scholarly journals Somatotypes and handgrip strength analysis of elite Serbian sambo athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
Jelena Slankamenac ◽  
◽  
Tatjana Trivić ◽  
Damjan Jakšić ◽  
Miodrag Drapšin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Anthropometric Measurements ◽  
Strength Analysis ◽  
Weight Category ◽  
Hand Grip ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Novi Sad ◽  
Post Hoc

The aim of this study was to establish whether there are differences between weight categories in different anthropometric measurements and handgrip strength between elite Serbian male and female sambo athletes divided into weight categories. A total of 70 elite Serbian sambo athletes participated in the study, who were participants of the World Cadet Sambo Championship held in Novi Sad. Athletes are classified into categories according to gender and official weight categories. Using anthropometry, we calculated somatotypes and hand-grip strength. For statistical analysis, we used a one-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s post hoc tests to compare group differences by weight categories. Somatotype analysis shows that a typical somatotype in male sambo athletes was endomorphic mesomorphs. In female groups, the most common somatotype in the lightest categories was mesomorphic ectomorphs, and in the heaviest categories were endomorphic mesomorphs. Examining the handgrip for both left and right hand, as well as in total, shows that there is a statistically significant difference between the categories. In total, the strength of the handgrip increases progressively in groups. In male categories, the difference exists between the first 4 groups and -78kg, as well as between -42kg and -46kg and the heaviest weight category. Differences between weight categories in female athletes were found between the lightest group and last six groups in total, in favor of the last six. Anthropometric measurements revealed a statistically significant difference between weight categories. Mesomorphy was the most dominant somatotype in male categories, while female athletes differed concerning weight category. The achieved results can serve as data to compare the somatotype and handgrip strength of elite sambo athletes on a national and international level. These findings suggest that the handgrip strength and somatotypes are the keys to success in relation to the weight category.

scholarly journals Somatotype Profiles of Montenegrin Karatekas: An Observational Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (24) ◽  
pp. 12914
Author(s):  
Jelena Slankamenac ◽  
Dusko Bjelica ◽  
Damjan Jaksic ◽  
Tatjana Trivic ◽  
Miodrag Drapsin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Physical Structure ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Weight Category ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Factors Affecting Performance ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Karate Athletes

Competitive karate activity involves numerous factors affecting performance in sport. Physical structure and somatotype is considered to be one of them. This study aimed to determine whether there are differences between karate athletes in five male and five female official weight categories in different anthropometric measurements and to determine the somatotype profiles of athletes divided by weight categories. This study consisted of a total of 27 male karate athletes (21.88 ± 4.66 years) and 24 female karate athletes (20.29 ± 3.14 years). Measurements were taken in April 2020. Athletes are classified into official weight categories according to World Karate Federation rules. Somatotypes were calculated using anthropometry. One-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s post hoc tests were used for statistical analysis to compare group differences regarding weight categories. Anthropometric parameters were highest in the heaviest categories compared to lighter categories. All male subjects were endomorphic mesomorph, except for category <84 kg, which was endomorphic ectomorphs. Somatotype analysis of male categories found a difference between the <75 kg and <84 kg in endomorphy. In mesomorphy, there is no difference between categories. Perceiving ectomorphy, there is a significant difference between the first category and the >84 kg. Profiling female athletes, three different types of somatotypes were obtained concerning the weight category. The lightest weight category was predominantly endomorphic ectomorphs, and two weight categories were ectomorphic endomorphs (<61 kg and <68 kg), and the other two weight categories were endomorphic mesomorphs (<55 kg and >68 kg). Somatotype differences in the female karate athletes were observed only in the ectomorphy components, between <50 kg and <61 kg. The present study points to how the somatotypes profiles of karate athletes differ between weight categories.

scholarly journals Relationship between facial attractiveness and pupil diameter in young adults

Psico ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 30033
Author(s):  
Silvana Queiroga da Costa Carvalho ◽  
Michael Jackson Oliveira De Andrade ◽  
Natanael Antonio Dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Pupil Size ◽  
Pupil Diameter ◽  
Facial Attractiveness ◽  
Human Face ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Step Study

