scholarly journals Influence of the individual typological features of autonomic regulation on the indicators of functional and physical readiness of athletes

2021 ◽  
pp. 62-66
Author(s):  
Julia Kovalenko ◽  
Valeria Tyshchenko ◽  
Fedir Tovstopiatko ◽  
Sofia Novytska
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
The Body ◽  
Motor Training ◽  
Training Process ◽  
Fitness Indicators ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Training ◽  
Generalization Of Data ◽  
Individual Motor

Goal. To develop a program of training sessions, taking into account the individual motor propensity for purposeful improvement of functional and physical fitness of kayakers at the stage of preparation for higher achievements. Methods: analysis and generalization of data of special scientific and methodical literature and abstract databases on the research topic; pedagogical observations of the educational and training process, where the parameters of physical activity during classes were recorded; assessment of physical fitness indicators; assessment of functional status, methods of mathematical statistics. Results. It turned out to be necessary to ensure the effectiveness of the body's adaptation to maximum physical activity, to achieve a "balanced" formation and stabilization of sports form in each individual kayaker at the stage of preparation for higher achievements with set deadlines and maintaining optimal readiness for competition. In this regard, the organization of the training process when planning training loads should be based on the properties of the development of the body of athletes and should be based on the types of motor training. The use of the author's program of training sessions, taking into account individual motor skills for purposeful improvement of functional and physical fitness has allowed to bring kayakers, who were involved in scientific research, to a new qualitative and quantitative level of skill, which has been implemented according to relevant indicators. Conclusions. The study of the effectiveness of different types of motor training at the stage of preparation for higher achievements in rowing kayakers on their functional and physical fitness expands the possibility of creating new and improving existing comprehensive training programs, the use of which will improve competitive activity.

Physical fitness of people with moderate and considerable intellectual disabilities

Physiotherapy ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marzena Ślężyńska ◽  
Grzegorz Mięsok ◽  
Kamila Mięsok
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Abdominal Muscle ◽  
The Body ◽  
Intellectually Disabled ◽  
Fitness Tests ◽  
Abdominal Muscle Strength

AbstractIntroduction: The aim of the physical activity of the intellectually disabled is the strengthening of health, creating movement habits, promoting active recreation, and maintaining exercise capacity. Skillfully applied physical activity allows to mitigate the effects of pathology and create the compensations to enable the intellectually disabled people to live relatively independently. Physical activity and sport also increase their chances to integrate with their families, peers, and social environment.Materials and methods: The research targeted a group of 134 people with moderate or considerable intellectual disability (65 women and 69 men), aged 20-53 years, who participated in occupational therapy workshops in Jastrzębie Zdrój, Rybnik, and Żory. Physical fitness was assessed using the “Eurofit Special” test and balance tests. Measurements of body height and mass were also taken and then used to calculate the body mass index (BMI).Results: A salient somatic trait was the greater body mass relative to height among the persons with considerable disability, clearly illustrated by the BMI. This explained their greater heaviness in performing physical exercises. An even greater difference between participants with moderate and considerable intellectual disability was visible in physical fitness. Obviously, older persons did not achieve as good results in fitness tests as the younger ones, yet the participants were more differentiated by the level of disability than age. Most symptomatic differences to the disadvantage of the considerably disabled were observed in explosive strength, speed, abdominal muscle strength, and flexibility.Conclusions: Significant differences in fitness between the compared groups make it necessary to take into account the level of intellectual disability in the course of physical education and sport, at work, and in household duties.

Physiological and Hereditary Hyperbilirubinemia in Athletes: Role in Reducing Efficiency and Correction Methodology

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 386-393
Author(s):  
L. M. Gunina ◽  
◽  
Kazys Mylashyus ◽  
Voitenko V. L. ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Diagnostic Algorithm ◽  
Drug Prevention ◽  
The Body ◽  
Erythrocyte Membranes ◽  
Pharmacological Agents ◽  
Bilirubin Metabolism ◽  
The Individual

