scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF WATER AND TEMPERATURE STRESSES ON GERMINATING ABILITY OF WINTER DURUM WHEAT SEEDS YIELDED IN THE YEARS WITH VARIOUS WEATHER CONDITIONS

2019 ◽  
pp. 34-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. Likhovidova ◽  
A. S. Kazakova ◽  
N. E. Samofalova
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Critical Concentration ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Thermal Testing ◽  
Standard Variety ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Wheat Seeds

The study was conducted in 2016–2018. The objects were three commercial varieties developed by the FSBSI “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”, one of which was the standard variety “Donchanka” in the SVT system in the Rostov Region. The purpose of the research was to comprehensively estimate winter durum wheat seeds yielded in the years with various weather conditions due to their resistance to moisture deficit and heat. According to the results of laboratory study, the current paper has presented indicators of relative drought tolerance and heat resistance. The germinating ability of the studied varieties of winter durum wheat “Lazurit” and “Oniks” was better than that of the standard variety “Donchanka” in all concentrations of the solution. Using an osmotic solution with a concentration of 12 and 14 atm all varieties possessed great germinating ability and belonged to the first resistance group. At a critical concentration of osmotic pressure (16 atm), the number of germinated seeds ranged from 69.4% (“Lazurit”) to 63% (“Donchanka”). It has been established that the seeds of the studied winter durum wheat varieties were characterized by little germinating ability under an increasing water stress, while the seeds of different years of reproduction had a different response to water stress. It has been identified that the seeds of the studied varieties significantly varied in their germinating ability after heating. The variety “Oniks” was the most resistant to temperature stress with a germination rate of 86.7% (1-st resistance group) that is on 14% higher than the control variety “Donchanka”. The variety “Lazurit” with a germination rate of 80.2% also belonged to the first resistance group and exceeded the control variety by only 8%. According to the degree of depression in the accumulation of dry sprouts mass under the high temperature impact (thermal testing at +54 °С), the variety “Oniks” was the best with the depression degree of 8.2%. In 2016 the variety “Lazurit” was the most stable, in 2017 and 2018 it was the variety “Oniks”.

scholarly journals Early heat waves over Italy and their impacts on durum wheat yields

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 1631-1637 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Fontana ◽  
A. Toreti ◽  
A. Ceglar ◽  
G. De Sanctis
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Wheat Production ◽  
Arable Crop ◽  
Production Areas ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Concurrent Events

Abstract. In the last decades the Euro-Mediterranean region has experienced an increase in extreme temperature events such as heat waves. These extreme weather conditions can strongly affect arable crop growth and final yields. Here, early heat waves over Italy from 1995 to 2013 are identified and characterised and their impact on durum wheat yields is investigated. As expected, results confirm the impact of the 2003 heat wave and highlight a high percentage of concurrence of early heat waves and significant negative yield anomalies in 13 out of 39 durum wheat production areas. In south-eastern Italy (the most important area for durum wheat production), the percentage of concurrent events exceeds 80 %.

scholarly journals Early heat waves over Italy and their impacts on durum wheat yields

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 2953-2973 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Fontana ◽  
A. Toreti ◽  
A. Ceglar ◽  
G. De Sanctis
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Wheat Production ◽  
Arable Crop ◽  
Production Areas ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Concurrent Events

Abstract. In the last decades the Euro-Mediterranean region has experienced an increase in extreme temperature events such as heat waves. These extreme weather conditions can strongly affect arable crop growth and final yields. Here, early heat waves over Italy from 1995 to 2013 are identified and characterised and their impact on durum wheat yields is investigated. As expected, results confirm the impact of the 2003 heat waves and highlight a high percentage of concurrence of early heat waves and significant negative yield anomalies in 13 out of 39 durum wheat production areas. In south-eastern Italy (the most important area for durum wheat production), the percentage of concurrent events exceeds 80%.

scholarly journals Adaptive potential of the new winter durum wheat varieties and lines in the conditions of the Rostov region

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Т. S. Bezuglaya ◽  
N. E. Samofalova ◽  
N. P. Ilichkina ◽  
О. А. Dubinina ◽  
A. S. Kameneva
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
New Varieties