The objective of this study was to investigate whether there is a relationship between pupil diameter and facial attractiveness. Participated in the study 60 young adults (30 men and 30 women) between 18 and 26 years of age (M = 20.65, SD = 2.20). Ten different unfamiliar neutral faces (five men and five women) were used as stimuli. The pupil diameter of each face was manipulated with pupil diameters of 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 mm (10 faces x 5 pupil diameters = 50stimuli). A two-step study was carried out with the same sample and the same sets of faces, seeking to understand the difference of responses between subjects of both sexes. In phase I, result indicated a significant difference in relation to the pupil diameter factor for both the men (ꭓ² = 21.93, p < .05) and the women (ꭓ² = 44.73, p < .05). In phase II, the results indicated significant differences in relation to the pupil size [F (1, 234) = 19.06, p < 0.05]. The post-hoc Tukey HSD test showed that both the men and the women differently judged the faces with a pupil diameter of 2 mm in relation to the faces with pupil diameters of 3, 4, 5 and 6 mm (p < .05). Also, a significant difference between the diameter of 5 mm in relation to the diameter of 3 mm (p < .05). In general, the results indicate that the pupil diameter is a structural component of the human face that plays an important role in the process of judging facial attractiveness.***Relação entre a atratividade facial e diâmetro pupilar em adultos jovens***O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a relação entre o diâmetro da pupila e a atratividade facial. Participaram da pesquisa 60 jovens com idade entre 18 e 26 anos. Foram utilizadas dez faces de adultos jovens, manipulou-se o diâmetro de cada pupila com variações de 2, 3, 4, 5 e 6 mm. Realizou-se um estudo em duas etapas: na fase I, o resultado indicou diferença significativa para o fator de diâmetro pupilar tanto para homens quanto para mulheres (p < 0,05). Na fase II, os resultados indicaram diferenças significativas em relação ao tamanho da pupila (p < 0,05). O teste post-hoc Tukey mostrou que tanto os homens quanto as mulheres avaliaram diferentemente as faces com diâmetro pupilar de 2 mm (p < 0,05). Em geral, os resultados indicam que o diâmetro da pupila é um componente da face humana que desempenha um importante função no processo de julgamento da atratividade facial.

scholarly journals Stomach Volume Evaluation on Fetal MRI and its use in Prenatal Identification of Esophageal Atresia

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditya Phadnis ◽  
Monica Forbes-Amrhein
Keyword(s):  
Esophageal Atresia ◽  
Fetal Mri ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Stomach Volume ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
One Way Anova

Swallowing of amniotic fluid alters the volume of the fetal stomach; therefore an abnormal fetal stomach size can be indicative of pathology. Previous studies have used linear measurements on ultrasound to approximate stomach sizes. Fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows for volumetric measurement of the stomach. The objective of this study was to develop a library of normal fetal stomach volumes on MRI at each gestational age. We also sought to measure stomach volumes of fetuses with esophageal atresia and compare to normal volumes at similar gestation ages (GA).  A retrospective review of fetal MRIs from patients 20-38 weeks GA was conducted.  Exclusion criteria for the controls included any impairment that would impede swallowing or alter stomach sizes.  Patients with esophageal atresia were identified and postnatal records were reviewed to confirm the diagnosis. The stomach volume was measured on T2-weighted imaging using Phillips Intellispace software. The stomach volumes of the controls at each GA were compared using one-way ANOVA with Games-Howell Post-Hoc (p<0.05).  The stomach volume in esophageal atresia was compared to controls using a T-test (p<0.001).    185 control studies, 10 at each week of gestation, and 8 patients with esophageal atresia were included. For normal fetuses, there was a trend of increased stomach size and broadened standard deviation with increasing GA.  No significant difference was found between any two sequential weeks, however the difference in second and third trimester volumes was significant (p<0.001).   The patients with esophageal atresia had significantly smaller stomach volumes compared to control patients of the same GA range (p<0.001).   This pilot study established reference values for fetal stomach volume, which was found to increase with GA. The stomach volume is significantly smaller in patients with esophageal atresia.  Thus, esophageal atresia can be identified prenatally, allowing for delivery at an appropriate acuity NICU and early intervention.   

scholarly journals Crunchy Coconut (Cocos Nucifera) Shell Activated Charcoal Powder Chocolate Cookies

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 48-51
Author(s):  
Novelita J. Belmes ◽  
Kristel Jade C. Palma
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Method ◽  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Statistical Tool ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Hedonic Scale ◽  
Post Hoc

The study aimed to introduce the acceptability of Crunchy Coconut (Cocos nucifera) Shell Activated Charcoal Powder Chocolate Cookies. The experimental method of research using Five-Point Hedonic Scale was answered by selected respondents in terms of appearance, aroma, taste and texture. The finding showed that treatment B has the highest mean level that is scaled as “Highly Acceptable” in terms of appearance while in aroma, taste, and texture treatment A has the highest mean level that is scaled as “Highly Acceptable”. Generally, treatment A was accepted by the respondents. There was no significant difference in the level of acceptability of the “ Crunchy Coconut (Cocos nucifera) Shell Activated Charcoal Powder Chocolate Cookies” in terms of appearance. In terms of aroma, taste, and texture there was a significant difference in the level of acceptability of the “Crunchy Coconut (Cocos nucifera) Shell Activated Charcoal Powder Chocolate Cookies”. ANOVA was used as statistical tool to test the difference between groups. Post Hoc Test and Scheffe were also used to confirm the differences occurred between groups in an unplanned comparison between groups. Based on the findings and conclusions, recommendations were formulated.