Under high-intensity loads, the athlete's bodies take place a number of biochemical reactions and physiological processes that can lead to hyperbilirubinemia. The factors that can initiate the onset of this phenomenon include the syndrome of micro-damage muscle, violation of the integrity of erythrocyte membranes, decreased blood pH, malnutrition and increase oxygen demand of the body. Degree of expression of manifestations of physiological bilirubinemia depends on the level of adaptation of the athlete to the physical activities offered. Hyperbilirubinemia in athletes can be one of the components of the deterioration of the functional state, forming the symptoms of endogenous intoxication. The relevance of this problem in sport lies in the relatively low detection rate of hyperbilirubinemia due to the lack of regular screening studies. However, in drawing up a plan of nutritional- metabolic support for training and competitive activity and recovery measures, must not only the individual reaction of the athlete body to physical activity, but also the severity of shifts in the indicators of bilirubin metabolism and their ratio. The article describes the reasons for the increase in bilirubin levels, which can be caused by both the effect of physical activity and by the presence of pathological processes in athletes. The factors influencing the blood serum’s bilirubin content are also highlighted, which include the state of erythrocyte cell membranes and the rate of hemoglobin destruction, the functional state of the liver, the specifics of physical loads and the use of ergogenic pharmacological agents by athletes. Particular accent has been placed on the illumination of hereditary hyperbilirubinemias, which may have been detected at the stage of selection of athletes. The most common phenomenon is Gilbert's syndrome, which occurs in 2-5% of cases in the general population, is characterized in the clinic by a benign flow and is manifested by episodes of jaundice and an increase in total bilirubin content to moderate values due to indirect. The frequency of detection of hyperbilirubinemias in the population of athletes is 4.68%, among which Gilbert's disease accounts for almost half (48.7%). Conclusion. The work highlighted the pathogenesis and diagnostic algorithm of Gilbert's disease, and also emphasized that its drug prevention and correction in athletes to maintain functional and physical fitness should be carried out taking into account anti-doping rules, which requires upon diagnosis timely receipt of a therapeutic exclusion

scholarly journals Relationship between Symptoms in Women with Endometriosis and Lifestyles: a Qualitative Interview Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 178-183
Author(s):  
M. Scavone ◽  
C. Gizzi ◽  
E. Albi
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Uterine Cavity ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
The Body ◽  
Quality Of Sleep ◽  
Qualitative Interview Study ◽  
Italian Women ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Reproductive Aged Women

AbstractEndometriosis is a common condition that affects reproductive-aged women and is characterized by the presence of endo-metrial tissue outside the uterine cavity with nodules and lesions. The study aimed to analyze lifestyles of women affected by endometriosis in relation with their symptoms. In this observational study, 735 Italian women have been interviewed online through a questionnaire structured in two parts. The first part was mainly anamnestic, focused on gathering information about the age, the stage of disease, comorbidities, involved organs, symptomatology, chirurgical treatment, induced menopause. The second part focused on the individual characteristics and lifestyle of the patients such as the body mass index, physical activity, quality of sleep, and the diet. The results showed how a healthy diet and a regular physical activity reduce drastically the symptoms of the patients.

scholarly journals Assessment of the health of medical students

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 132-138
Author(s):  
Anastasiya A. Khablova ◽  
Galina N. Bondar’ ◽  
Pavel F. Kiku ◽  
Natal’ya S. Tumanova ◽  
Valentina N. Rasskazova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Component Composition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Spiritual Well Being ◽  
Academic Workload ◽  
The Individual

Human health, in addition to social and spiritual well-being, is determined by its physical condition, which reflects the functional capabilities of the body, features of physical development and ensures working capacity in any activity, including academic workload, which is extremely important for students in higher educational institutions. The purpose of the study is to assess the health status of students at the School of Biomedicine of the Far Eastern Federal University. Material and methods. The health status of 184 medical students (147 young women and 37 young men) was assessed using a sociological survey (questionnaire) and a study of the component composition of the body using bioimpedancemetry. Results. The low physical activity, detected in 68% of students and bad habits (smoking tobacco) have been established to negatively affect students’ health. Among smokers, 75% of students live in dormitories on the university campus. According to the results of bioimpedancemetry, significant deviations from the age norm were noted in terms of body mass index (BMI) (50% of cases) and fat mass (FM) (71% of cases). Significant gender differences in the individual components of the body were not identified. Discussion. The most aggressive factors that significantly affect the health of students are unbalanced nutrition, lack of compliance with the regime of study and rest, lack of sleep and stay in the fresh air, lack of physical activity, lack of motivation for a healthy lifestyle. Significant deviations in BMI and FM, identified by bioimpedancemetry, indicate the risks of developing arterial hypertension, metabolic syndrome, and nutritional status disorders. Medical students need to give recommendations for increasing motor activity and changing diet. Conclusion. The results of the study can be used in the future to determine the functional state of students and develop preventive measures to preserve the health of medical students.

