Jamestown Canyon and snowshoe hare virus seroprevalence in New Brunswick

2021 ◽  
pp. e20210009
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Mincer ◽  
Stefanie Materniak ◽  
Kristina Dimitrova ◽  
Heidi Wood ◽  
Mahmood Iranpour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Snowshoe Hare ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Jamestown Canyon Virus ◽  
Risk Of Exposure ◽  
California Serogroup

Background: Jamestown Canyon virus (JCV) and snowshoe hare virus (SSHV) are wide-ranging mosquito-borne arboviruses in the California serogroup viruses (CSGV) that are known to circulate in New Brunswick. Despite potential for debilitating central nervous system manifestations, the prevalence of human exposure to these viruses in New Brunswick is unknown. The goal of this study was to quantify rates of human exposure in New Brunswick to these neglected arboviruses. Methods: A retrospective, anonymized provincial serosurvey was performed using a stratified random sample of residual sera submitted between May 2015 and August 2016. To determine the seroprevalence of JCV and SSHV, competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay–positive samples were confirmed positive using plaque-reduction neutralization testing (PRNT). Results: A total of 452 serum samples were screened. The seroprevalence of antibodies against CSGV was estimated to be 31.6% (95% CI 27.4% to 36.1%) with 143 positive samples. PRNT results indicated that most single virus exposures were due to JCV (38 of 143; 26.6%) rather than SSHV (3 of 143; 2.1%). The species of CSGV that the remaining 102 seropositive people were exposed to could not be precisely determined. Conclusions: The prevalence of human exposure to CSGV is high but comparable to rates observed in other Atlantic Canadian jurisdictions. Studies such as this provide important baseline epidemiological data regarding the risk of exposure to these neglected arboviruses. SSHV and JCV should be considered in the differential diagnosis for undiagnosed febrile and neuroinvasive illness during mosquito season, particularly when testing for common aetiologies is negative or inconclusive.

scholarly journals Roles of Host Species, Geographic Separation, and Isolation in the Seroprevalence of Jamestown Canyon and Snowshoe Hare Viruses in Newfoundland

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (18) ◽  
pp. 6734-6740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory Goff ◽  
Hugh Whitney ◽  
Michael A. Drebot
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Neutralization Assay ◽  
Snowshoe Hare ◽  
Large Mammals ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Neuroinvasive Disease ◽  
Snowshoe Hares ◽  
Jamestown Canyon Virus ◽  
Geographic Separation ◽  
California Serogroup

ABSTRACTCalifornia serogroup viruses, including Jamestown Canyon virus (JCV) and snowshoe hare virus (SSHV), are mosquito-borne members of theBunyaviridaefamily and are endemic across North America. These arboviruses are potential pathogens which occasionally cause neuroinvasive disease in humans and livestock. A neutralization assay was used to document JCV and SSHV seroprevalence using blood collected from a variety of domestic and wildlife host species. These species were sampled in an island setting, Newfoundland, which contains diverse ecoregions, ecological landscapes, and habitats. Seroprevalence rates for each virus differed significantly among host species and within certain species across different geographic areas. JCV was significantly associated with large mammals, and SSHV was significantly associated with snowshoe hares. Seroprevalence rates in the 5 species of animals tested for prior exposure to JCV ranged from 0% in snowshoe hares to 64% in horses. Seroprevalence rates for SSHV ranged from less than 1% in bovines to 55% in all snowshoe hares. The seroprevalence of SSHV differed significantly (P< 0.05) among hares occupying the discrete habitats of watersheds separated by 14 to 35 km. Cattle on farms in boreal forest landscapes displayed significantly higher JCV seroprevalence (P< 0.001) than those on farms located in seacoast landscapes. Lifelong geographic isolation of cattle to insular Newfoundland was associated with significantly lower JCV seroprevalence (P< 0.01) than that for cattle which had lived off-island.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Jamestown Canyon virus in the Japanese general population

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirofumi Kato ◽  
Masaaki Satoh ◽  
Madoka Kawahara ◽  
Satoshi Kitaura ◽  
Tomoki Yoshikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
Health Agency ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Central Nervous System Disease ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Antibody Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Human Serum Samples ◽  
Jamestown Canyon Virus

