are estimated to have cost more than forty million lives. The term genocide was coined by Raphael Lemkin (b. 1900–d. 1959), a Polish-Jewish legal scholar, who, in reaction to the atrocities taking place during World War II, advocated the creation of an international legal instrument to prevent genocide. His efforts led to the UN Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (9 December 1948). The convention is legally binding under international law but has become the subject of much heated debate, mostly regarding contending definitions of “genocide.” A consensus has formed among scholars that genocides in the 20th century encompassed (although were not limited to) the following cases: Herero in 1904–1907, the Armenian genocide in the Ottoman Empire in 1915–1923, the Holodomor in the former Soviet Ukraine in 1932–1933, the Jewish Holocaust in 1938–1945, Bangladesh in 1971, Cambodia in 1975–1979, East Timor in 1975–1999, Bosnia in 1991–1995, and Rwanda in 1994. The diversity of subject areas, theories, and methodologies in genocide studies notwithstanding, most work is primarily concerned with the role of the perpetrator state; the nature of leadership; the ability of the leaders to transform ordinary men into murderers and bureaucracies into instruments of murder; and, finally, how to prevent future genocides. Although a small number of scholarly works have also paid attention to followers and bystanders, this area requires more research, as does genocide prevention. Regardless of the paucity of scholarly literature on genocide prevention, the European Union, in cooperation with the government of Hungary, took the significant step of establishing, in 2011, the Budapest Centre for the International Prevention of Genocide and Mass Atrocities.

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