scholarly journals Investigating chemical parameters in hot dog sausages from Novi Sad market

2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 385-397
Author(s):  
Nadezda Prica ◽  
Milan Baltic ◽  
Milica Zivkov-Balos ◽  
Zeljko Cupic ◽  
Zeljko Mihaljev
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Average Content ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Novi Sad ◽  
Hot Dog

Meat products play an important role in the modern diet. The production of cooked sausages comprises an important segment in the complex meat industry. Hot dogs are prepared according to production specifications and differences in the quality of products can therefore be expected. This paper presents a comparative analysis of chemical parameters in products of five different manufacturers at the Novi Sad market. Water content, fat, protein, sodium chloride, the relative protein content of connective tissue in meat protein (RCP) and ash were analyzed. The difference between the average contents of chemical quality parameters in hot dogs was examined. The average water content ranged from 56.29?3.30% to 61.44?4.08%. The average total fat content ranged from 17.60?3.07% to 20.66?4.65%. No statistically significant difference (p?0.05) was detected in the fat content of the products of manufacturers D and B, as well as C and B. Between the average fat content of the producers E and D the difference in fat content was found to be p?0.01. In all other cases, the difference between the average fat content was p?0.001. The average total protein content in hot dogs ranged from 11.77?1.08% and 15.41?1.82. No statistically significant difference (p?0.05) was detected between the average total protein content in hot dogs of manufacturers A and C. Between the average protein content of D and E meat manufacturers the statistically significant difference had a value of p?0.01, and the average protein content in hot dogs of all other manufacturers had a significant difference (p?0.001). The total protein content in all five manufacturers of hot dogs met the prescribed standard (10%). RCP content in the hot dogs of different producers ranged from 17.34?0.95% to 22.33?2.08%. No statistically significant difference (p?0.05) was detected in the average contents of RCP in hot dogs of manufacturers D and E and A and B. but a statistically significant difference was detected (p?0.001). between the average content of RCP in all other manufacturers of hot dogs. The average chloride content in hot dogs from different manufacturers ranged from 1.30?0.10% to 2.55%?0.16%. The average ash content in different hot dog producers ranged from 1.99?0.18% to 3.46?0.22%. The average content of chloride and ash in all five manufacturers was significantly different.

scholarly journals The Knowledge and The Hydration Status of Junior Martial Art Athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 164
Author(s):  
Ajeng Sindi Tirtasari ◽  
Kunjung Ashadi
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Multiple Choice Questions ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Youth Athletes ◽  
Martial Art ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference

The purpose of this study was to determine the adequacy of fluids in the body during training for youth athletes of martial arts. The research method uses descriptive quantitative. Data collection techniques were obtained from urine tests, interviews, and multiple choice questions on 10 athletes consisting of five male athletes and five female athletes of martial art with a maximum age criteria of 18 years. Data analysis techniques used mean, standard deviation, percentage, graph, normality, and different test Paired Sample T Test to find out the difference in the mean. Athletes' knowledge of hydration was in the moderate category and there was a significant difference (Sig. <0.05) in the average hydration before and after training by the Madiun Regency martial art athletes.  

Development and evaluation of black rice fryums

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-167
Author(s):  
Vaijayanthi Kanabur ◽  
Akshata A Kamath
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Black Rice ◽  
White Rice ◽  
Cooking Properties ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Hedonic Scale ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
One Way Anova

Fryums, a popular Indian snack item prepared using white rice (Oryza sativa) as a main ingredient, was used as a base for developing black rice fryums. In this study, the white rice was replaced by Burma black rice (Oryza sativa) to the extent of 50 per cent (variation one), 75 per cent (variation two) and 100 per cent (variation three). Sensory evaluation of the three variations was done using 9 point hedonic scale and food action rating scale (FACT). One way ANOVA and Least Significant Difference (LSD) post hoc test were used to analyse the results. Variation one and two which used a combination of white rice and black rice received low sensory scores compared to variation three. The difference in amylose and amylopectin ratio of white rice and black rice which directly influences the cooking properties of rice may be responsible for this. Variation three was found to be closest to the basic recipe in terms of sensory properties. The sun dried hundred per cent Black rice fryums provide 290.5 kcals of energy, 72.25 g of carbohydrates and 8.71 g of protein per 100 g. The evaluation by Food Action Rating Scale, revealed that it was overall acceptable. There are hardly any studies on black rice fryums. This study is an attempt to extend the benefits of the black rice, which is known to have many functional properties, to the non consumers of black rice and to add variety to the diets of black rice consumers.