Abstract Background Jamestown Canyon virus (JCV) is a mosquito-borne orthobunyavirus that causes acute febrile illness, meningitis, and meningoencephalitis, mainly among adults. JCV is widely distributed in North America and the number of JCV cases in the U.S. has increased in recent years. Therefore, the central nervous system disease caused by JCV can be considered a potentially re-emerging viral disease. However, the seroprevalence of JCV is unknown in Japan. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the seroprevalence of JCV in the Japanese population. Methods We used an IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (IgG-ELISA) with JCV-infected cell-lysates and/or a neutralizing (NT) antibody assay. The cut-off value of IgG-ELISA was determined using IgG-ELISA to analyze serum specimens from 37 healthy Japanese donors. IgG-ELISA was validated by assessing its sensitivity and specificity, using 38 human serum samples previously tested for the presence or absence of antibodies against JCV and snowshoe hare virus (SSHV), in an in-house NT antibody assay conducted by the Public Health Agency of Canada. The seroepidemiological study was performed using IgG-ELISA and NT antibody assay to analyze 246 human serum samples from the serum bank of the National Institute of Infectious Diseases (NIID) in Japan. Results The cut-off value of IgG-ELISA was determined at 0.20, based on the mean (− 0.075) and standard deviation (0.092) values using Japanese donors’ sera. The sensitivity and the specificity of IgG-ELISA determined using 25 JCV-positive and 4 JCV-negative serum samples were 96 and 100%, respectively. Analysis of the 246 Japanese serum samples revealed that no specimen showed a higher value than the cut-off value of IgG-ELISA, and no sample tested positive by the NT antibody assay. Conclusions Our results showed that JCV is not circulating significantly in Japan. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to demonstrate the seroprevalence of JCV in the general population in Japan.

scholarly journals A retrospective survey of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection rates in paediatric patients from a single centre in Wuxi, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
pp. 030006052096172
Author(s):  
Jie-Ru Chen ◽  
Xiao-Fei Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Chlamydia Pneumoniae ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Single Centre ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Retrospective Survey ◽  
Igm Antibodies ◽  
Paediatric Patients

Objective To provide some epidemiological data on Chlamydia pneumoniae infection rates in paediatric patients at a single centre in Wuxi, China. Methods This was a retrospective analysis of serum samples from paediatric patients (<12 years) with a respiratory tract infection (RTI) and who had been admitted to the Department of Paediatrics, Wuxi No.2 People’s Hospital, China, from 01 January 2015 to 31 December 2016. C. pneumoniae IgM antibodies had been analysed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Of the 3866 children (2073 boys, 1793 girls) with a RTI that provided serum samples, 19% were positive for C. pneumoniae IgM antibodies. Among these children, 56% were positive for other infections. Conclusions Children over 6 years of age with a RTI had a higher C.pneumoniae infection rate than younger children and the infection rate was more common in winter months compared with other times of the year.

Analysis of UK Sera for Aflatoxin by Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

1988 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.P. Wilkinson ◽  
D.W. Denning ◽  
M.R.A. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Human Serum ◽  
Direct Measurement ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Fungal Metabolites ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Imported Food ◽  
The Uk

1 Aflatoxins are toxic, carcinogenic secondary fungal metabolites produced by certain moulds that commonly infest foods. Measurement of aflatoxins in human serum would give a direct measurement of exposure. 2 Twenty-seven serum samples from UK blood donors were found to contain aflatoxin levels not greater than 64 pmol/1 (20 pg/ml) by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. 3 These findings may indicate that present UK guideline tolerances for aflatoxin in imported food are effective in limiting human exposure to toxic aflatoxins in the UK diet, though further work would be needed to confirm this. In particular, sub-populations suspected of being at higher risk may need special considerations.

scholarly journals Zoonotic Infections in Communities of the James Bay Cree Territory: An Overview of Seroprevalence

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugues Sampasa-Kanyinga ◽  
Benoit Lévesque ◽  
Elhadji Anassour-Laouan-Sidi ◽  
Suzanne Côté ◽  
Bouchra Serhir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Toxocara Canis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Sin Nombre Virus ◽  
Snowshoe Hare ◽  
James Bay ◽  
Zoonotic Infections ◽  
James Bay Cree ◽  
Jamestown Canyon Virus ◽  
California Serogroup

