scholarly journals Histochemical characteristics of nitrergic neuronal system during acute alcohol intoxication and nNOS blockage in the rat lateral septum

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-375
Author(s):  
O. V. Chaikovska ◽  
O. V. Dovhan ◽  
I. L. Rokunets ◽  
V. M. Nechiporuk ◽  
O. V. Vlasenko
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Alcohol Addiction ◽  
Lateral Septum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Neuronal System ◽  
Acute Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Addiction Therapy

Annotation. Alcohol is a one of the most frequently consumed substances of abuse, which can cause addiction or alcohol use disorders (AUDs). Alcohol addiction leads to decrease of the life quality of patients and considerable economic burden. Neuronal mechanisms of addiction are intensively studied. One of the most important systems involved in this process is a brain reward system that includes lateral septum (LS). Additionally alcohol consumption changes activity of the neurotransmitter systems including the nitric oxide (NO). Recent studies for blockage of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) for cocaine addiction and late stages of AUDs demonstrated that a group of the substances known as blockers of NOS can be referred to as candidates for alcohol addiction therapy. The aim of our research was to investigate histochemical characteristics of NO-system in LS, its response to acute alcohol intoxication including or excluding neuronal NOS (nNOS) blockage with selective inhibitor – 7-nitroindazole (7-NI). This study involved three experimental groups of animals (control group (n=4), group with acute alcohol intoxication (n=4), group of nNOS blockage with acute alcohol intoxication (n=4)). For statistical analysis, one-way Kruskal-Wallis test was implemented to reveal differences between groups (Matlab, Mathworks). We have identified NOS-positive structures in LS consisting of big neurons, medium/small neurons and nerve fibers. Acute alcohol intoxication activated subpopulations of NOS-positive medium/small neurons and nerve fibers. Moreover, we determined that ethanol-induced changes can be blocked with selective nNOS inhibitor 7-NI.

VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR AND MYOCARDIAL ELECTRICAL INHOMOGENEITY IN ALCOHOL-DEPENDENT YOUNG PEOPLE

2020 ◽  
pp. 51-60
Author(s):  
V.I. Ruzov ◽  
P.V. Belogubov ◽  
A.A. Butov ◽  
V.G. Burmistrova ◽  
R.R. Sharafutdinova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Acute Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Withdrawal Period ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
Interval Dispersion ◽  
Alcohol Dependent

