PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY OF WINTER WHEAT VARIETIES IN THE EASTERN PART OF THE ROSTOV REGION

Productivity of winter barley varieties is a main characteristic for their wide introduction into agricultural production. Yields and quality of grain are usually formed under influence of a complex set of conditions. Grain productivity depends on such factors as cultivation technology, hydrothermal regime, tolerance to unfavourable weather conditions. Plant moisture supply is the main factor for obtaining high yields of winter barley in the eastern part of the Rostov region. The study was conducted in the years of 2014-2016, which were characterized with different moisture supply. There were studied the varieties ‘Master’, ‘Tigr’, ‘Timofey’ and ‘Erema’ developed by the FSBSI ARC “Donskoy”. On average three varieties ‘Master’ (4.26 t/ha), ‘Timofey’ (4.18 t/ha) and ‘Erema’ 4.37 t/ha) gave the largest yields for three-year period of study. On average for three-year period of study the greatest quantity of protein was found in the variety ‘Tugr’ (11.7%), the greatest amount of starch was found in the variety ‘Timofey’ (59.2%).

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The effect of cultivation technologies on grain and pasta quality of the winter durum wheat varieties

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202127301026 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 273 ◽

pp. 01026

Author(s):

Valentina Likhovidova ◽

Nina Kravchenko

Keyword(s):

Durum Wheat ◽

Quality Indicators ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Field Trials ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Mean Values ◽

Protein Percentage ◽

Gluten Content ◽

Cultivation Technology

The current paper has considered the effect of cultivation technologies of winter durum wheat varieties on their quality indicators through the years with varied weather conditions. The study was carried out in 2015-2019, in the conditions of laboratory and field trials. There have been studied such traits as nature weight, kernel hardness, protein percentage and gluten content of three zoned winter durum wheat varieties sown in weedfree fallow. There has been identified a proportion of the factors’ effect on quality indicators. In the curent study there was a range of mean values according to a variety, a year, a cultivation technology. Through the years of study, all variants of technologies contributed to larger grain nature weight, from 768 g/l in the variety ‘Donchanka’ to 792 g/l in the variety ‘Oniks’. The largest nature weight in the trials was established when using an intensive cultivation technology. Through different years of study, the highest protein percentage in grain was identified in 2016, it was 13.57-17.08%. Through three years, the largest gluten content in grain (30.06%) was identified in the variety ‘Oniks’ when using an intensive cultivation technology. The general assessment of pasta was 4-4.5 points.

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Varieties of sweet potato and features of their cultivation technology

Kartofel` i ovoshi ◽

10.25630/pav.2020.65.67.004 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 18-20

Author(s):

Т.Э. Остонакулов ◽

А.А. Шамсиев

Keyword(s):