The Cree communities of James Bay are at risk for contracting infectious diseases transmitted by wildlife. Data from serological testing for a range of zoonotic infections performed in the general population (six communities), or trappers and their spouses (one community), were abstracted from four population-based studies conducted in Cree territory (Quebec) between 2005 and 2009. Evidence of exposure toTrichinellaspecies,Toxoplasma gondii,Toxocara canis,Echinococcus granulosus,Leptospiraspecies,Coxiella burnetiiandFrancisella tularensiswas verified in all communities, whereas antibodies against Sin Nombre virus and California serogroup viruses (Jamestown Canyon and snowshoe hare viruses) were evaluated in three and six communities, respectively. Seroprevalence varied widely among communities: snowshoe hare virus (1% to 42%),F tularensis(14% to 37%),Leptospiraspecies (10% to 27%), Jamestown Canyon virus (9% to 24%),C burnetii(0% to 18%),T gondii(4% to 12%),T canis(0% to 10%),E granulosus(0% to 4%) andTrichinellaspecies (0% to 1%). No subject had serological evidence of Sin Nombre virus exposure. These data suggest that large proportions of the Cree population have been exposed to at least one of the targeted zoonotic agents. The Cree population, particularly those most heavily exposed to fauna, as well as the medical staff living in these regions, should be aware of these diseases. Greater awareness would not only help to decrease exposures but would also increase the chance of appropriate diagnostic testing.

TBE in Sweden

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Specific Immunoglobulin ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus ◽  
First Time

Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) was isolated for the first time in Sweden in 1958 (from ticks and from 1 tick-borne encephalitis [TBE] patient).1 In 2003, Haglund and colleagues reported the isolation and antigenic and genetic characterization of 14 TBEV strains from Swedish patients (samples collected 1991–1994).2 The first serum sample, from which TBEV was isolated, was obtained 2–10 days after onset of disease and found to be negative for anti-TBEV immunoglobulin M (IgM) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), whereas TBEV-specific IgM (and TBEV-specific immunoglobulin G/cerebrospinal fluid [IgG/CSF] activity) was demonstrated in later serum samples taken during the second phase of the disease.

MONITORING STUDIES OF ARBOVIRUS INFECTIONS TRANSMITTED BY MOSQUITOES ON THE TERRITORY OF THE VOLGOGRAD REGION

2019 ◽  
pp. 60-66
Author(s):  
E.V. Molchanova ◽  
D.N. Luchinin ◽  
A.O. Negodenko ◽  
D.R. Prilepskaya ◽  
N.V. Boroday ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Antigen ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Blood Sucking ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Volgograd Region ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Probable Presence ◽  
California Serogroup ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus

The paper presents data from the monitoring studies’ results of arbovirus infections transmitted by mosquitoes in the Volgograd region. West Nile virus antigen (WNV) in 9 samples, Tahyna virus in one sample, Batai virus in two samples were detected in the study of 110 samples of field material (blood-sucking mosquitoes) by ELISA test. Antibodies to WNV in 16.58 percent of the samples, to tick-borne encephalitis virus in 1.08 percent, to viruses of the California serogroup and Ukuniemi in 1.09 percent, to the virus Sindbis in 2.17 percent were detected as a result of the study of blood serum samples from donors in the Volgograd region. Thus, we obtained data on the probable presence of the Batai, Sindbis, Ukuniemi and Californian serogroup viruses along with the circulation of WNV on the territory of the Volgograd region.

scholarly journals Pestivirus infections in cervids from the Czech Republic

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 191-193
Author(s):  
K. Sedlak ◽  
T. Girma ◽  
J. Holejsovsky
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Competitive Inhibition ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Border Disease Virus ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Border Disease

372 sera of cervids from the Czech Republic were examined for antibodies to the bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and border disease virus (BDV) by competitive-inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and for the presence of the BVDV by AgELISA. Antibodies to BVDV/BDV were found in 0.6% (two positive/305 tested) red deer (<I>Cervus elaphus</I>). BVDV/BDV antibodies were not found in four sika deer (<I>Cervus Nippon</I>) and 63 fallow deer (<I>Dama dama</I>). All serum samples were BVDV antigen negative. Our results confirmed that red deer in the Czech Republic are only rarely infected with Pestiviruses. This was the first survey of pestiviruses in farmed and wild cervids in the Czech Republic.