The aim of the study is to examine the relationship between the serum concentration of vascular endothelial growth factor and myocardial electrical inhomogeneity in alcohol-dependent young patients. Materials and Methods. The study enrolled 60 patients: 30 men (37.23±4.38 years old) and 30 women (35.97±4.60 years old). During hospitalization all patients were diagnosed with acute alcohol intoxication and alcohol dependence syndrome of the second stage. The control group consisted of healthy individuals: 15 men (34.20±6.33 years old) and 15 women (32.86±6.88 years old). Q-Td interval dispersion was assessed using a high-resolution ECG device “Poly-Spectrum 8/EX” (Russia) in 12 standard leads. The ethanol concentration in the blood was determined with Agilent 6850 (USA). Serum concentration of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was assessed in blood serum using a set of Vector-Best reagents (Russia) on an immunoassay analyzer Hospitex diagnostics Plate Screen (Italy). Results. During acute alcohol intoxication, gender differences were characterized by a higher frequency of Q-Td occurrence (>50 ms) in men, if compared with women. The changes in the frequency of Q-Td pathological dispersion in the withdrawal period were unidirectional and they were characterized by an increase in both men and women, with some predominance among men. The indicator values of myocardial electrical inhomogeneity in both acute and withdrawal periods were higher in men. Significant differences in the electrophysiological parameters of the heart and serum VEGF concentration were revealed in examined patients and in the control group. These parameters increased in alcohol-dependent individuals. The withdrawal period was accompanied by negative dynamics of Q-Td interval dispersion increase in men and women. At the same time, the severity of the changes was significantly higher in women than in men. Conclusion. The maximum alcohol-induced increase in VEGF concentration was observed during the period of acute intoxication. An increase in serum VEGF concentration was associated with myocardial electrical inhomogeneity. Keywords: VEGF, QT-d interval dispersion, QT interval, QTc interval, alcohol dependence. Цель – изучить связь сывороточной концентрации сосудисто-эндотелиального фактора роста с электрической негомогенностью миокарда у алкогользависимых пациентов молодого возраста. Материалы и методы. Обследовано 60 пациентов: 30 мужчин (средний возраст – 37,23±4,38 года) и 30 женщин (35,97±4,60 года), у которых на момент поступления в стационар была диагностирована острая интоксикация алкоголем и синдром алкогольной зависимости второй стадии. Контрольную группу составили здоровые лица: 15 мужчин (34,20±6,33 года) и 15 женщин (32,86±6,88 года). Оценка дисперсии интервала Q-Td проводилась на аппарате ЭКГ высокого разрешения «Поли-Спектр 8/ЕХ» (Россия) в 12 стандартных отведениях. Концентрация этанола в крови определялась хромографом Agilent 6850 (США). Сывороточная концентрация фактора сосудисто-эндотелиального роста (VEGF) оценивалась в сыворотке крови набором реактивов «Вектор-Бест» (Россия) на иммуноферментном анализаторе Hospitex diagnostics Plate Screen (Италия). Результаты. В период острой алкогольной интоксикации гендерные различия характеризовались большей частотой встречаемости показателя Q-Td>50 мс у мужчин по сравнению с женщинами. Динамика изменений частоты патологической дисперсии Q-Td в абстинентный период была однонаправленной и характеризовалась ее увеличением у мужчин и женщин с некоторым преобладанием среди мужчин. Значения показателей электрической негомогенности миокарда как в острый, так и в абстинентный периоды были выше у мужчин. Выявлены достоверные различия по электрофизиологическим параметрам сердца и сывороточной концентрации VEGF между обследуемыми пациентами и контрольной группой в сторону возрастания их у алкогользависимых лиц. Абстинентный период сопровождался негативной динамикой в виде увеличения дисперсии интервала Q-Td у мужчин и женщин. При этом выраженность изменений была достоверно выше у женщин по сравнению с мужчинами. Выводы. Максимальное алкогольиндуцированное повышение концентрации VEGF наблюдается в период острой интоксикации. Повышение сывороточной концентрации VEGF сопряжено с электрической негомогенностью миокарда. Ключевые слова: VEGF, дисперсия интервала QT-d, интервал QT, интервал QTс, алкогольная зависимость.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF PURWOCENG EXTRACT ON THE EXPRESSION OF NITRIC OXIDE NEURONAL SYNTHASE IN PENILE TISSUE OF WHITE MALE RATTUS NOVERGICUS

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Gede Andre Arda Pratama ◽  
H R Danarto
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
White Male ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Smooth Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Treatment Groups

Objective: To know the effect of purwoceng extract (Pimpinella alpine) on the expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in the penile tissue of white male rats (Rattus novergicus) through immunohistochemical examination. Material & Methods: Animal experiments consisted of 27 male rats, three months of age with a mean body weight of approximately 200 grams were divided into three groups randomly, one group consisted of 10 rats. Treatment 1 rats receive Pimpinella alpina extract with 50 mg/ml, Treatment 2 rats receive Pimpinella alpina extract with 100 mg/ml. In the control group rats receive aquadest as much as 1 ml. Results: In the control group the average is 75.67, in the treatment group 1 is 113, and in group 2 is 181.44. The difference in treatment between groups was performed using one-way ANOVA test. Between control and treatment groups 1 the different is significant with p value of 0.013 (p<0.05). The mean expression of nNOS between treatment groups 1 and 2 differ significantly with p=0.00 (p<0.05). Conclusion: Purwoceng extract (Pimpinella alpine) can increase the expression of nNOS on NANC nerve fibers (nonadrenergic noncholinergic) in the corpora cavernosa of the penis that causes smooth muscle relaxation in penile erection.

