Seasonal Variations in the Age-Related Collision Risk of Ontario Drivers

1998 ◽  
Vol 1635 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-62
Author(s):  
Alison Smiley ◽  
Carolyn MacGregor ◽  
Mary Chipman ◽  
Kathy Kawaja ◽  
Leo Tasca
Keyword(s):  
Random Sample ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Collision Rate ◽  
Collision Risk ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Mean

Studies of age-related collision risk have not considered how collision risk varies by season. In 1994, the Ministry of Transportation of Ontario conducted an exposure survey which gathered year-round data to ensure that seasonal variations in collision risk could be measured and analyzed. Three-day trip logs were mailed to a stratified random sample of 11,250 Ontario drivers. The logs were mailed out at the rate of 938 per month. The survey was conducted from December 1993 to November 1994. The mean daily kilometrage for six age groups was estimated, and seasonal collision rates per 1 million km driven were calculated. Drivers aged 80 to 89 show the most dramatic fluctuations in collision risk. The winter collision rate of 22.4 is over three times higher than the rate observed in the fall (6.7). The collision rate in spring (13.4) is twice that observed in the summer and fall. When the youngest and oldest age groups are compared, it is evident that the collision risk of 80- to 89-year-old drivers is 2.0 times higher in winter and about 1.5 times in spring. The youngest drivers, however, have a collision risk that is substantially higher than the oldest drivers in summer and fall.

Age related volume of cadaver-prostates in Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-77
Author(s):  
Rukshana Ahmed ◽  
Shamim Ara
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Group A ◽  
Key Words Prostate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

Pathological changes in the prostate gland occur commonly with advancing age including inflammation, atrophy, hyperplasia and carcinoma and a change in volume is also evident. Estimation of volume of prostate may be useful in a variety of clinical settings. A cross-sectional descriptive study was designed to see the changes in volume of the prostate with advancing age and done in the Department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka from August 2006 to June 2007. The study was performed on 70 post-mortem human prostates collected from the unclaimed dead bodies that were under examination in the Department of Forensic Medicine, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka. The samples were divided into three age groups; group A (10-20 years), group B (21-40 years) and group C (41-70 years). Volume of the sample was measured by using the ellipsoid formula. The mean ± SD volume of prostate was 7.68 ± 3.64 cm3 in group A, 10.61 ± 3.99 cm3 in group B and 15.40 ± 6.31 cm3 in group C. Mean difference in volume between group A and group C, group B and group C were statistically significant (p<0.001). Statistically significant positive correlation was found between age and volume of prostate (r = + 0.579, p < 0.001). Key Words: Prostate; volume; Bangladeshi. DOI: 10.3329/imcj.v4i2.6501Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2010; 4(2): 74-77

Extension of Future Time Perspective in Motivational Goals of Different Age Groups

1980 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willy Lens ◽  
Antoine Gailly
Keyword(s):  
Time Perspective ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Future Time Perspective ◽  
Future Time ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Future Extension ◽  
The Mean

Age related differences in extension of future time perspective in motivational goals are studied at three socio-economic levels in a representative sample of the French speaking adult population in Belgium. The hypothesis of an inverted U-shaped relationship between age and extension of future time perspective is tested statistically. It cannot be maintained when using two indices of future extension that are borrowed from earlier studies in this field: (a) the proportion of number of references to the near future to the number of references to the distant future, and (b) the mean future extension score in number of years. The proportion of the mean future extension score to the statistically calculated expected life time is proposed as a new and better index of future extension for comparing different age groups. With this new index the hypothesis is confirmed at the three socioeconomic levels. The limits of the cross-sectional method that is used and the relative value of the new index of extension of future time perspective are discussed.

scholarly journals Morphometric study of the size of the postmortem human kidney

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
Fatema Johora ◽  
Abu Sadat Mohammad Nurunnabi ◽  
Dilruba Siddiqua ◽  
Hasna Hena ◽  
Shamim Ara
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Left Kidney ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right ◽  
Age Related Changes