scholarly journals Detection of Nipah virus in Pteropus medius in 2019 outbreak from Ernakulam district, Kerala, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Sudeep ◽  
Pragya D. Yadav ◽  
Mangesh D. Gokhale ◽  
R. Balasubramanian ◽  
Nivedita Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Index Case ◽  
Nipah Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Genotype I ◽  
Visceral Organs ◽  
Distinct Cluster ◽  
New Genotype ◽  
Kerala State ◽  
Set Up

Abstract Background In June 2019, Nipah virus (NiV) infection was detected in a 21-year-old male (index case) of Ernakulum, Kerala, India. This study was undertaken to determine if NiV was in circulation in Pteropus species (spp) in those areas where the index case had visit history in 1 month. Methods Specialized techniques were used to trap the Pteropus medius bats (random sampling) in the vicinity of the index case area. Throat and rectal swabs samples of 141 bats along with visceral organs of 92 bats were collected to detect the presence of NiV by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRTPCR). Serum samples of 52 bats were tested for anti-NiV Immunoglobulin (Ig) G antibodies by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The complete genome of NiV was sequenced by next-generation sequencing (NGS) from the tissues and swab samples of bats. Results One rectal swab sample and three bats visceral organs were found positive for the NiV. Interestingly, 20.68% (12/58) of Pteropus were positive for anti-NiV IgG antibodies. NiV sequences of 18,172; 17,200 and 15,100 nucleotide bps could be retrieved from three Pteropus bats. Conclusion A distinct cluster of NiV sequences, with significant net-evolutionary nucleotide divergence, was obtained, suggesting the circulation of new genotype (I-India) in South India. NiV Positivity in Pteropus spp. of bats revealed that NiV is circulating in many districts of Kerala state, and active surveillance of NiV should be immediately set up to know the hotspot area for NiV infection.

scholarly journals COT-04 Circulating biomarker for glioblastoma and primary central nervous system lymphoma -Next Generation Sequencing of small noncoding RNA-

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. ii21-ii21
Author(s):  
Shumpei Onishi ◽  
Fumiyuki Yamasaki ◽  
Motoki Takano ◽  
Ushio Yonezawa ◽  
Kazuhiko Sugiyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Central Nervous System Lymphoma ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Small Noncoding Rna ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Diagnostic Models ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Generation Sequencing

Abstract Objective: Glioblastoma (GBM) and Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma (PCNSL) are common intracranial malignant tumors. They sometimes present similar radiological findings and diagnoses could be difficult without surgical biopsy. For improving the current management, development of non-invasive biomarkers are desired. In this study, we explored the differently expressed circulating small noncoding RNA (sncRNA) in serum for specific diagnostic tool of GBM and PCNSL. Material & Methods: Serum samples were obtained from three groups: 1) GBM patients (N=26), 2) PCNSL patients (N=14) 3) healthy control (N=114). The total small RNAs were extracted from serum. The whole expression profiles of serum sncRNAs were measured using Next-Generation Sequencing System. We analyzed serum levels of sncRNAs (15–55 nt) in each serum samples. The difference of sncRNAs expression profile among three groups were compared. Data analysis was performed by logistic regression analysis followed by leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV). The accuracy of diagnostic models of sncRNAs combination were evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Results: We created the combination models using three sncRNA in each models based on the logistic regression analysis. The model 1 (based on sncRNA-X1, X2 and X3) enabled to differentiate GBM patients form healthy control with a sensitivity of 92.3% and a specificity of 99.2% (AUC: 0.993). The model 2 (based on sncRNA-Y1, Y2 and Y3) enabled to differentiate PCNSL patients form healthy control with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 93.9% (AUC: 0.984). The model 3 (based on sncRNA-Z1, Z2 and Z3) enabled to differentiate GBM patients form PCNSL patients with a sensitivity of 92.3% and a specificity of 78.6% (AUC: 0.920). Conclusion: We found three diagnostic models of serum sncRNAs as non-invasive biomarkers potentially useful for detection of GBM and PCNSL from healthy control, and for differentiation GBM from PCNSL.

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