Sweet Potato ◽

Sweet Potatoes ◽

Marketable Yield ◽

Early Maturity ◽

Potato Varieties ◽

Cultivation Technology ◽

High Yields ◽

Sprout Formation ◽

Yield Formation

В 2017–2019 годах изучены сортообразцы сладкого картофеля на староорошаемых лугово-сероземных почвах Зарафшанской долины. Цель исследований – комплексная оценка сортообразцов батата в условиях Зарафшанской долины по скороспелости, росту, развитию, интенсивному размножению, формированию урожая, компактности клубней в гнезде, продуктивности, урожайности и лежкости клубней и выделение из них перспективных, а также разработка приемов агротехнологии получения высоких урожаев для данных условий. Почвы опытного участка характеризуются благоприятными агрофизическими и водными свойствами и низким содержанием гумуса, нитратного азота, подвижного фосфора и содержанием обменного калия от низкого до среднего. Сравнивали 18 сортообразцов батата. Выделенные сортообразцы изучали при ширине междурядий 70 и 90 см со схемой 70×25 и 90×20 см по 1, 2 и 3 растения в гнезде. Для получения рассады сортообразцов батата брали по 40 клубней и высаживали 20–22 февраля в пленочной теплице при температуре 15–18 °C, заделывая их на глубину 3–5 см. Влажность почвы поддерживали на уровне 65–70%. Через 7–10 дней после высадки почки начинают прорастать, а через 43–48 дней формируется рассада высотой 12–15 см, готовая для высадки в поле. Высадка рассады, как и других рассадных культур (томата, перца, баклажана) – по схеме 70×20–25 см во второй-третьей декаде апреля. Уход включал в себя междурядную обработку (культивация), прополку, борьбу с сорняками, подкормку, поливы. Уборка урожая – в конце сентября-начале октября с помощью картофелекопателя. В результате исследований выделились сорта по скороспелости, дружности формирования ростков, ускоренному размножению, продуктивности, компактности клубней в гнезде и с высоким товарным урожаем – Сочакинур, Хар-Бей и Япон. Возделывание этих сортообразцов по схеме 70×25 и 90×20 см способствует получению товарного урожая высокого качества не менее 43–48 т/га. In 2017–2019, studies were conducted on the study of varieties of sweet potatoes on old-irrigated meadow-gray-earth soils of the Zarafshan valley. The purpose of the research is a comprehensive assessment of sweet potato varieties in the conditions of the Zarafshan valley in terms of early maturity, growth, development, intensive reproduction, yield formation, compactness of tubers in the nest, productivity, yield and keeping quality of tubers and the selection of promising ones, as well as the development of methods of agricultural technology for obtaining high yields for given conditions. The soil is characterized by favorable agrophysical and water properties and low content of humus, nitrate nitrogen, mobile phosphorus and a low-average content of exchange potassium. Eighteen sweet potato varieties were compared. The selected variety samples were studied with a row spacing of 70 and 90 cm with a scheme of 70×25 and 90×20 cm for 1, 2 and 3 seedlings in the nest. To obtain seedlings of sweet potato varieties, 40 tubers were taken and planted on February 20–22 in a film greenhouse at a temperature of 15–18 °C, seeding to a depth of 3–5 cm, the soil moisture was maintained at 65–70%. 7–10 days after planting, the buds began to germinate, and after 43–48 days, seedlings were formed with a height of 12–15 cm, which is ready for planting in the field. Planting seedlings in the field is carried out, as well as other seedlings (tomato, pepper, eggplant) according to the scheme 70x20–25 cm in the second or third decade of April. Growing includes inter-row processing (cultivation), weeding, weed control, top dressing, watering. Harvesting in late September, early October with a potato digger. As a result of the research, varieties were identified in terms of early maturity, sprout formation, accelerated reproduction, productivity, compactness of tubers in the nest and ensuring a high marketable yield – Sochakinur, Xar-Bey, and Japon. The cultivation of these varieties according to the scheme 70×25 and 90×20 cm contributes to the production of a commodity crop at 43–48 t/ha with good qualities.

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Improvement of Pork Quality at Different Values of Pig Productivity

KnE Life Sciences ◽

10.18502/kls.v0i0.8925 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Alexey Emelyanov ◽

Elena Levkovskaya ◽

Vyacheslav Karatunov ◽

Nikita Danilenko ◽

Dmitry Ovchinnikov

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Value ◽

Fat Tissue ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

Raw Meat ◽

The Third ◽

Rostov Region ◽

Good Ability ◽

Cultivation Technology ◽

Meat Productivity

This article examines how to increase pork meat productivity and quality indicators through the use of crossbreeding. The aim is to increase the meat productivity of animals; reduce losses during production and processing; and improve the criteria for assessing the quality of meat and the organization of its rational use. The purpose of our research is to study the productive quality of the steppe type of pigs, used in the Rostov region in breeding and crossing systems, and the complex of biological and internal indicators in connection with the defects in the quality of pork. Four groups with 16 animals in each were formed: the first group – with the intensive cultivation technology, included pigs of the DM-1 breed, the second – SM-1, the third – the SM-1 × DM-1 crossbreed, the fourth – the DM-1 × SM-1 crossbreed. Analysis of the raw meat showed that the pork had a good ability to emulsify and gel, and had a high nutritional value. The toxicity index in the muscle and fat tissue samples corresponded to the first permissible toxicity group. The study shows the advantages of crossbred individuals over purebred ones, which can be explained by the consequences of heterosis. According to the research results, the use of pig breeding in the industrial production of pork can be recommended in order to improve feedstock and meat productivity, biological and interior indicators, as well as the quality of raw meat. Keywords: pork, crossbreeding, meat productivity, meat quality, steppe type of pigs, interior indicators, fattening qualities, biological and nutritional value of pork

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ESTIMATION OF THE VARIETIES WITH DIFFERENT ECOLOGICAL ORIGIN ACCORDING TO THEIR MAIN TRAITS AND PROPERTIES

Grain Economy of Russia ◽

10.31367/2079-8725-2019-62-2-52-57 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 52-57 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. S. Kameneva ◽

N. E. Samofalova ◽

N. P. Ilichkina ◽

T. S. Makarova ◽

О. А. Dubinina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Durum Wheat ◽

Main Part ◽

Frost Tolerance ◽

Standard Variety ◽

Lodging Resistance ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Environmental Test ◽