scholarly journals A pilot study comparing ergonomics in laparoscopy and robotics: beyond anecdotes, and subjective claims

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Jen Kuo ◽  
James Chi-Yong Ngu ◽  
Yen-Kuang Lin ◽  
Chia-Che Chen ◽  
Yue-Her Tang
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Fatigue ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery ◽  
Hand Grip Strength ◽  
Hand Grip ◽  
Hand Dexterity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Surgeon Performance ◽  
And Robotics

Abstract We aimed to use hand dexterity and grip strength test as objective measures to compare the difference in surgeon fatigue associated with robotic and laparoscopic colorectal surgery. We used the Purdue Pegboard Test to assess hand dexterity and the Camry Electronic Handgrip Dynamometer to assess hand grip strength. Eighteen patients were operated on, including 10 robotic and 8 laparoscopic cases. Statistical analysis revealed no difference in dexterity or muscle fatigue after operating with the robot. In contrast, there was a significant difference in the hand grip strength of both hands after laparoscopic surgery. Our results show that the resultant fatigue after laparoscopy affects both hands of the surgeon. In contrast, there was no difference in dexterity or muscle fatigue after operating with the robot. Given the demands of complex colorectal surgeries, robotics may be a means of optimizing surgeon performance by reducing fatigue.

Analysis of the NWAA Swimming Classification System

1992 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gale M. Gehlsen ◽  
Joan Karpuk
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Class V ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Data Analyses ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Medical Classification ◽  
Post Hoc

This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of the National Wheelchair Athletic Association (NWAA) classification system in swimming events. The NWAA records of freestyle, butterfly, and backstroke in nine classifications of both male and female athletes were used (N=1,256). Each athlete’s speed was calculated from the reported time and distance. There was a significant difference in classification for all events except the paraplegic 50- and 100-m backstroke events. Post hoc data analyses within classification for the 50- and 100-m freestyle events indicated significant differences among all paraplegic classifications. Post hoc data analyses within classifications for the 50-m butterfly event indicated significant differences among all paraplegic classes except Class V and Class VI athletes. Tetraplegic within classification post hoc data analyses indicated significant differences between 1A and both Classes 1B and 1C. Gender differences were statistically indicated for all events. The logic of the medical classification system of the NWAA cannot be totally supported by these data. However, the results do not offer clear direction for any combination of classes.

scholarly journals Footprint analysis and prevalence of flatfoot: a study among the children of South 24 Parganas, West Bengal, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-380
Author(s):  
Nairrita Bhattacharjee ◽  
Monali Goswami
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Anthropometric Measurements ◽  
Weight Category ◽  
Foot Length ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Foot Morphology ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Arch Index

AbstractThe present study envisages the morphological differences in anthropometric measurements on footprints among the preschool children and analyzes its manifestation in the different weight category. This study also focuses on the diagnosis of flatfoot among the studied population. Data has been collected from 160 participants (80 boys and 80 girls) from Bengali Hindu caste population aged 3 to 6 years. Anthropometric measurements included height, weight and body mass index. Other measurements on foot morphology included foot length, foot breadth diagonal, foot breadth horizontal, ball of the foot length, outside ball of the boot length, heel breadth, and toe lengths T1, T2, T3.T4, T5. Staheli’s Plantar Arch Index, Chippaux-Smirak Index and foot angle were calculated. Various statistical tests like t-test, Pearson’s correlation and ANOVA were performed. Among all the variables, foot breadth horizontal showed statistically significant difference between boys and girls (p<0.05). All the footprint dimensions showed a significant (p<0.05) positive correlation with height and weight in both the boys and the girls. However, the Staheli’s Plantar Arch Index showed a significant (p<0.05) negative correlation with height and weight and Chippaux-Smirak Index showed a significant (p<0.05) negative correlation with height only among both the boys and the girls. Significant differences (ANOVA) were found between the foot morphology of children in three different weight categories (underweight, healthy and overweight) except the foot angle, and both indices. The present study evinces that weight affects the foot structure of the children. The prevalence of flatfoot was found to be 57.5% among the children with no significant difference (p<0.05) between the boys and the girls. The results thus provide a podium for intricate studies in the future. Timely prognosis of flatfoot in children can instigate early rectification of flat-footedness.

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