scholarly journals Degree of Affinity Between the Korean *mōi(h), *mōró and Japanese *mǝ́rí against the Altaic *mōr[u] “tree, forest” (According to Starostin’s Version)

2019 ◽  
pp. 61-73
Author(s):  
Y. V. Kapranov
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Relationship ◽  
Japanese Language ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Historical Note ◽  
Korean Language ◽  
Special Unit ◽  
Language Groups ◽  
Genetic Level ◽  
The Law ◽  
Linguistic Relations

The article has an attempt to prove the genetic level of relationship between the Korean *mōi(h), *mòró “1) mountain; 2) forest” and Japanese *mǝ́rí “forest” that reach the Altaic *mōr[u] “tree, forest”. It is based on the comparison of the genetic matches of the Korean and Japanese languages, proposed by Starostin in The Global Lexicostatistical Database “Babel Tower”. The three versions of the degree of affinity between these languages are provided: genetic (according to Kyzlasov) and universal (according to Burykin), as well as its absence (according to Vynogradov). A historical note on the Korean-Japanese linguistic relations with the assumption of the areal contacts has been presented.Although the reconstruction of the Altaic took place based on the reconstructed etymons from different language groups: 1) Mongolian *mo-du (< *mor-du) “tree”; 2) Tungus Manchu *mō “tree”, the article focuses on 3) Korean *mōi(h), *mòró “1) mountain; 2) forest” and Japanese *mǝ́rí “forest”.In the process of the study, an attempt was made to prove the genetic relationship between the Korean and Japanese languages based on the phonomorphological processes that appeared to be common to these languages: 1) the law of prosody as a doctrine of emphasis in the Altaic languages, where the presence of low and high tones, as well as musical accent is observed; 2) the law of articulation; 3) the law of the morphemic structure of words, the effect of which is to fix the law of composition for the Korean and Japanese languages. In this case, the actions of certain laws are typical only for the Korean language: 1) the law of palatalization of the sonorat phoneme /m/, which hardness / softness becomes soft /m'/ in the Modern Korean language; 2) the law of articulation while pronouncing the palatalized consonants; 3) the law of harmony of vowels; 4) the law of prosody, in particular the presence of a long tone and force accent; the Japanese language: 1) the law of articulation, while pronouncing the velar consonants; 2) the law of the morphemic structure of words, in particular the law of the mora as a special unit of the Japanese language, which is absent in the composite languages, as well as the law of open composition.The comparison of the semantic structure of genetic matches has shown that the meaning of “forest” is common to the Korean *mōi(h), *mòró “1) mountain; 2) forest” and Japanese *mǝ́rí “forest” that reach the Altaic *mōr[u] “tree, forest”. Its choice is associated with the archeological culture of the Huns on the system of homebuilding and heating.

scholarly journals STRUKTUR SEMANTIS VERBA ‘NAIK’ DALAM BAHASA JEPANG

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 156
Author(s):  
Made Henra Dwikarmawan Sudipa ◽  
I Ketut Darma Laksana ◽  
I Made Rajeg
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Language ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Newspaper Article ◽  
Note Taking ◽  
Distribution Method ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Observation Method

This article focuses in analyzing the semantic structure of ‘go up’ verb in Japanese language. The data was collected from newspaper article from website asahi.com by observation method and note-taking techniques. The data was analyzed using distribution method. Distribution method was used to analyze semantic structure by using Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM) theory developed by Goddard and Wierzbicka (2014). The results shows that ‘go up’ verb in Japanese Language consists of verb noru, noboru, and agaru. Each verb had distinctive features that differentiate one verb to the others.  

Origins of the Japanese Language

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Vovin
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Relationship ◽  
Korean Peninsula ◽  
Northeast Asia ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Common Origin ◽  
Japanese Language ◽  
Language Family ◽  
The Real ◽  
Virtual Absence ◽  
Major Exception

The Northeast Asia is one of the unique points on the globe where there are many language isolates and portmanteau families. From a conservative point of view, the Japanese language is a member of such a portmanteau family that has recently and increasingly been called Japonic in the Western literature. While Japanese is unquestionably a member of this Japonic language family, which consists of two Japanese languages (Japanese itself and the moribund Hachijō language) and four or five relatively closely related Ryūkyūan languages (Amami, Okinawan, Miyako, Yaeyama, and possibly Yonaguni), attempts have also been made to establish a genetic relationship between Japanese and various other language families. Most of these attempts have been amateurish, a major exception being the Koreo-Japonic hypothesis, which still remains unproven as well. It is also quite likely that the Japonic language family (or, more precisely, Insular Japonic) is the only linguistic grouping whose genetic relationship can be established beyond any doubt. A genetic relationship is also likely to exist between Japonic and a number of fragmentarily attested languages that once flourished in the south and center of the Korean Peninsula, but that died out no later than 9th century A.D. The paucity of material available does not allow one to establish solid predictive-productive regular correspondences in many cases, but intuitively the genetic relationship seems to be a matter of fact. Anything beyond intuition, however, lies in the realm of conjecture and speculation. The alleged Koreo-Japonic relationship is best explained by a centuries-long contact relationship rather than by common origin, given such factors as the virtual absence of any kind of shared paradigmatic morphology, as well as by multiple problems in establishing the real (and not imaginable or made-to-fit) regular correspondences. The Japanese-“Altaic” hypothesis is even more speculative and far-fetched. Consequently, the conclusion is that the Japanese language or the Japonic language family has no demonstrable relationship with any other language family or language isolate on the planet.