Background: Changes in the size of the kidney are evident in humans, as age progresses. Objective: To see the age-related changes in the morphological dimensions of the kidney in a sample of the Bangladeshi population. Methods: This crosssectional study was done in the Department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, from July 2008 to June 2009, based on a collection of 140 postmortem human kidneys collected from 70 unclaimed dead bodies from the morgue of the same institution. All the samples of kidney were divided into three age groups, including A (10-19 years), B (20-39 years) and C (40-59 years). The length, breadth and thickness of all the kidneys were measured by using a slide calipers and recorded. Data were expressed as mean±SD. For statistical analysis, independent sample t test and one way ANOVA was used. Results: The length of the right and left kidneys found were 8.72±0.25 cm and 9.28±0.12 cm; 9.73±0.35 cm and 10.31±0.41 cm; 9.68±0.21 cm and 10.24±0.06 cm in group A, B and C respectively. The breadth of the right and left kidneys found were 4.32±0.09 cm and 4.22±0.11 cm; 4.74±0.29 cm and 4.55±0.28 cm; 4.61±0.21 cm and 4.44±0.21 cm in group A, B and C respectively. The thickness of the right and left kidneys found were 2.84±0.10 cm and 2.64±0.05 cm; 3.31±0.16 cm and 3.11±0.10 cm; 3.17±0.07 cm and 3.11±0.10 cm in group A, B and C respectively. The mean length of the left kidneys was found significantly greater than that of the right , whereas the mean breadth and the thickness of the right kidneys were found greater than that of the left kidney in all age groups. Moreover, age related changes were significant in all dimensions (length, breadth and thickness) of the kidney when compared between group A & B and A & C. Conclusion: This study results concluded that the length of the left kidney was greater than that of the right, but the breadth and the thickness of the right kidney were greater than that of the left one in all age groups. In addition, age related changes in all dimensions (i.e. length, breadth and thickness) of the kidneys were evident in middle age versus young adult and older adult versus young adult. J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2020, December; 15(2): 61-67

Radiographic morphometry of the hoof and third phalanx of apparently healthy Nigerian horses

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.C. Ogbanya ◽  
C.A. Eze ◽  
J.I. Ihedioha
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Proximal Phalanx ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Apparently Healthy

The objective of the study was to establish reference values for radiographic soft tissue indices of the hooves of apparently healthy Nigerian horses and to identify sex and age-related variations if any. Lateromedial radiographic examinations of the forelimb hooves of 52 apparently healthy Nigerian horses of both sexes aged young (1 – 5years), adult (6 – 10years) and old (11years and above) were carried out in the cross-sectional survey design. Radiographic soft tissue indices such as hoof wall distal phalanx distance (HWDPD), hoof wall proximal phalanx distance (HWPPD), coronary extensor distance (CED), sole depth (SD), hoof cup (HC), palmarocortical length (PCL) of the third phalanx, hoof wall angle (HWA), angle of third phalanx (AP3) and angle of rotation (AR) were measured and compared between sexes and among age groups. There was no significant sex variations in the indices investigated. However, the mean SD and HC showed age-related significant variation. The mean SD was only significantly (P less than 0.05) lower in old horses compared to young and adult horses. The mean values of HC were significantly (P less than 0.05) lower in adult and old horses compared to young horses. Radiographic morphometric indices assessed in this study may differ with those reported from other breeds, so they can be used in the future as reference values for diagnosis of laminitis in front feet of Nigerian horses.

Age Related Change of Inner Diameter of Ampulla of Fallopian Tube in Bangladeshi Female Cadaver

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-140
Author(s):  
Hasna Hena ◽  
Shamim Ara ◽  
Rubina Qasim ◽  
Dilruba Siddiqua ◽  
Fatema Johora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fallopian Tube ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Uterine Cavity ◽  
Fallopian Tubes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Inner Diameter ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right

Background: The fallopian tubes act as conduit for spermatozoa to reach the oocyte and to convey the fertilized (egg) to enter the uterine cavity following fertilization. Problems with the fallopian tubes can lead to infertility. Detailed morphological and histological knowledge is essential for the diagnosis and management of fallopian tube disease.Objective: The purpose of the present study was to identify the inner diameter of ampulla of the fallopian tube and its changes with advancing age.Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy at Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh from July 2008 to June 2009 for a period of one (01) year. This present study was performed on post mortem fallopian tubes of Bangladeshi female. Among them lowest age was 12 years and highest age was 50 years. Samples were divided into three differential age groups named asgroup A (10 to 13 years), group B (14 to 45 years), and group C (46 to 50 years). All samples were studied morphologically and histologically.Results: The mean inner diameter of the ampulla of the right and left fallopian tubes ranged from 1.99±0.08 to 3.24±0.27 mm. The difference between all the groups were statistically significant (p < 0.001).Conclusion: The mean difference of the inner diameter of the ampulla of the right and left fallopian tubesbetween groupA and groupB and groupB and groupC were statistically significant; however, there was no significant difference between right and left fallopian tube.Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, 2018;4(2): 137-140

Age-related differences in parasitosis may indicate acquired immunity against microfilariae in cattle naturally infected with Onchocerca ochengi

Parasitology ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Trees ◽  
G. Wahl ◽  
S. Kläger ◽  
A. Renz
Keyword(s):  
Female Worm ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Breeding Site ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
Acquired Immunity ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Onchocerca Ochengi ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Gravid Females