Physical Activity, Fitness, and Adiposity of Prepubertal Girls

1996 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lennart Raudsepp ◽  
Toivo Jürimäe
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Muscular Strength ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fitness Tests ◽  
Physical Activity Recall ◽  
Prepubertal Girls

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between physical activity and physical fitness and adiposity in a sample of 77 girls, aged 10–11 years. Physical activity was assessed by 7-day physical activity recall by which children reported how much time they spent on low and moderate-to-vigorous physical activities. Physical fitness was measured by EUROFIT test battery. Adiposity was estimated by sum of five skinfolds. The main finding of the study was that moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and adiposity were significant predictors (with 16–34% accounted variance) of physical fitness tests where the body mass affects performance. Indicators of physical activity and adiposity were not significantly related with fitness items requiring muscular strength, balance, flexibility, and speed of limb movement. Furthermore, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and aerobic fitness predicted 22% of variance in adiposity in girls.

scholarly journals DYNAMICS OF INDICATORS SPECIAL PHYSICAL PREPAREDNESS OF ATHLETES AGE 15-16 YEARS IN PANCRATION DURING THE YEAR PREPARATION CYCLE

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 165-172
Author(s):  
Oleg Sogor ◽  
◽  
Marʺyan Pitin ◽  
Andriy Okopnyy ◽  
Volodymyr Levchuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Basic Training ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
Traditional Programs ◽  
Fitness Indicators ◽  
And Training ◽  
Control Exercise ◽  
Selection Of

Introduction. The main directions of development the theory and methods of management of educational and training process and competitive activity include the optimal selection of the educational and training content at different stages of long-term training. Purpose: to determine the dynamics of special physical fitness athletes aged 15-16 years in pankration at the stage of specialized basic training in the annual cycle under the influence of experimental and traditional programs. Methods: theoretical analysis and generalization of literary sources, analysis of documentary materials, pedagogical testing, pedagogical experiment, methods of mathematical statistics. During November 2018 - October 2019, a formative pedagogical experiment was organized and conducted, involving control (21 athletes) and experimental (22 athletes) groups. Results. Most of the relative indicators ("climbing a rope 5 m without the help of legs", "Burpee test in 30 s", "squats with a disc from a barbell 20 kg in 1 min.", "rotation with a disc from a barbell 20 kg in 1 min."," pull of amortization rubber in 60 s") ranged from 12.05 to 18.35% improvement over the entire (annual period) of the pedagogical experiment implementation. According to one of the special physical fitness indicators (control exercise "simulation of passages in the legs with pulling a partner in 60 s (with amortization rubber)") the values of improvement were more significant and amounted 43.28%. In the control group, based on the results of the whole pedagogical experiment, there are significant increases in most indicators of special physical fitness. Significant (p≤0.01) increments of results are observed for most indicators. Relative indicators of improvement of results ("climbing on a rope of 5 m without the help of legs", "Burpy test in 30 s", " rotation with a disk from a barbell of 20 kg in 1 min.", " pull of amortization rubber in 60 s") ranged from 5.05–17.70% during the implementation of the pedagogical experiment. However, according to one of the special physical fitness indicators (control exercise "Squats with a disc from a barbell 20 kg in 1 min.") the values of improvement did not acquire significant values and amounted 5.07% (p = 0.07). Conclusions. According to the results of pedagogical experiment, we observe a significant improvement in most special physical fitness indicators, the situation is fairly uniform. Significant (p≤0.01) increases in the results of control exercises are observed for all indicators. Key words: preparedness, stage, indicators, results, mixed combat sports.

scholarly journals What do we know about physical activity interventions in vocational education and training? A systematic review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Grüne ◽  
Johanna Popp ◽  
Johannes Carl ◽  
Klaus Pfeifer
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Vocational Education ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Vocational Education And Training ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
Physical Activity Interventions ◽  
And Training