High Yields ◽

1000 Grain Weight

The article presents the results of productivity and grain quality of 47 winter durum wheat varieties of various ecological origin studied in 2016–2018. All studied samples belong to semi-dwarf and dwarf forms (height of 61–105 cm). Semi-dwarf forms possessed high lodging resistance (3.9 points). The grain harvest of the main part (89.3%) of the samples ranged from 8.41 to 9.65 t/ha in the environmental test. Only three varieties (“Lazurit”, “Agat Donskoy”, “Andromeda”) in the winter durum wheat trial are characterized with high yields ranging from 9.65–10.0 t/ha. The yield of the standard variety of “Khristella” was 9.03 t / ha on average in 2016- 2018. The varieties “Kondor” (116.8%), “Zolotko” (123.0%), “Afina” (126.9%) showed high frost tolerance of the plants through the years of research, in comparison with the standard variety “Donchanka” (100%). In the ecological test the main part (68%) of winter durum wheat varieties possessed large grain. “1000-grain weight” was more than 40 g: “Amazon” (42.9 g), “Lazurit” (47.7 g), “Diona” (42.1 g), “Alyi Parus” (43.7 g), “Dnepryana” (45.4 g), “Krupinka” (46.9 g), etc. The studied samples had high percentage of protein (13.6–15.1%), gluten (22.8–27.0%), SDS-sedimentation (30–45 ml), carotenoids (468–779 μg/%), nature weight (777.0–819.0 g/l), kernel hardness (85–98%). The technical and culinary qualities of the pasta made from the main part of the samples were evaluated as excellent (the varieties “Donchanka”, “Oniks”, “Kiprida”, “Atoll”, “Kermen”, “Winter Gold”, etc.) and as good (the varieties “Teya”, “Eirena”, “Lazurit”, “Diona”, “Alyi Parus”, “Krupinka”, “Afina”, etc.).

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RESPONSIBILITY OF SPRING WHEAT VARIETIES FOR THE PROCESSING OF DRUGS OF THE “B-PLUS” PRK LINE "WHITE PEARLS"

Chronos Journal ◽

10.31618/2658-7556-2019-39-12-1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

E.A. Gordeeva ◽

N.A. Shestakova ◽

R.G. Sakan

Keyword(s):

Soft Wheat ◽

Careful Study ◽

Agricultural Practice ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Spring Soft Wheat ◽

Cultivation Technology ◽

Mineral Mixtures ◽

Detailed Application

The practice of manufacturers using substances that stimulate the growth and development of plants, increase their resistance to external influences, and as a result increase the yield and quality of grain, has become a common practice in field cultivation technology. A wide variety of their production requires careful study and detailed application in agricultural practice. In the process of studying the variety of spring soft wheat after treatment with the studied organo-mineral mixtures (OMM) of the B-plus line, PRK «White Pearl» increases the vegetative mass and productivity, and improves the technological qualities of grain. The article presents data on the processing of seeds and plants of ОMM on the formation of the yield of varieties of spring soft wheat Astana and Karaganda 30. Studies have shown that the varietal reaction of soft wheat showed different responsiveness to treatment with drugs. Thus, grain yield was obtained from the use of the B-plus line of PRK «White Pearl» - Astana varieties 27.87 c/ ha, Karaganda varieties 30 - 32.16 c / ha (increase + 6.3; 8.75 c / ha in comparison with the control) with an increase in the amount of gluten by 0.1-2.2% and its quality.

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QUALITY INDICATORS OF WINTER SOFT WHEAT VARIETIES IN ECOLOGICAL VARIETY TRIALS

TAURIDA HERALD OF THE AGRARIAN SCIENCES ◽

10.33952/2542-0720-2020-4-24-143-151 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (24) ◽

pp. 143-151

Author(s):

S.V. Podgorny ◽

◽

O.V. Skripka ◽

A.P. Samofalov ◽

S.N. Gromova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Quality Indicators ◽

Grain Quality ◽

Soft Wheat ◽

Seeding Rate ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Variety Trials ◽