SUMMARYOnchocerca ochengi is a common parasite of cattle in savanna areas of West Africa and its adult stages inhabit intradermal nodules. We have exploited the accessibility of the macrofilariae to examine quantitative and qualitative differences in both the macro- and microfilariae (mff) in relation to age in naturally infected cattle. Autochthonous cattle at a site on the Adamawa plateau, North Cameroon, situated near a perennial Simulium damnosum s.l. breeding site, were examined in three age groups (1·5–2·5, n = 34; 3–5, n = 39 and ≥ 8 years old, n = 21). Skin mff densities were assessed from ventral skin biopsies, total body counts of nodules were done by palpation and 1–4 nodules were excised from positive animals, collagenase digested and the numbers and condition of macrofilariae determined. Embryogenesis profiles (embryograms) were done on a representative number of female worms in each age group. The overall prevalence of infection in the study population was 71% for mff and 85% for nodules. Nodule prevalence increased significantly from the 1·5–2·5 to 3–5 years old groups, but no other inter-age prevalences were significantly different. While the mean number of nodules per animal increased with age, geometric means (gm) 3·7, 15·5 and 23·1, the skin mff density maximized in the middle age group and decreased significantly in the old animals (gm 15·8, 44·7 and 11·4 mff/g, difference between latter two parameters significant, P < 0·05). Moreover, there was a significant correlation (P < 0·01) between individual nodule counts and skin mff densities in the mid-aged group but not in the oldest group. Examination of nodules showed that nodule counts equated to numbers of female worms, since almost all of 133 nodules examined contained only 1 live female worm. Although the proportion of old female (and male) worms increased with the age groups – 2 (0), 30 (28) and 54 (32)% – the proportion of gravid females (52·8, 48·8 and 58·0%) and the mean number of viable embryos in these females (82·5 × 103, 76·0 × 103 and 102·1 × 103) did not change with age. Thus, due to the higher nodule counts, a calculated productivity index reflecting the potential mff production per animal was 8 times higher in the ≥ 8-year-old animals than in the youngest and 3 times higher than in the middle group, which sharply contrasts with the decline in skin mff density. Although further research is required, these findings may indicate acquired immunity directed against microfilariae. They demonstrate the potential of O. ochengi infections in cattle to investigate a number of aspects of the host–parasite relationship which may have relevance to human onchocerciasis.

scholarly journals Nasalance Scores for Normal Persian-Speaking Girls

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
Saba Sadeghi ◽  
Fatemeh Derakhshandeh ◽  
Hossein Abdali ◽  
Parisa Rezaei
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
Voice Quality ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Persian Version ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Assessment Procedures ◽  
Hearing Voice

Background: Obtaining normative nasalance scores is essential in the process of assessing and treating resonance disorders. The purpose of this study was to obtain nasalance scores in Persian-speaking girls aged 4-6 years and investigate the age-related differences. Materials and Methods: All participants (n=40) were screened to identify any overt problems relating to resonance, hearing, voice quality, or speech and language skills. The mean nasalance scores were obtained from normal-speaking girls during the repetition of the Persian version of the Simplified Nasometric Assessment Procedures (SNAP) test subtests. The Nasometer II (model 6450) was used to obtain the nasalance scores. Results: The mean nasalance score for the SNAP test subtests was obtained. Group mean and standard deviation (SD) nasalance scores of girls for oral and nasal sentences were 12.59±3.74 and 50.52±6.39, respectively. There was no significant difference between age groups (4, 5 and 6 years old) (P<0.05). Conclusion: Our results provided normative nasalance scores based on the SNAP test that can be used for the evaluation and treatment of resonance problems in Persian-speaking girls.

scholarly journals Fertility differentiation according to female education levels in Russia: current situation and forecast scenarios

POPULATION ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-39
Author(s):  
Vladimir Arkhangelsky ◽  
Yulia Zinkina ◽  
Sergey Shulgin
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Professional Education ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Female Education ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
The Mean

This paper analyzes the differentiation of birth rates of Russia women by education levels. Two levels are specified: 1) complete and incomplete higher education; 2) secondary professional education and below). First of all, the mean number of children born in real cohorts is calculated for each of the two education levels. For this, we use the micro-databases of the 2010 census and the 2015 micro-census. The data of the Sample Survey of the Reproductive Plans of Population are used additionally (including in the construction of age models of fertility). We estimate mean numbers of children born in one-year age groups in real cohorts by female education levels at 1.5 for women with complete and incomplete higher education and 1.8 for women with secondary professional education and below. Based on the obtained estimates and the analyzed data, we construct three forecast scenarios of the future dynamics of fertility rates for two levels of education. In our opinion, mean number of children born to real cohorts of women will likely stay the same for both education levels, as will the age-related fertility model — so this scenario is considered as the basic and the most likely one. The forecast scenario of mean number of children dropping to the lowest values that were observed in real cohorts of women of the 1960s — the first half of the 1970s is considered as a low variant. In determining the high variant of the forecast scenario we take into account the data on the expected and desired number of children among women with different education levels. Finally, we proceed to calculate the mean numbers of children born in real cohorts by female education levels according to each of the three forecast scenarios up till the cohort of women born in 2035, who will enter their reproductive age in 2050.

