Critical Review of Expert System Validation in Transportation

1997 ◽  
Vol 1588 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary S. Spring
Keyword(s):  
Expert System ◽  
Expert Systems ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Performance Levels ◽  
System Validation ◽  
Overall Evaluation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Made In

Expert system validation—that is, testing systems to ascertain whether they achieve acceptable performance levels—has with few exceptions been ad hoc, informal, and of dubious value. Very few efforts have been made in this regard in the transportation area. A discussion of the major issues involved in validating expert systems is provided, as is a review of the work that has been done in this area. The review includes a definition of validation within the context of the overall evaluation process, descriptions and critiques of several approaches to validation, and descriptions of guidelines that have been developed for this purpose.

Types of control structure in expert systems

1987 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-135
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre Laurent
Keyword(s):  
Expert System ◽  
Expert Systems ◽  
Control Structure ◽  
Precise Definition ◽  
Large Group ◽  
Software Packages ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Distinct Separation

The concept of an expert system covers an increasingly large group of software packages which often have more dissimilarities than points in common. We shall not attempt to give a precise definition of an expert system here, because this might impose too restrictive a framework on the rest of our discussion. We shall simply state that, as is generally recognized, an expert system is a piece of software intended to resolve a certain category of problems, that it uses for this purpose a large quantity of knowledge specific to the field in question, and that in each expert system there is a very distinct separation between this knowledge and the procedures which make use of it.

What is a deep expert system? An analysis of the architectural requirements of second-generation expert systems

1989 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. T. Keravnou ◽  
J. Washbrook
Keyword(s):  
Expert System ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Human Computer Interaction ◽  
Expert Systems ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Robust Solutions ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Interaction Problem ◽  
Computer Interaction

AbstractFirst-generation expert systems have significant limitations, often attributed to their not being sufficiently deep. However, a generally accepted answer to “What is a deep expert system?” is still to be given. To answer this question one needs to answer “Why do first-generation systems exhibit the limitations they do?” thus identifying what is missing from first-generation systems and therefore setting the design objectives for second-generation (i.e. deep) systems. Several second-generation architectures have been proposed; inherent in each of these architectures is a definition of deepness. Some of the proposed architectures have been designed with the objective of alleviating a subset, rather than the whole set, of the first-generation limitations. Such approaches are prone to local, non-robust solutions. In this paper we analyze the limitations (under the categories: human-computer interaction, problem-solving flexibility, and extensibility) of the first-generation expert systems thus setting design goals for second-generation systems. On the basis of this analysis proposed second-generation architectures are reviewed and compared. The paper concludes by presenting requirements for a generic second-generation architecture.

SPECIFICATIONS AND TOOLS FOR BUILDING RELIABLE EXPERT SYSTEMS

1993 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. 17-52
Author(s):  
ALUN D. PREECE
Keyword(s):  
Expert System ◽  
Expert Systems ◽  
System Development ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Verification And Validation ◽  
Development Methodology ◽  
System Validation ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Tools And Techniques ◽  
Verification Techniques

Expert system technology is being applied to complex problem-solving tasks in many domains; concerns have naturally arisen as to the reliability of these systems. As with any software, attention to quality and reliability must be paid throughout development of an expert system. Validation and verification techniques must be employed, and effective use of such techniques depends upon the existence of specifications which state not only what the system must do, but also how it must do it. This article presents practical and sound techniques for performing specification, verification and validation activities for an expert system. Tools are described which assist the developer in performing verification and validation. It is argued that these tools and techniques form the backbone of a powerful and practical expert system development methodology. The general aim of the article is to demonstrate that formal processes can be applied to assure the reliability of an expert system, and that use of such processes is entirely practical, given the present state-of-the-art in software engineering and expert systems. The article is illustrated with examples from the development of a real expert system application in a medical domain.

The 1984 Cartagena Declaration: A Critical Review of Some Aspects of Its Emergence and Relevance

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
José H Fischel de Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Central America ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Protection Policy ◽  
Refugee Protection ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract This article revisits some aspects of the emergence and relevance of the 1984 Cartagena Declaration on Refugees. After addressing the conceptual framework by proposing a definition of asylum regime and explaining which asylum sub-regimes exist at the regional level in Latin America, the article reviews the ideological nature of the historical set of facts that led to the adoption of the 1984 Cartagena Declaration. It then explains why was there a need for a change of regime in Central America, details both the drafting process that culminated in the 1984 Cartagena Declaration refugee definition and UNHCR’s role in it, and undertakes a critical analysis of the potential relevance of the Cartagena Declaration. The article’s general conclusion is that the 1984 Cartagena Declaration’s practical, political, and legal relevance is obsolescent and that its legacy is most likely to be found both in the broad refugee definitions that are captured in most of the region’s domestic legislations, and in the advocacy model which uses ad hoc and sui generis UNHCR-led events to advance conceptual frameworks for refugee protection policy.