scholarly journals Effect of acute alcohol intoxication on scale-free neural activity in the lateral septum in rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-407
Author(s):  
O. V. Chaikovska
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Field Potential ◽  
Lateral Septum ◽  
Acute Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Scale Free ◽  
Neural Noise ◽  
Potential Signal ◽  
Free Activity

Electrophysiological recordings of brain activity show both oscillatory dynamics that typically are analyzed in the time-frequency domain to describe brain oscillatory phenomena and scale-free arrhythmic activity defined as neural noise. Recent studies consider this arrhythmic fractal dynamics of neural noise as a sensitive biomarker of a number of cognitive processes, activity of neurotransmitter systems, changes that accompany neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders including alcohol use disorder. We tested the changes in neural noise induced by acute alcohol intoxication in the lateral septum for the entire spectrum (1–200 Hz) of local field potential signal and for frequency specific ranges (delta, theta, beta, gamma and epsilon bands). Five male Wistar rats were implanted with intracranial electrodes and local field potential signal was measured for baseline activity and activity induced by acute ethanol intoxication (2 g/kg). Change in neural noise dynamics was assessed as a change in the slope of linear regression fit of power spectral density curves in double logarithmic scale. In our study alcohol resulted in lower incline of scale-free activity in the lateral septum for high frequency range and for the whole spectrum, which is interpreted generally as increase in neural noise and change in neuronal processing in a more stochastic way initiated by the acute alcohol intoxication. At the same time, we observed decrease in neural noise for low frequency range. The observed changes may be related to the shift of the excitatory-inhibitory balance towards inhibition and changes in neurotransmission mostly in the GABAergic system. Scale-free activity was sensitive in the conditions of acute alcohol intoxication, therefore to understand its role in alcohol use disorder we need more data and studies on the underlying processes. Future studies should include simultaneous recordings and analysis of arrhythmic dynamics with the oscillatory and multiunit spiking activity in the lateral septum. It can reveal the contribution of different-scale processes in changes driven by acute alcohol intoxication and clarify the specific electrophysiological mechanisms.

THE INFLUENCE OF VITAMIN C ON EOSINOPHIL RESPONSE TO ACUTE ALCOHOL INTOXICATION IN RATS

1960 ◽  
Vol XXXV (IV) ◽  
pp. 585-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. P. J. Vanha-Perttula
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Ethyl Alcohol ◽  
Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Acute Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Alcohol Administration ◽  
Initial Values

ABSTRACT The effect of ethyl alcohol on the circulating eosinophil cells has been studied in female albino rats. An intoxicating dose of alcohol caused a marked depletion of circulating eosinophils which was most clearly evident four hours after the administration of the alcohol. The initial values were not reached before 24 hours had elapsed. Intraperitoneal injection of vitamin C 12 hours prior to the alcohol administration very effectively prevented this eosinopenic reaction. The mechanism of regulation of the eosinophil cells in the circulation has been discussed in the light of previous results and of those obtained in this study.

Investigation of Oral Subacute Toxicity and In-Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Standardized Methanolic Extract of Quercus serrata Leaves

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maibam Beebina Chanu ◽  
Biseshwori Thongam ◽  
Khumukcham Nongalleima ◽  
Hans Raj Bhat ◽  
Surajit Kumar Ghosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Quercus Serrata ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
Toxicological Profile