Currently, with the growth of scientific and technological progress, the issue of the effect of negative anthropogenic factors on the environment is of great urgency. Due to it there is a necessity to develop the most adaptive agricultural varieties, which is the basis of environmentally friendly agriculture. The current study was carried out on the basis of the FSBSI Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”, located in the southern part of the Rostov region in 2018–2020. The objects of research were 8 varieties sent to the State Variety Testing in 2017–2020 and 5 promising breeding lines of the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy”. The weather conditions during the years of the study were contrasting, with the most favorable ones in 2018, when there was obtained a record yield of winter durum wheat from 11.25 to 14.04 t/ha. Differences in the yields of the winter durum wheat varieties over the years were characterized by the variation range from 31.9 to 52.4%. There has been identified insignificant deviations in the yields of the variety ‘Solntsedar’ (+3 – -1.9 t/ha) and the variety ‘Zoloto Dona’ (+3.2 – -2.3 t/ha). The greatest deviations from the average yield were established in the varieties ‘Khrizolit’ (+4.5 – -3.6 t/ha), ‘Almaz Dona’ (+4.3 – -2.9 t/ha) and the line ‘721/15’ (+4.8 – -3.3 t/ha). Due to the assessment according to the adaptability parameters, there have been identified 3 groups of varieties. They are the adaptable varieties ‘Lakomka’, ‘Ellada’, ‘Khrizolit’, which will produce maximum yields under cultivation in the areas with favorable agro-climatic conditions at high agro-backgrounds; the weakly responsive varieties ‘Zoloto Dona’ and ‘Solntsedar’, for cultivation on a low agricultural background, which maintain stable yields with the mean values of 6.88–7.04 t/ha), they react poorly to external conditions, i.e. better adapted to bad and worst environments. The varieties ‘Kristella’, ‘Uslada’, ‘Dinas’, ‘Almaz Dona’ are suitable for cultivation on a medium agricultural background, because they are adaptable varieties with bi = 0.97–1.00. However, the variety ‘Almaz Dona’ turned to be unstable in terms of yields. The promising lines that participated in the analysis with different ecological characteristics will be further involved in breeding programs to increase the adaptability of new varieties. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the new varieties and promising lines according to productivity, homeostaticity, adaptability; to identify ecologically adaptable varieties and lines and to give recommendations for further use.

scholarly journals ECONOMIC AND BIOLOGICAL TRAITS OF THE NEW WINTER DURUM WHEAT VARIETIES ‘YAKHONT’ AND ‘YANTARINA’

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (28) ◽  
pp. 92-100
Author(s):  
N.P. Ilichkina ◽  
◽  
N.E. Samofalova ◽  
T.S. Bezuglaya ◽  
O.A. Dubinina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Standard Variety ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
The North

In 2018 and 2020, two winter durum wheat varieties, ‘Yakhont’ and ‘Yantarina’, were included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements for the North Caucasus region. They were developed at the Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” by the intraspecific stepwise hybridization using both varieties and lines created in the ARC “Donskoy” and from the other regions. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the new winter durum wheat varieties ‘Yakhont’ and ‘Yantarina’ according to productivity, resistance to abiotic and biotic stress factors, grain and pasta quality. The study was carried out in 2014–2020 in the ARC “Donskoy” located in the southern part of the Rostov region, which is favorable for winter durum wheat cultivation. The soil of the experimental plot – chernozem ordinary calcareous heavy loamy. The climate of the region is characterized by semi-arid hot summers and moderately mild winters. The sum of positive temperatures is more than 3400°С; Selyaninov hydrothermal coefficient (HTC) – 0.8; average annual air temperature – 9.7°С. The average annual precipitation is 450–600 mm. This paper presents the results of studying varieties according to the traits and properties mentioned above, points to their advantages compared to the standard variety ‘Donchanka’. On average, over seven years of competitive testing, the varieties ‘Yakhont’ and ‘Yantarina’ showed the following: productivity – 8.46 and 8.52 t/ha; 1000-grain weight – 40.8 and 43.5 g; drought tolerance – 4.5 points both; lodging resistance – 4.6 and 4.2 points; leaf rust resistance – 10–20% both. They excided the standard variety ‘Donchanka’ by 1.17 and 1.23 t/ha; 4.0 and 6.7 g; 0.5 points; 1.0 and 0.6 points; 3.0 %; 10%, respectively. The varieties ‘Yakhont’ and ‘Yantarina’ formed higher yields due to the increased number of productive stems per 1 m2 (591 and 542; the standard variety formed 498 productive stems), the productivity per head (1.52 and 1.68 g, the standard variety yielded 1.47 g). According to grain and pasta quality, ‘Yakhont’ and ‘Yantarina’ met not only the requirements of GOST R9353-2016 but also exceeded the standard variety ‘Donchanka’ in vitreousness (by 7.4 and 8.0%), grain nature (by 41 and 46 g/l), gluten content (by 2.0 and 0.70%), falling number (by 4 and 44 seconds), SDS-sedimentation (by 4 and 3 ml).

