scholarly journals MAGNETICALLY MODIFIED SUGARCANE BAGASSE BIOCHAR AS CADMIUM REMOVAL AGENT IN WATER

2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 294-309
Author(s):  
Nur Izzaty Syahirah Baharudin ◽  
Noraini Mohamed Noor ◽  
Ezzat Chan Abdullah ◽  
Raihan Othman ◽  
Mubarak Nasibab Mujawar
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Magnetic Biochar ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Optimum Parameters ◽  
Kinetics And Isotherms

Heavy metals are hazardous to health at certain levels. Currently, heavy metals are removed by physicochemical treatments, such as adsorption, flotation, and electrochemical deposition, and also biological treatments, such as algal biofilm reactor and anaerobic ammonium oxidation. In this study, magnetic biochar was produced to enhance the effectiveness and performance of the adsorbent for heavy metal removal. This study aimed to synthesise high-performance magnetic biochar, to determine the optimum parameters and conditions for high yield of magnetic biochar and high removal of cadmium (Cd2+) from aqueous solution, and to determine the adsorption kinetics and isotherms for Cd2+ removal. Nickel oxide (NiO)-impregnated sugarcane bagasse was subjected to slow pyrolysis to produce magnetic biochar. The impregnated metal, pyrolysis temperature, and pyrolysis time were varied to determine the optimum parameters and conditions to produce high-performance magnetic biochar. The removal of Cd2+ from aqueous solution and batch adsorption study were conducted. The synthesised magnetic biochar was characterised using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The adsorption data agreed well with the pseudo-second-order model and followed the Langmuir isotherm model. This study achieved 88.47% removal efficiency of Cd2+ from aqueous solution. Thus, the removal of this heavy metal as a human carcinogen reduces the hazardous effects on human health and reduces the toxicity in the environment. ABSTRAK: Logam berat adalah berbahaya bagi kesihatan di peringkat tertentu. Pada masa ini, logam berat disingkirkan melalui rawatan fizikokimia, seperti penyerapan, pengapungan, dan deposit elektrokimia, dan rawatan biologikal, seperti reaktor biofilem alga dan oksidasi ammonium anerobik. Kajian ini menghasilkan biochar magnetik bagi meningkatkan keberkesanan dan prestasi penyerapan penyingkiran logam berat. Kajian ini bertujuan bagi mengsintesis biochar magnetik pada prestasi tinggi, bagi menghasilkan parameter optimum dan keadaan pengeluaran tinggi biochar magnetik dan penyingkiran tinggi kadmium (Cd2+) daripada larutan akues, dan bagi mendapatkan penyerapan kinetik dan isoterma penyingkiran Cd2+. Nikel oksida (NiO)-impregnat hampas tebu adalah berdasarkan pirolisis perlahan bagi menghasilkan biochar magnetik. Logam yang terimpregnat, suhu pirolisis dan tempoh pirolisis dipelbagaikan bagi mendapatkan parameter optimum dan keadaan bagi menghasilkan biochar magnetik berprestasi-tinggi. Penyingkiran Cd2+ daripada larutan akues dan kajian penyerapan berkumpulan telah dibuat. Biochar magnetik yang disentisis diklasifikasikan menggunakan mikroskopi elektron imbasan medan-pancaran (FESEM), tenaga sebaran X-ray (EDX), pembelauan X-ray (XRD), kawasan permukaan Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Penjelmaan Fourier inframerah (FTIR), dan sampel getaran magnetometer (VSM). Data penyerapan menunjukkan persetujuan dengan model aturan-kedua-pseudo dan mengikuti model isoterma Langmuir. Kajian ini mencapai 88.47% keberkesanan penyingkiran Cd2+ daripada larutan akues. Oleh itu, penyingkiran logam berat ini sebagai karsinogen manusia mengurangkan kesan teruk pada kesihatan manusia dan pengurangan toksik pada alam sekitar.

scholarly journals Combined Influence of Low-Grade Metakaolins and Natural Zeolite on Compressive Strength and Heavy Metal Adsorption of Geopolymers

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 486
Author(s):  
Alcina Johnson Sudagar ◽  
Slávka Andrejkovičová ◽  
Fernando Rocha ◽  
Carla Patinha ◽  
Maria R. Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Metal Adsorption ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Heavy Metal Adsorption ◽  
Adsorption Model ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Adsorption Capacities

