Тhе features of a personalized approach to the treatment of cardiovascular diseases during pregnancy

Annotation. For the cases of cardiovascular pathology during pregnancy include hypertensive disorders, hypercholesterolemia, myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathy, arrhythmias, valve disease, thromboembolic diseases, aortic disease and cerebrovascular pathology. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death from pregnancy in the world. Raising maternal age and comorbid diseases contribute to increased maternal mortality, also. When searching for literature, we used Medline systems from PubMed (2011). The search was adapted for Embase (2015 - 2021) and Scopus (2017 - 2021). Inclusion criteria were as follows: the impact of diseases of the cardiovascular system on pregnancy; the impact of pregnancy on the course of cardiovascular disease; features of diagnosis and prevention of women with CVD at the stage of preconception and during pregnancy; safety of drugs for the treatment of cardiovascular pathology during pregnancy; choice of drugs to prevent perinatal pathology in women with CVD; features of antenatal observation in CVD. We excluded from the study: references to 2011 (more than 10 years); not English; all methods that were not directly related to the pathology of the cardiovascular system during pregnancy; concomitant diseases that can lead to aggravation of pregnancy; animal studies. As a result, 76 studies were identified that were subject to final inclusion in the systematic review. Analysis of the identified literature sources showed that the preconception reproductive strategy to be developed by a multidisciplinary cardio-obstetric team is becoming important for women with a history of cardiovascular disease or for those with a history of familial preeclampsia. Cardio-obstetrics has become as an important multidisciplinary industry that requires a team approach to optimizing the clinical management of cardiovascular disease during pregnancy. Timely involvement of the cardio-obstetric group is crucial to prevent maternal morbidity and mortality during pregnancy and 1 year after delivery. A general understanding of the importance of the impact of cardiovascular disease on pregnancy and the impact of pregnancy on existing CVD should be a basic area of expertise for family medicine professionals, cardiologists, obstetricians and gynecologists. The given scientific and clinical review of sources of evidence-based medicine contains certain features of predictor diagnosis, prevention and treatment of manifested forms of cardiovascular diseases during pregnancy.

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CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN COVID-19 PATIENTS. PART 1.

Journal of the Grodno State Medical University ◽

10.25298/2221-8785-2020-18-6-643-647 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (6) ◽

pp. 643-647

Author(s):

V. S. Holyshko ◽

◽

V. A. Snezhitskiy ◽

N. V. Matsiyeuskaya ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Cardiovascular System ◽

Critically Ill Patients ◽

Medical Problem ◽

Adverse Outcomes ◽

The Other ◽

Cardiovascular Pathology ◽

Cardiovascular Damage ◽

The One ◽

The Impact

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 is the greatest medical problem of our time. The presence of concomitant cardiovascular pathology in a patient predisposes to a severe course and the formation of adverse outcomes of COVID-19. It is currently known that SARS-CoV-2 infection leads, on the one hand, to exacerbation and decompensation of the patient's cardiovascular disease, on the other hand, it is the origin of acute cardiovascular pathology. Understanding the impact of COVID-19 on the cardiovascular system is essential for providing comprehensive care to critically ill patients. In this review, we summarize the rapidly changing data on cardiovascular damage associated with COVID-19.

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Dietary flaxseed: what we know and don’t know about its effects on cardiovascular disease

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1139/cjpp-2018-0547 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (2) ◽

pp. 75-81 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Mihir Parikh ◽

Grant N. Pierce

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Cardiovascular System ◽

Animal Studies ◽

Unique Combination ◽

Bioactive Components ◽

Know How ◽

Human Trials ◽

System A ◽

Whole Seed ◽

The Impact

Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) is composed of a unique combination of bioactive components that appear to generate, through either an isolated or a synergistic action, a significant beneficial effect on the cardiovascular system. With a significant increase in the generation of data on the dietary impact of flaxseed on the cardiovascular system, a review of where we stand — what we know and what we still need to understand about these effects on the heart and the vasculature — was thought to be of value and the rationale for this paper. For example, although we now know how to deliver the bioactives most efficiently (oil versus ground seed versus whole seed), we do not know how different foods can influence that delivery. Further, we know flaxseed has anti-arrhythmic, anti-atherogenic, anti-hypertensive, and cholesterol-lowering actions in animal studies and some selected human trials but much more needs to be learned, particularly in human trials. These results have justified further commitment of resources to the initiation of human trials. Because of the impact of nutrition on many chronic diseases, this may not only be true for the effects of flaxseed on cardiovascular disease but may be just as relevant for many other disease conditions.