Spectral Moments and Pre-Envelope Covariances of Nonseparable Processes

1990 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 218-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Di Paola ◽  
Giovanni Petrucci
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Process ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Stationary Case ◽  
Spectral Moments ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Time Domain ◽  
Made In

A critical review of the definition of the spectral moments of a stochastic process in the nonstationary case is presented. An adequate time-domain representation of the spectral moments in the stationary case is first established, showing that the spectral moments are related to the variances of the stationary analytical pre-envelope processes. The extension to the nonstationary case is made in the time domain evaluating the covariances of the nonstationary pre-envelope showing the differences between the proposed definition and the classical one made introducing the evolutionary power.

scholarly journals The use of expert systems on the differential diagnosis of urinary incontinence

2009 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 704-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Helena Baena de Moraes Lopes ◽  
Heimar de Fátima Marin ◽  
Neli Regina Siqueira Ortega ◽  
Eduardo Massad
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Expert System ◽  
Expert Systems ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Special Equipment ◽  
Urodynamic Testing ◽  
Trained Personnel ◽  
Definition Of

The differential diagnosis of urinary incontinence classes is sometimes difficult to establish. As a rule, only the results of urodynamic testing allow an accurate diagnosis. However, this exam is not always feasible, because it requires special equipment, and also trained personnel to lead and interpret the exam. Some expert systems have been developed to assist health professionals in this field. Therefore, the aims of this paper are to present the definition of Artificial Intelligence; to explain what Expert System and System for Decision Support are and its application in the field of health and to discuss some expert systems for differential diagnosis of urinary incontinence. It is concluded that expert systems may be useful not only for teaching purposes, but also as decision support in daily clinical practice. Despite this, for several reasons, health professionals usually hesitate to use the computer expert system to support their decision making process.

Sistem Pakar Deteksi Kerusakan Truk Mitsubishi Fuso Berbasis Desktop

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Heri Pratama ◽  
Sofika Enggari ◽  
Irzal Arief Wisky
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Expert System ◽  
Expert Systems ◽  
Computer Program ◽  
Specific Problem ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Computer Programs ◽  
Thought Process ◽  
Made In

An expert system is a computer program that can mimic the thought process and expert knowledge in solving a particular problem. The implementation of this expert system is widely used in the field of artificial intelligence because expert systems are seen as a way of storing expert knowledge in certain fields in computer programs so that decisions can be made in making intelligent reasoning on a specific problem in this case the problem of detecting damage to Mitsubishi trucks. Fuso at Berdikari Motor Sibolga workshop.

scholarly journals Expert System For Personal Computer Mendiagnosakerusakan Method Using Certainty Factor

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-202
Author(s):  
Yunus Simare-mare ◽  
Fristi Riandari
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Expert System ◽  
Expert Systems ◽  
Personal Computer ◽  
Personal Computers ◽  
Vocational School ◽  
Certainty Factor ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Factor Method ◽  
Made In

Along with the development of information technology, computers today have developed rapidly so that they require a higher technology world. Nowadays computers can be made in the category of human needs, Because they can help or human Facilitate work in various fields. The use of computer laboratories at Sei Bamban YAPIM Private Vocational School is very dense, so the level of computer damage is greater, both in terms of hardware and software. Here the author will discuss Expert Systems to Diagnose Damage to Personal Computers, the Certainty Methods Method is one of the Expert System Methods to Be Able to diagnose damage to a Personal Computer. In this case the Certainty Factor method is used to diagnose damage to the Personal Computer through existing symptoms. The damage is taken from symptoms that may occur and then given a decision and provide Appropriate solutions to Overcome damage to the Personal Computer. The symptoms of damage to the Personal Computer will then be changed in the form of applications. To create an application the author uses Microsoft Visual Studio 2010. This thesis will explain the damage report and solutions for Personal Computer.

Types of Control Structure in Expert Systems

1984 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 24-34
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre Laurent
Keyword(s):  
Expert System ◽  
Expert Systems ◽  
Control Structure ◽  
Precise Definition ◽  
Large Group ◽  
Software Packages ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Distinct Separation

The concept of an expert system covers an increasingly large group of software packages which often have more dissimilarities than points in common. We shall not attempt to give a precise definition of an expert system here, because this might impose too restrictive a framework on the rest of our discussion. We shall simply state that, as is generally recognized, an expert system is a piece of software intended to resolve a certain category of problems, that it uses for this purpose a large quantity of knowledge specific to the field in question, and that in each expert system there is a very distinct separation between this knowledge and the procedures which make use of it.

Need of Human Rights as a Better Way of Life

Think India ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 72-83
Author(s):  
Tushar Kadian
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Basic Needs ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Labour Unions ◽  
The People ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Made In

Actually, basic needs postulates securing of the elementary conditions of existence to every human being. Despite of the practical and theoretical importance of the subject the greatest irony is non- availability of any universal preliminary definition of the concept of basic needs. Moreover, this becomes the reason for unpredictability of various political programmes aiming at providing basic needs to the people. The shift is necessary for development of this or any other conception. No labour reforms could be made in history till labours were treated as objects. Its only after they were started being treating as subjects, labour unions were allowed to represent themselves in strategy formulations that labour reforms could become a reality. The present research paper highlights the basic needs of Human Rights in life.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document