CATECHONS IN SOCIO-ONOMASTIC DIMENSION

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-28
Author(s):  
D. O. Honcharenko
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Research ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Functional Specificity ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
The Law ◽  
Totalitarian Regimes ◽  
Derivation Process ◽  
Masculine Gender

he article raises the question of necessity of normalization and standardization newly formed catechons in lexicographical aspect. A typical word- forming paradigm of catechons that appeared in Ukrainian onomasticon after 2015 is analysed. The attention is concentrated on word-forming ability of catechons and their lexical-semantic structure. The relevance of the study of catechonyms is indicated, first of all, by extra-lingual (socio-political and socio-cultural) factors. One of the impetus for the intensification of scientific research related to cateconomy was the Law of Ukraine «On Condemnation Communist and Nazi Totalitarian Regimes and Prohibiting the Propagation of Their Symbolism». The derivation process can be accompanied by morphonological processes: alternation, truncation, alternation with truncation. The typical word-forming paradigm of catechons has the following structure: the original forming basis (necessarily correlated with the catechon’s oikonym) – an appellative of masculine motivated by an oikononym (formed with the help of specific word-forming formants with the semantics «masculineterritorial personality»), an appellative of female corresponding to the appellative of the masculine gender, which in turn is defined by the forming noun (using word-forming formants with semantics, «female gender related to male territorial personality») – appellative in plural, also formed from the masculine appellative with the help of forming formants with the semantics» name of persons by territorial feature». The choice of the required cathomonetary suffix depends on such extralingual factors as the attraction to the euphony, the conscious return to the specific Ukrainian wording formulations, as well as intralingual – structural, semantic and functional specificity of the word-forming oiconym.

Analysis of Language Errors in Speakers Who Are Bilingual Under Quiet and Background Noise Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1687-1697
Author(s):  
Bruna A. Barbosa ◽  
D'Jaris Coles-White ◽  
Darah Regal ◽  
Jimmy Kijai
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Background Noise ◽  
Classroom Instruction ◽  
First Language ◽  
Bilingual Students ◽  
Korean Language ◽  
Bilingual Speakers ◽  
Language Groups ◽  
Language Analysis ◽  
Younger Age

Purpose This study discusses the ways in which the presence of background noise may adversely affect bilingual students' ability to repeat speech, specifically, whether the presence of background noise increases lexical, grammatical, omission, and other errors on the AzBio Sentence Test. Method Participants consisted of 15 monolingual English (first language) speakers and 41 bilingual (second language [L2]) speakers from Spanish, Portuguese, and Korean language groups, ranging from students who learned English after the age of 4 years to adulthood. Participants completed the AzBio Sentence Test in both quiet and background noise environments. A language analysis was conducted, and errors were classified under categories of lexical, grammatical, omissions, and other. Results The results of this study show that L2 speakers made more lexical, grammatical, omissions, and other errors than first language speakers on the AzBio Sentence Test. In background noise, all bilingual language groups made more errors than monolinguals. Portuguese speakers notably made more omissions than other language groups. This study also shows that participants who were introduced to English at a younger age made fewer errors. Conclusions In conclusion, our results corroborate previous research, indicating that bilingual speakers have more difficulty accurately interpreting speech in the presence of background noise. These findings have implications for classroom instruction considering the statistically higher percentage of omissions made by L2 speakers.

scholarly journals Typology Lexical Verb 'To Use' in Japan: Natural Semantics Metalanguage Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 176
Author(s):  
Ni Made Wiriani
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Semantic Theory ◽  
The State ◽  
Japanese Language ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Japanese Study ◽  
Specific Objective ◽  
Verb Meaning ◽  
Descriptive Method

This study entitled Typology of Lexical Verb 'Use' In Japanese: Study of Natural Semantic Metalanguage. The research objective is to understand verb ‘use’ of the Japanese language. The specific objective is to describe forms, structures, and to avoid the meaning of swirling. Analysis using Semantic Theory of Natural Metalanguage (MSA) which is pioneered by Wierzbicka (1996). To analyze the data the author uses a descriptive method, that describe the elements used by default lexical verb ‘meaning'. Then the mapping exponent through explication by using a paraphrase. Data were analyzed semantic structure. Ways of presenting the data analysis using informal methods, namely the use of words. 14 types of the Japanese verb have the meaning of 'use, ' i.e., kaburu, maku, haku, hameru, shimeru, sauces, kiru, Kakeru, tsukeru, tsukau, mochiiru, shiyo suru, suru riyou, chakuyo suru, which is often found in the books of Japanese. This study has given a clear enough picture of the technical explication of the state of one form or lexicon to one meaning and one meaning for one form or lexicon.

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