THE EFFECTS OF TRIACONTANOL AND TRIACONTANOL DERIVATIVES ON GERMINATION AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF LEEDS DURUM WHEAT

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 795-797 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAMES L. CHARLTON ◽  
NORMAN R. HUNTER ◽  
NANCY A. GREEN ◽  
WERNER FRITZ ◽  
BRENDA M. ADDISON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Oxide ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Triticum Durum ◽  
Methylene Chloride ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Tween 20 ◽  
Complex Polymer ◽  
Wheat Seeds

Aqueous solutions of triacontanol, dihydrogen triacontyl phosphate, sodium triacontyl sulfate, sodium triacontanoate and triacontyl acetate were tested over a 10 000-fold concentration range to determine the ability of these compounds to influence the germination rate of Leeds durum wheat seeds (Triticum durum). Water, Tween-20®, octadecanol, dihydrogen octadecyl phosphate, and sodium octadecyl sulfate over the same concentration range were used as control solutions (Tween-20 is a registered tradename for the complex polymer obtained by reaction of ethylene oxide with sorbitol dehydration products). Leeds durum wheat seeds were also treated with methylene chloride solutions of octadecanol and triacontanol and grown in soil and sand. After harvesting, the fresh and dry weights of plants were determined. No enhancement of the rate of germination or growth was found in either of these studies.

scholarly journals Response of Durum Wheat Seedlings to Salinity

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet YILDIRIM ◽  
Ferhat KIZILGECI ◽  
Cuma AKINCI ◽  
Onder ALBAYRAK
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Coleoptile Length ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
The Impact

Salinity is an important source of abiotic stress, limiting crop performance in most arid and semi-arid areas of the world. This research was conducted to determine the effects of salinity on physiological parameters of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) genotypes. The research was conducted in the tissue culture laboratory at the Agriculture Faculty of Dicle University. The study consisted of one durum wheat commercial cultivar, five local cultivars and four advanced genotypes. There were three replications in a split-plot experimental design. Genotypes were germinated in four NaCl concentrations (0, 50, 100, 150 mM) in plastic boxes. There were statistically assured significant differences among the genotypes for all salt concentrations and all observed parameters (coleoptile length, seedling length, root length, seedling fresh weight, root fresh weight, seedling dry weight, root dry weight, germination rate and seedling vigor). There was significant decrease in all examined parameters depending on the increase of salt concentration. The ‘Sorgul’ genotype was most tolerant to salinity, in terms of root length and root dry weight, whereas ‘Altintoprak 98’ was most tolerant as measured by the impact of salinity on coleoptile length, seedling fresh weight, germination rate and seedling vigour. The ‘Beyaziye’ genotype was the most sensitive to salinity-induced stress. The results from this study demonstrated differences among durum wheat genotypes for seedling parameters measured in the presence of salinity stress.

Durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) seed storage under controlled conditions

2020 ◽  
pp. 105-115
Author(s):  
O.A. Zadorozhna ◽  
T. P. Shyianova ◽  
M.Yu. Skorokhodov
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Seed Longevity ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Seed Moisture ◽  
Wheat Seeds

Aim. The aim of this work was to determine the longevity of durum wheat seeds according to the results of seed germination monitoring after seed storage for up to 19 years under controlled conditions in the National Plant Gene Bank of Ukraine. Results and Discussion. 36 accessions of spring durum wheat were investigated. These accessions belonged to var. hordeiforme, var. leucurum, var. melanopus, var. alexandrinum, var. apulicum, var. australe from seven countries; seven samples of durum winter wheat belonged to var. hordeiforme, var. leucurum were from Ukraine. Accessions were received by the Ukrainian genebank from seven countries: Ukraine, Russia, Mexico, France, Portugal, Kazakhstan and Tunisia. Seed accessions for storage were grown mainly in the eastern forest-steppe of Ukraine, stored in the National depositary in this region at unregulated temperature and at 4°C with seed moisture content of 5.5-8.0%. The mode of seed drying, which took place at temperature not higher than 25°C is discussed. The obtained results indicate high seed longevity of durum wheat under these conditions with initial seed germination rate more than 90% even in a storage facility at unregulated temperature. There were no differences in seed longevity between varieties of durum wheat under the studied storage conditions. Conclusions. Seeds of durum wheat remain unchanged for at least 10 years with a high initial germination of seeds, storage in sealed containers with moisture content 5.5-8.0% even at unregulated temperature of the eastern forest-steppe of Ukraine. Durum wheat seeds should be storage at temperature 4°C to increase seed longevity at seed moisture 5.5-8.0%.

THE IMPACT OF TILLAGE OF MEADOW CHESTNUT SOIL ON THE YIELDS OF WINTER DURUM WHEAT OF KRUPINKA VARIETY IN THE PLAINS OF DAGESTAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 319 (10) ◽  
pp. 40-42
Author(s):  
N.R. Magomedov ◽  
◽  
Z.N. Abdullaev ◽  
N.N. Magomedov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Chestnut Soil ◽  
The Impact

The Role of Research and Innovation in the Transformation of Agri-Food Systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-63
Author(s):  
Mariana Sandu ◽  
Stefan Mantea
Keyword(s):  
Technological Progress ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Food System ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Research And Innovation ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Determinant Factor ◽  
Rapid Transformation

Abstract Agri-food systems include branching ramifications, which connect in the upstream the input suppliers with farmers, and downstream farmers, processors, retailers and consumers. In the last decades, at the level of the regions, food systems have undergone rapid transformation as a result of technological progress. The paper analyzes the changes made to the structure, behavior and performance of the agri-food system and the impact on farmers and consumers. Also, the role of agricultural research as a determinant factor of transformation of agri-food system is analyzed. The research objective is to develop technologies that cover the entire food chain (from farm to fork) and meet the specific requirements of consumers (from fork to farm) through scientific solutions in line with the principles of sustainable agriculture and ensuring the safety and food safety of the population.

Prospects of spring wheat cultivation in the conditions of arid Volga region

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
Valery Genadievich Popov ◽  
Andrey Vladimirovich Panfilov ◽  
Yuriy Vyacheslavovich Bondarenko ◽  
Konstantin Mikhailovich Doronin ◽  
Evgeny Nikolaevih Martynov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Wheat Cultivation ◽  
Forest Belts ◽  
Clear Differentiation ◽  
The Impact

The article analyzes the experience of the impact of the system of forest belts and mineral fertilizers on the yield of spring wheat, including on irrigated lands. Vegetation irrigation is designed to maintain the humidity of the active soil layer from germination to maturation at the lower level of the optimum-70-75%, and in the phases of tubulation-earing - flowering - 75-80% NV. However, due to the large differences in zones and microzones of soil and climate conditions and due to the weather conditions of individual years, wheat irrigation regimes require a clear differentiation. In the Volga region in the dry autumn rainfalls give the norm of 800-1000 m3/ha, and in saline soils – 1000-1300 and 3-4 vegetation irrigation at tillering, phases of booting, earing and grain formation the norm 600-650 m3/ha. the impact of the system of forest belts, mineral fertilizers on the yield of spring wheat is closely tied to the formation of microclimate at different distances from forest edges.

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