Rostov Region ◽

Gluten Content

Improving the quality of wheat grain is an important task of agricultural production. In recent years, the production of strong and valuable wheat, necessary for the production of high-quality baking flour, has decreased. In this regard, the study of the quality of grain varieties of winter wheat in specific soil and climatic conditions of the Rostov region is becoming topical. Therefore, the purpose of our research was to study the main indicators of grain quality of varieties of soft winter wheat (protein and gluten content, flour strength, bread size from 100 g of flour) in ecological variety trials to select the best under conditions of the Rostov region. The studies were carried out on the trial fields of the Laboratory of selection and seed production of winter soft wheat of intensive type of the State Scientific Establishment “Agricultural research center «Donskoy»” (Rostov region) in 2014–2016. Seventy-five varieties were studied in the course of the research. Planting dates – optimal for implementation of agricultural and agro-technical measures. Planter – «Wintersteiger Plotseed S.» Seed placement depth – 4–6 cm. Preceding crop – black fallow. Accounting square of fields – 10 m2, double replication. Seeding rate – 4.5 million seeds per hectare. Grain quality was assessed according to the methods of the national standards of the Russian Federation. Such grain quality indicators as gluten content (according to GOST R 54478-2011), protein mass fraction (as required by GOST 108460-91), baking properties of flour (in a laboratory using the remix method) were determined. The article discusses the main indicators of the quality of grain and flour of winter soft wheat varieties in ecological variety testing and compares them. Analysis of the main indicators of the quality of varieties in trials showed that in the south of the Rostov region in 2014–2016 flour strength and gluten content were the most variable indicators. In terms of protein content (> 14.5 %), 8.0 % of the studied varieties were in full compliance with strong wheat standards; by the gluten content (> 28 %) – 7.0 %; by the flour strength (>280 e.a.) – 9.0 %. Five varieties of winter soft wheat: ‘Aksinya’, ‘Tanais’, ‘Asket’, ‘Nakhodka’, ‘Yumpa’ (Russia) with a complex of economically valuable traits are of greater interest for practical breeding in terms of improving grain quality.

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Grain quality of the winter bread wheat varieties and lines in the Rostov region

Grain Economy of Russia ◽

10.31367/2079-8725-2020-72-6-101-107 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 101-107

Author(s):

N. S. Kravchenko ◽

O. A. Nekrasova ◽

N. G. Ignatieva ◽

I. M. Oldyreva ◽

Yu. N. Alty-Sadykh

Keyword(s):

Bread Wheat ◽

Grain Quality ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Rostov Region ◽

Winter Bread Wheat ◽

Growing Conditions ◽

The Stability ◽

Variety Testing

Grain quality of winter bread wheat is an urgent issue in Russia and in the world. The traits and properties of grain that characterize the quality are formed in the field under the effect of weather and climatic conditions. The current study was carried out in 2017–2019. The objects of the study were 12 varieties and 3 promising lines of winter bread wheat of the Competitive Variety Testing. The variety ‘Ermak’ was used as a standard variety. The purpose of the study was to carry out a comparative estimation of grain quality of the varieties and promising lines of winter bread wheat, to identify the variation of traits over the years and to determine the effect of growing conditions on the formation of grain quality. There has been established that the studied varieties and lines formed nature weight from 799 g/l (the variety ‘Aksiniya’) to 830 g/l (‘Yubiley Dona’) and corresponded to the 1-st quality class. There have been identified the varieties ‘Etyud’ (62%; Cv = 6.6%), ‘Ermak’ (62%; Cv = 7.0%) and the line ‘1005/14’ (68%; Cv = 8.1%) with a combination of high values of the general hardness and insignificant variation of the trait over the years. There has been determined that the variety ‘Nakhodka’ (14.11%; Cv = 3.6%) and the line ‘1261/13’ (14.10%; Cv = 6.1%) were characterized by the maximum protein percentage and low values of the coefficient of variation. There has been established that the varieties ‘Aksiniya’ (4.5 points; 7.9%) and ‘Tanais’ (4.0 points; 2.5%) combined a high baking value with the stability of the trait. When estimating the effect of the factors “genotype”, “year of study” and their correlation on the characteristics of grain quality, there has been found that general hardness (52.59%), mass fraction of grain protein (58.31%), dough deformation (57, 78%), valorimetric value (46.01%), volume of bread (41.77%) and general baking assessment (51.24%) were largely dependent on genotype. The growing conditions had an effect on the formation of the quantity and quality of gluten and the P/l ratio.