Background: Quercus serrata Murray leaves have been used traditionally in the treatment of diabetes, dysmenorrhoea, inflammation and urinary tract infection. So, far no study had been reported on the toxicological profile and antioxidant properties of the plant. Objective: The present study was aimed to investigate the in-vivo toxicological profile and in-vitro antioxidant activities of the methanolic extract of standardized Quercus serrata leaves. Methods: Per-oral sub-acute toxicity study was performed in rats using three dose levels (200, 400 and 800 mg/kg b.w.) of the extract for 28-days. Control group received gum acacia suspended in water. Bodyweight was measured weekly. Biochemical parameters were analysed using the serum, the blood-cell count was done using whole blood. Pathological changes were also checked in highly perfused tissues. Further, in-vitro reducing power assay, nitric oxide scavenging assay, DPPH free-radical scavenging assay were performed to check the antioxidant activity of the extract. Results: There were no significant alterations in the blood-cell count and biochemical parameters analysed in the treatment group when compared with the normal control. Histopathology study of liver, kidney, pancreas, heart and brain revealed normal cellular architecture in the treatment groups alike the control group animals. Quercus serrata also showed a significant reduction of DPPH with IC50 4.48±0.254 µg/mL, in-vitro reducing power activity with IC50121.65±0.320 µg/mL and nitric oxide scavenging activity IC50 106.43±0.338 µg/mL. Conclusion: The above study showed that standardized methanolic extract of Quercus serrata leaves was safe after subacute oral administration in rats and has good antioxidant potential.

scholarly journals Arginase Isoform Expression in Chronic Rhinosinusitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Vlad ◽  
Silviu Albu
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Endoscopic View ◽  
Important Regulator ◽  
Arginase I

Nitric oxide (NO) has emerged as an important regulator of upper airway inflammation, mainly as part of the local naso-sinusal defense mechanisms. Increased arginase activity can reduce NO levels by decreasing the availability of its precursor, L-arginine. Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) has been associated with low levels of nasal nitric oxide (nNO). Thus, the present study investigates the activity of arginase I (ARG1) and II (ARG2) in CRS and its possible involvement in the pathogenesis of this disease. Under endoscopic view, tissue samples of pathologic (n = 36) and normal (n = 29) rhinosinusal mucosa were collected. Arginase I and II mRNA levels were measured using real-time PCR. Our results showed low arginase I activity in all samples. The levels of ARG2 were significantly higher in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis compared to the control group (fold regulation (FR) 2.22 ± 0.42 vs. 1.31 ± 0.21, p = 0.016). Increased ARG2 expression was found in patients with CRS without nasal polyposis (FR 3.14 ± 1.16 vs. 1.31 ± 0.21, p = 0.0175), in non-allergic CRS (FR 2.55 ± 0.52 vs. 1.31 ± 0.21, p = 0.005), and non-asthmatic CRS (FR 2.42 ± 0.57 vs. 1.31 ± 0.21, p = 0.028). These findings suggest that the upregulation of ARG2 may play a role in the pathology of a distinctive phenotype of CRS.

scholarly journals Genotoxic and oxidative effect of duloxetine on mouse brain and liver tissues

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isela Álvarez-González ◽  
Scarlett Camacho-Cantera ◽  
Patricia Gómez-González ◽  
Michael J. Rendón Barrón ◽  
José A. Morales-González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Mouse Brain ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Dna Oxidation ◽  
Methyl Methanesulfonate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oxidative Potential ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Oxidative Effect

AbstractWe evaluated the duloxetine DNA damaging capacity utilizing the comet assay applied to mouse brain and liver cells, as well as its DNA, lipid, protein, and nitric oxide oxidative potential in the same cells. A kinetic time/dose strategy showed the effect of 2, 20, and 200 mg/kg of the drug administered intraperitoneally once in comparison with a control and a methyl methanesulfonate group. Each parameter was evaluated at 3, 9, 15, and 21 h postadministration in five mice per group, except for the DNA oxidation that was examined only at 9 h postadministration. Results showed a significant DNA damage mainly at 9 h postexposure in both organs. In the brain, with 20 and 200 mg/kg we found 50 and 80% increase over the control group (p ≤ 0.05), in the liver, the increase of 2, 20, and 200 mg/kg of duloxetine was 50, 80, and 135% in comparison with the control level (p ≤ 0.05). DNA, lipid, protein and nitric oxide oxidation increase was also observed in both organs. Our data established the DNA damaging capacity of duloxetine even with a dose from the therapeutic range (2 mg/kg), and suggest that this effect can be related with its oxidative potential.

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