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CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN COVID-19 PATIENTS. PART 2.

Journal of the Grodno State Medical University ◽

10.25298/2221-8785-2021-19-1-5-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 5-9

Author(s):

V. S. Holyshko ◽

◽

V. A. Snezhitskiy ◽

N. V. Matsiyeuskaya ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Cardiovascular System ◽

Critically Ill Patients ◽

Medical Problem ◽

Adverse Outcomes ◽

The Other ◽

Cardiovascular Pathology ◽

Cardiovascular Damage ◽

The One ◽

The Impact

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 is the greatest medical problem of our time. The presence of concomitant cardiovascular pathology (CVD) in a patient predisposes to a severe course and the formation of adverse outcomes of COVID-19. It is currently known that SARS-CoV-2 infection leads, on the one hand, to exacerbation and decompensation of the patient's CVD, and, on the other hand, it is the origin of acute CVD. Understanding the impact of COVID-19 on the cardiovascular system is essential to provide comprehensive care for critically ill patients. In this review, we summarize the rapidly changing data on cardiovascular damage associated with COVID-19.

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IDENTIFICATION AND ASSESSMENT OF RISK FACTORS ROLE IN MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION DEVELOPMENT

Wiadomości Lekarskie ◽

10.36740/wlek201905111 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 72 (5) ◽

pp. 779-783

Author(s):

Victor A. Ognev ◽

Anna A. Podpriadova ◽

Anna V. Lisova

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Cardiovascular System ◽

Control Group ◽

Biological Factors ◽

Prevention And Treatment ◽

High Level ◽

Social Importance ◽

The Impact

Introduction:The high level of morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease is largely due toinsufficient influence on the main risk factors that contribute to the development of myocardial infarction.Therefore, a detailed study and assessment of risk factors is among the most important problems of medical and social importance. The aim: To study and evaluate the impact of biological, social and hygienic, social and economic, psychological, natural and climatic risk factors on the development of myocardial infarction. Materials and methods: A sociological survey was conducted in 500 people aged 34 to 85. They were divided into two groups. The main group consisted of 310 patients with myocardial infarction. The control group consisted of 190 practically healthy people, identical by age, gender and other parameters, without diseases of the cardiovascular system. Results: It was defined that 30 factors have a significant impact on the development of myocardial infarction.Data analysis revealed that the leading risk factors for myocardial infarction were biological and socio-hygienic. The main biological factors were: hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. The man socio-hygienic factor was smoking. Conclusions: Identification of risk factors provides new opportunities for the development of more effective approaches for the prevention and treatment of myocardial infarction.

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Cellular and molecular effects of mechanical stretch on vascular cells and cardiac myocytes

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs20080163 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 116 (5) ◽

pp. 377-389 ◽

Cited By ~ 83

Author(s):

Kou-Gi Shyu

Keyword(s):

Shear Stress ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Cardiovascular System ◽

Cardiac Myocytes ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Atherosclerotic Lesion ◽

Mechanical Stretch ◽

Vascular Cells ◽

Molecular Effects ◽

The Impact

Cells in the cardiovascular system are permanently subjected to mechanical forces due to the pulsatile nature of blood flow and shear stress, created by the beating heart. These haemodynamic forces play an important role in the regulation of vascular development, remodelling, wound healing and atherosclerotic lesion formation. Mechanical stretch can modulate several different cellular functions in VSMCs (vascular smooth muscle cells). These functions include, but are not limited to, cell alignment and differentiation, migration, survival or apoptosis, vascular remodelling, and autocrine and paracrine functions. Laminar shear stress exerts anti-apoptotic, anti-atherosclerotic and antithrombotic effects on ECs (endothelial cells). Mechanical stretch of cardiac myocytes can modulate growth, apoptosis, electric remodelling, alterations in gene expression, and autocrine and paracrine effects. The aim of the present review is primarily to summarize the cellular and molecular effects of mechanical stretch on vascular cells and cardiac myocytes, emphasizing the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation. Knowledge of the impact of mechanical stretch on the cardiovascular system is vital to the understanding of the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, and is also crucial to provide new insights into the prevention and therapy of cardiovascular diseases.