Abstract Background: Although the health benefits of physical activity are well known, young people’s level of physical activity is often insufficient and tends to decline in adolescence. Numerous studies have investigated the effectiveness of physical activity-promoting interventions among young people, but none have reviewed the effectiveness of physical activity interventions in the vocational education and training (VET) setting. This systematic review aims to (1) synthesize and review the available literature on physical activity-promoting interventions in VET and (2) examine the effects of these interventions on physical activity-related outcomes such as physical activity level, physical fitness, physiological parameters, or psychological factors. Methods: Five electronic databases were searched for studies involving adolescents aged 15 to 20 years that took place in VET settings and evaluated the effects of interventions with a physical activity component on physical activity-related outcomes such as PA level, physical fitness, physiological parameters, or psychological factors. The screening process and the quality assessment were conducted by two independent reviewers; data extraction was conducted by one reviewer and verified by another. Results: The literature search identified 18,959 articles and 11,282 unique records. After the screening process, nine studies met the pre-defined eligibility criteria and were included in qualitative analyses. All but two studies reported significant improvements for at least one physical activity-related outcome. The interventions substantially differed in their development approaches (top-down vs. bottom-up approaches), complexity (multi- vs. single-component), and addressed behavior (multi-behavioral vs. single-behavioral). The most conspicuous finding was that bottom-up approaches tend to improve outcomes at the psychological level and top-down approaches at the physical level. Regarding the interventions’ complexity and addressed behavior, we did not reveal any conclusive results. Conclusion: This systematic review highlights the varying effects of physical activity-promoting interventions in VET. Nevertheless, heterogeneous effects and overall weak study quality limited our ability to draw clear conclusions about the potentially most effective intervention strategies. Therefore, future research should focus on high-quality studies with long-term follow-ups to make recommendations for practical use. Trial registration: PROSPERO CRD42018109845

scholarly journals Validity and Reliability of Self-Perception-Based Submaximal Fitness Tests in Young Adult Females: An Educational Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 2265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pietro Luigi Invernizzi ◽  
Gabriele Signorini ◽  
Andrea Bosio ◽  
Gaetano Raiola ◽  
Raffaele Scurati
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
The Body ◽  
Step Test ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Testing Procedures ◽  
Interclass Correlation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Self ◽  
Push Up

Background: In physical activity, testing procedures generally require maximal efforts. They are not always administrable or appropriate (e.g., with beginners, elderly, or in school); therefore, alternative submaximal procedures might be more fitting. This study aimed to assess the criterion validity and reliability of submaximal tests based on perceptual variables to be used instead of the corresponding maximal procedures to evaluate muscular endurance, flexibility, and cardiorespiratory fitness. The sustainability of this “educational” rationale to achieve the individual self-government and self-determination of testing and exercising has been further discussed. Methods: A total of 16 female gym practitioners (age 23 ± 3 years) performed five submaximal tests (push-up, S-PU; crunch, S-CR; wall-sit, S-WS; bending forward, S-BF; Step test, S-ST), whose results were compared to those from the corresponding maximal tests (push-up, PU; crunch, CR; wall-sit, WS; sit-and-reach, S&R; Yo-yo, YY). Results: The Interclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) was higher than 0.8 in all of the submaximal tests. High correlations were found between all submaximal and maximal tests except between YY and S-ST, though their mean heart rates were correlated. Conclusions: Submaximal tests based on an internal load at about 50% of the maximal perceived exertion are equally valid and reliable to the corresponding gold-standard maximal tests, except for the cardiorespiratory evaluation. The educational rationale of this study supports self-acting as a calibration mechanism of physical activity, promoting a proper use of the body but not its overuse.

Physical Activity in Women with Breast Cancer and Those After Mastectomy

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-107
Author(s):  
Patrycja Gierszon ◽  
Agata Stachura ◽  
Magdalena Paziewska ◽  
Marzena Samardakiewicz ◽  
Marzena Furtak-Niczyporuk
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Professional Literature ◽  
Mammary Gland Cancer ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

Mammary gland cancer, commonly known as breast cancer, is the most common malignancy in women in Poland. The occurrence of the disease and its treatment are associated with a decrease in physical fitness and endurance of the body, and also make it difficult to meet basic life needs and result in a deterioration in the quality of life. The aim of the study is to present physical activity in women with breast cancer and after mastectomy. Analysis of professional literature and available research results in patients undergoing oncological therapy in the treatment of breast cancer indicates the need for them to undertake physical activity and physiotherapy in order to minimize the effects of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and mastectomy. Analysis of studies in terms of the impact of physical activity on the rehabilitation and recovery of patients with breast cancer showed a significant impact of physical fitness on bone mineral density as the most important factor in the development and maintenance of normal bone metabolism. Physical exercises have also been shown to have a positive effect on patients during and after treatment. Regular physical exercise in women treated for cancer is essential and has a significant impact on reducing muscle deficits and the entire skeletal system.

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