scholarly journals Macular Vascular Geometry Changes With Sex and Age in Healthy Subjects: A Fundus Photography Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziqing Feng ◽  
Gengyuan Wang ◽  
Honghui Xia ◽  
Meng Li ◽  
Guoxia Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Fundus Photography ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Vascular Geometry

Purpose: To characterize the sex- and age-related alterations of the macular vascular geometry in a population of healthy eyes using fundus photography.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 610 eyes from 305 healthy subjects (136 men, 169 women) who underwent fundus photography examination and was divided into four age groups (G1 with age ≤ 25 years, G2 with age 26–35 years, G3 with age 36–45 years, and G4 with age ≥ 46 years). A self-developed automated retinal vasculature analysis system allowed segmentation and separate multiparametric quantification of the macular vascular network according to the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS). Vessel fractal dimension (Df), vessel area rate (VAR), average vessel diameter (Dm), and vessel tortuosity (τn) were acquired and compared between sex and age groups.Results: There was no significant difference between the mean age of male and female subjects (32.706 ± 10.372 and 33.494 ± 10.620, respectively, p &gt; 0.05) and the mean age of both sexes in each age group (p &gt; 0.05). The Df, VAR, and Dm of the inner ring, the Df of the outer ring, and the Df and VAR of the whole macula were significantly greater in men than women (p &lt; 0.001, p &lt; 0.001, p &lt; 0.05, respectively). There was no significant change of τn between males and females (p &gt; 0.05). The Df, VAR, and Dm of the whole macula, the inner and outer rings associated negatively with age (p &lt; 0.001), whereas the τn showed no significant association with age (p &gt; 0.05). Comparison between age groups observed that Df started to decrease from G2 compared with G1 in the inner ring (p &lt; 0.05) and Df, VAR, and Dm all decreased from G3 compared with the younger groups in the whole macula, inner and outer rings (p &lt; 0.05).Conclusion: In the healthy subjects, macular vascular geometric parameters obtained from fundus photography showed that Df, VAR, and Dm are related to sex and age while τn is not. The baseline values of the macular vascular geometry were also acquired for both sexes and all age groups.

scholarly journals Point prevalence of drug prescriptions for elderly and non-elderly inpatients in a teaching hospital

2004 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thais Baleeiro Teixeira Braga ◽  
Grace Pfaffenbach ◽  
Débora Peterson Leite Weiss ◽  
Marilisa Berti de Azevedo Barros ◽  
Gun Bergsten-Mendes
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Drug Prescriptions ◽  
Prescribing Patterns ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Elderly Inpatients ◽  
The Mean

CONTEXT: Age-related pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes have been extensively documented, and several concurrent diseases may underlie multiple drug therapy in the elderly. As a result, the risk of adverse drug reactions and drug interactions increases among aged patients. However, only a few studies have compared the prescribing patterns for different age groups of hospitalized patients or have evaluated the effect of age on drug prescription. OBJECTIVE: To compare the prevalence of drug prescriptions for elderly inpatients, with those for non-elderly inpatients, in order to assess age-related differences in the number of prescribed drugs, drug choices and prescribed doses, and to evaluate the prescription appropriateness for the elderly patients. TYPE OF STUDY: Cross-sectional survey. SETTING: 400-bed tertiary care general teaching hospital. PARTICIPANTS: All inpatients on one day of June 1995, except for the Intensive Care Unit and for the Departments of Psychiatry, Pediatrics and Obstetrics and Gynecology. PROCEDURES: All medicines prescribed to the eligible patients on the study day were recorded from the prescription sheets provided by the hospital pharmacy. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Name, therapeutic class, and mean daily dose of the prescribed drugs. RESULTS: Of the 273 eligible inpatients, 46.5% were 14-44 years old, 33% were 45-64 years old and 20.5% were > 64 years old. Cancer was significantly more frequent among the elderly. The mean number of prescribed drugs was five for all age groups. The five most prescribed drugs for all patients were dipyrone, ranitidine, dipyrone in a fixed-dose combination, metoclopramide and cefazolin. The elderly had significantly more prescriptions for insulin, furosemide and enoxaparin. For most drugs, the mean prescribed dose showed that there was no dose adjustment for elderly patients, and drug choices for this age group were sometimes questionable. CONCLUSIONS: There was little variation in the prescribing patterns for the elderly when compared with the other age strata.

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