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Selected Sex Related Differences in Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular System

Physiological Research ◽

10.33549/physiolres.934068 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 21-31 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

O. KITTNAR

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Cardiovascular System ◽

Steroid Hormones ◽

Sex Hormones ◽

Peripheral Resistance ◽

Sex Steroid Hormones ◽

Sex Steroid ◽

Plasma Norepinephrine ◽

Arterial Blood

The annual incidence of cardiovascular diseases is age-dependently increasing both in men and women, however, the prevalence is higher in men until midlife. The higher incidence of cardiovascular disease in men than in women of similar age, and the menopause-associated increase in cardiovascular disease in women, has led to speculation that gender-related differences in sex hormones might have a key role in the development and evolution of cardiovascular disease. There are several suggested pathways in which gender and sex hormones can affect human cardiovascular system to produce original sexually different pathophysiology between women and men. Sex steroid hormones and their receptors are critical determinants of cardiovascular gender differences. Also arterial blood pressure is typically lower in women than in men what could be explained particularly by greater synthesis of nitric oxide (NO) in women. Female cardiomyocytes have a greater survival advantage when challenged with oxidative stress, suggesting that female hormones may play an important role in antioxidative protection of myocardium. It was also demonstrated in animal models that combination of XX chromosomes versus an XY chromosomes enhances sex differences in higher HDL cholesterol. Women were found to have reduced sympathetic activity (reflected by lower total peripheral resistance) and pulmonary artery pressure and enhanced parasympathetic activity relative to men. Similarly, men were found to have higher plasma norepinephrine levels than women. Regarding differences between the sexes in electrophysiology of the heart, two principle mechanisms have been proposed to explain them: hormonal effects on the expression or function of ion channels or, conversely, differences in autonomic tone. To improve diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, greater focus on understanding the molecular and cellular physiology of the sex steroid hormones and their receptors in the cardiovascular system will be required.

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Testosterone and Cardiovascular Disease

The Open Cardiovascular Medicine Journal ◽

10.2174/1874192401610010001 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Amos Tambo ◽

Mohsin H.K. Roshan ◽

Nikolai P. Pace

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Cardiovascular System ◽

Reproductive Biology ◽

Critical Role ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Modifiable Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Pathology ◽

Emerging Risk ◽

Health And Disease

Cardiovascular disease [CVD] is a leading cause of mortality accounting for a global incidence of over 31%. Atherosclerosis is the primary pathophysiology underpinning most types of CVD. Historically, modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors were suggested to precipitate CVD. Recently, epidemiological studies have identified emerging risk factors including hypotestosteronaemia, which have been associated with CVD. Previously considered in the realms of reproductive biology, testosterone is now believed to play a critical role in the cardiovascular system in health and disease. The actions of testosterone as they relate to the cardiac vasculature and its implication in cardiovascular pathology is reviewed.

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Assessment of the relationship of exacerbations of diseases of the cardiovascular system with the meteorological situation

Hygiene and Sanitation ◽

10.47470/0016-9900-2021-100-12-1350-1358 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 100 (12) ◽

pp. 1350-1358

Author(s):

Natalia M. Kolyagina ◽

Tat'jana A. Berezhnova ◽

Nikolaj P. Mamchik ◽

Oleg V. Klepikov ◽

Sergej A. Yeprintsev

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Medical Care ◽

Cardiovascular System ◽

Atmospheric Pressure ◽

Meteorological Factors ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Medical Assistance ◽