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Adaptive potential of the new winter durum wheat varieties and lines in the conditions of the Rostov region

Grain Economy of Russia ◽

10.31367/2079-8725-2021-75-3-27-33 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 27-33

Author(s):

Т. S. Bezuglaya ◽

N. E. Samofalova ◽

N. P. Ilichkina ◽

О. А. Dubinina ◽

A. S. Kameneva

Keyword(s):

Durum Wheat ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Anthropogenic Factors ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Mean Values ◽

Breeding Lines ◽

Rostov Region ◽

New Varieties

Currently, with the growth of scientific and technological progress, the issue of the effect of negative anthropogenic factors on the environment is of great urgency. Due to it there is a necessity to develop the most adaptive agricultural varieties, which is the basis of environmentally friendly agriculture. The current study was carried out on the basis of the FSBSI Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”, located in the southern part of the Rostov region in 2018–2020. The objects of research were 8 varieties sent to the State Variety Testing in 2017–2020 and 5 promising breeding lines of the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy”. The weather conditions during the years of the study were contrasting, with the most favorable ones in 2018, when there was obtained a record yield of winter durum wheat from 11.25 to 14.04 t/ha. Differences in the yields of the winter durum wheat varieties over the years were characterized by the variation range from 31.9 to 52.4%. There has been identified insignificant deviations in the yields of the variety ‘Solntsedar’ (+3 – -1.9 t/ha) and the variety ‘Zoloto Dona’ (+3.2 – -2.3 t/ha). The greatest deviations from the average yield were established in the varieties ‘Khrizolit’ (+4.5 – -3.6 t/ha), ‘Almaz Dona’ (+4.3 – -2.9 t/ha) and the line ‘721/15’ (+4.8 – -3.3 t/ha). Due to the assessment according to the adaptability parameters, there have been identified 3 groups of varieties. They are the adaptable varieties ‘Lakomka’, ‘Ellada’, ‘Khrizolit’, which will produce maximum yields under cultivation in the areas with favorable agro-climatic conditions at high agro-backgrounds; the weakly responsive varieties ‘Zoloto Dona’ and ‘Solntsedar’, for cultivation on a low agricultural background, which maintain stable yields with the mean values of 6.88–7.04 t/ha), they react poorly to external conditions, i.e. better adapted to bad and worst environments. The varieties ‘Kristella’, ‘Uslada’, ‘Dinas’, ‘Almaz Dona’ are suitable for cultivation on a medium agricultural background, because they are adaptable varieties with bi = 0.97–1.00. However, the variety ‘Almaz Dona’ turned to be unstable in terms of yields. The promising lines that participated in the analysis with different ecological characteristics will be further involved in breeding programs to increase the adaptability of new varieties. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the new varieties and promising lines according to productivity, homeostaticity, adaptability; to identify ecologically adaptable varieties and lines and to give recommendations for further use.

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Ecological trial of the winter wheat varieties of the ARC “Donskoy” in the area of dark chestnut soils of the Volgograd region

Grain Economy of Russia ◽

10.31367/2079-8725-2021-78-6-88-94 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 88-94

Author(s):

V. L. Sapunkov ◽

A. V. Solonkin ◽

A. V. Guzenko

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Vegetation Period ◽

Field Trials ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Chestnut Soils ◽

Volgograd Region ◽

Moisture Supply ◽

Favorable Weather ◽

Winter Wheat Varieties

The current paper has presented the trial results of the winter wheat varieties developed by the ARC “Donskoy” in 2018 -2020. Currently, the farmers have bred a lot of different wheat varieties, but they are not able to take into account all the peculiarities of their cultivation. The purpose of the current work was to study the features of the autumn and spring-summer vegetation periods of the winter wheat varieties developed by the ARC “Donskoy” in the area of dark chestnut soils of the Volgograd region. There have been selected 10 winter wheat varieties for the trials. The field trial was laid down on dark chestnut soils of the lands of the Serafimovichsky district in the Volgograd region. The study was carried out according to the generally accepted B.A. Dospekhov’s methodology. The field trials showed that the germination of winter wheat was influenced by a seeding depth, which was 7-9 cm. The best germination was found among the varieties ‘Asket’, ‘Etyud’, ‘Lilit’, ‘Donskaya Step’ and ‘Zhavoronok’. During the trials, the formation of a productive stand was greatly influenced by the weather (the length of a spring tillering period, precipitation in May), as well as the traits of the variety. The winter wheat varieties ‘Etyud’, ‘Shef’, ‘Donskaya Step’, ‘Krasa Dona’ were able to form a large number of productive stems under favorable weather conditions. Under insufficient moisture supply, the largest number of productive stems was formed by the varieties ‘Lidiya’ and ‘Lilit’. The highest tillering intensity during an autumn vegetation period was shown by the variety ‘Lidiya’ (4.7–6.2 shoots), including the varieties ‘Zhavoronok’ (4.2–5.4 shoots) and ‘Etyud’ (4.0–5.3 shoots). The largest productivity was produced by the varieties ‘Donskaya Step’ (4.97 t/ha), ‘Zhavoronok’ (4.95 t/ha), ‘Krasa Dona’ (4.90 t/ha) over three years.

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