Meteorological Situation ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

Introduction. The impact of weather factors on the occurrence of exacerbations of diseases in meteodependent people is currently one of the actively studied problems of medicine. The aim of the study was to identify the relationship between exacerbations of diseases of the cardiovascular system with the meteorological situation to substantiate the need for preventive and informational work with meteodependent patients. Material and research methods. The study used daily data on the number of patients with cardiovascular diseases seeking medical care at Voronezh City Polyclinic No. 18 and daily information on weather conditions for 2018. The ratio of the average number of cases of medical assistance requests on days unfavourable for meteorological factors to the average number of cases of medical assistance requests per day during the year was calculated. Using software (Statistica Base V6.1), a correlation analysis of the relationship between the number of medical requests and meteorological factors was carried out. Results. It has been established that the appealability of patients with cardiovascular diseases for medical care on days unfavourable for meteorological factors is 1.1-2.0 times higher than the average annual indicator. The most informative characteristic of the six meteorological indicators taken into account in the study (average daily, minimum, maximum ambient air temperature; temperature drops by more than eight °C per day; atmospheric pressure; atmospheric pressure drops by 12 mm Hg per day or more) is a sharp drop in atmospheric pressure during the day, with which statistically significant (p <0.05) correlates the number of cases of patients with cardiovascular diseases seeking medical help. Conclusion. In medical institutions providing primary health care, it is advisable to single out separate groups of patients with meteorological dependence for dynamic observation and conduct information work with them to mitigate the severity of the course of diseases of the cardiovascular system on days unfavourable according to meteorological indicators.

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Risk factors for cardiovascular disease

10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0086 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Amitava Banerjee ◽

Kaleab Asrress

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Family History ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Epidemiologic Studies ◽

Individual Factors ◽

History Of ◽

Novel Risk Factors ◽

Traditional Risk Factors

The most prevalent cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are atherosclerotic, affecting all arterial territories. Epidemiologic studies such as the Framingham and INTERHEART studies have firmly established the commonest or ‘traditional’ risk factors for CVD; namely, smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolaemia, and a family history of CVD. The ‘risk-factors approach’ to CVD looks at these factors, individually and in combination, in the causation of disease. The complex causation pathways involve interplay of individual factors, whether genetic or environmental. More recently, there has been increasing interest in ‘epigenetics’ or the way in which the environment interacts with genes in the process underlying CVD. This chapter presents an analysis of the traditional and novel risk factors for CVD.

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Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Circulating Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress: A Cross-Sectional Study

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox9060476 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 476

Author(s):

Bernardo U. Peres ◽

AJ Hirsch Allen ◽

Aditi Shah ◽

Nurit Fox ◽

Ismail Laher ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽

Sleep Apnea ◽

Intermittent Hypoxia ◽

Smoking History ◽

Obstructive Sleep ◽

History Of ◽

Statin Usage ◽

The Impact

Oxidative stress (OS) drives cardiometabolic diseases. Intermittent hypoxia consistently increases oxidative stress markers. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients experience intermittent hypoxia and an increased rate of cardiovascular disease, however, the impact of OSA on OS markers is not clear. The objective was to assess relationships between OSA severity and biomarker levels. Patients with suspected OSA referred for a polysomnogram (PSG) provided fasting blood sample. Plasma levels of 8-isoprostane, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured. The relationship between OSA and OS was assessed both before and after controlling for confounders (age, sex, smoking history, history of cardiovascular disease, ethnicity, diabetes, statin usage, body mass index (BMI)). 402 patients were studied (68% male, mean age ± SD = 50.8 ± 11.8 years, apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) = 22.2 ± 21.6 events/hour, BMI = 31.62 ± 6.49 kg/m2). In a multivariable regression, the AHI significantly predicted 8-isoprostane levels (p = 0.0008) together with age and statin usage; AHI was not a predictor of 8-OHdG or SOD. Female sex (p < 0.0001) and no previous history of cardiovascular disease (p = 0.002) were associated with increased antioxidant capacity. Circulating 8-isoprostane levels may be a promising biomarker of the severity of oxidative stress in OSA patients. Prospective studies are needed to determine whether this biomarker is associated with long-term cardiometabolic complications in OSA.

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