Metakaolins (MKs) prepared from low-grade kaolins located in the Alvarães (A) and Barqueiros (B) regions of Portugal were used as the aluminosilicate source to compare their effect on the compressive strength and heavy metal adsorption of geopolymers. Natural zeolite, an inexpensive, efficient adsorbent, was used as an additive in formulations to enhance geopolymers’ adsorption capacities and reduce MK utilization’s environmental footprint. Geopolymers were synthesized with the replacement of MK by zeolite up to 75 wt.% (A25, B25—25% MK 75% zeolite; A50, B50—50% MK 50% zeolite; A75, B75—75% MK 25% zeolite; A100, B100—100% MK). The molar ratios of SiO2/Al2O3 and Na2O/Al2O3 were kept at 1 to reduce the sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide environmental impact. Geopolymers’ crystallography was identified using X-ray diffraction analysis. The surface morphology was observed by scanning electron microscopy to understand the effect of zeolite incorporation. Chemical analysis using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy yielded information about the geopolymers’ Si/Al ratio. Compressive strength values of geopolymers obtained after 1, 14, and 28 days of curing indicate high strengths of geopolymers with 100% MK (A100—15.4 MPa; B100—32.46 MPa). Therefore, zeolite did not aid in the improvement of the compressive strength of both MK-based geopolymers. The heavy metal (Cd2+, Cr3+, Cu2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+) adsorption tests exhibit relatively higher adsorption capacities of Barqueiros MK-based geopolymers for all the heavy metals except Cd2+. Moreover, zeolite positively influenced divalent cations’ adsorption on the geopolymers produced from Barqueiros MK as B75 exhibits the highest adsorption capacities, but such an influence is not observed for Alvarães MK-based geopolymers. The general trend of adsorption of the heavy metals of both MK-based geopolymers is Pb2+ > Cd2+ > Cu2+ > Zn2+ > Cr3+ when fitted by the Langmuir isotherm adsorption model. The MK and zeolite characteristics influence geopolymers’ structure, strength, and adsorption capacities.

Removal of Heavy Metals from Aqueous Solution by Hydroxyapatite/Chitosan Composite

2013 ◽  
Vol 789 ◽  
pp. 176-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eny Kusrini ◽  
Nofrijon Sofyan ◽  
Dwi Marta Nurjaya ◽  
Santoso Santoso ◽  
Dewi Tristantini
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Removal Of Heavy Metals ◽  
Sem Micrograph ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Chitosan Composite

Hydroxyapatite/chitosan (HApC) composite has been prepared by precipitation method and used for removal of heavy metals (Cr6+, Zn2+and Cd2+) from aqueous solution. The HAp and 3H7C composite with HAp:chitosan ratio of 3:7 (wt%) were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The SEM results showed that HAp is spherical-shaped and crystalline, while chitosan has a flat structure. SEM micrograph of 3H7C composite reveals crystalline of HAp uniformly spread over the surface of chitosan. The crystal structure of HAp is maintained in 3H7C composite. Chitosan affects the adsorption capacity of HAp for heavy metal ions; it binds the metal ions as well as HAp. The kinetic data was best described by the pseudo-second order. Surface adsorption and intraparticle diffusion take place in the mechanism of adsorption process. The binding of HAp powder with chitosan made the capability of composite to removal of Cr6+, Zn2+and Cd2+from aqueous solution effective. The order of removal efficiency (Cr6+> Cd2+> Zn2+) was observed.

scholarly journals Use of SPIONs for Removal of Heavy Metal and its Isotherm Studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 40
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
Absorption Efficiency ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Proper Treatment ◽  
Industrial Activity ◽  
Adsorption Study

The presence of heavy metals is unpreventable in the current era leading to anthropogenic pollution and production of toxicants such as hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] to the environment. It is a common, known carcinogen to humans through inhalation as well as ingestion. With proper treatment of the effluents from industrial activity, the concentration of Cr(VI) would be minified and eliminated. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) were once employed to evaluate its absorption efficiency against Cr(VI). The research now centered the concern on Cr(VI) elimination with SPIONS with carbon and used in batch adsorption study with optimized pH, adsorbent, and adsorbent-adsorbate concentrations. The adsorption then evaluated the result by Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherms.

Removal of Cu, Fe, and Zn from Peat Water by Using Activated Carbon Derived from Oil Palm Leaves

2021 ◽  
Vol 1162 ◽  
pp. 65-73
Author(s):  
Rakhmawati Farma ◽  
Ona Lestari ◽  
Erman Taer ◽  
Apriwandi ◽  
Minarni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Turbidity Level ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

Heavy metal such as Cu, Fe, and Zn are the most serious contributers to environmental problems. The removal of heavy metal from the environment is the research interest nowdays. The adsorption of Cu, Fe and Zn from wastewater was investigated with various activated carbons as adsorbents. The activated carbons were produced from oil palm leaves by using multi-activation methods. The H3PO4, NaOH, ZnCl2 and KOH were chosen as chemical activating agents. Batch adsorption experiment was used to test the ability of activated carbon to remove Cu, Fe, and Zn from wastewater. The surface characteristics of activated carbon were evaluated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms. The Activated carbons were able to purify wastewater with a maximum turbidity level of 2.83 NTU. The AC-H3PO4 activated carbon showed the highest absorbability of Cu metal as 91.540%, while the highest absorbabilities of Zn and Fe metals were indicated by AC-KOH activated carbon of 22.853% and 82.244% absorption respectively. Therefore, these results enable the oil palm leaves to become a high potential for activated carbon as removal the heavy metals.

X-ray fluorescence spectrometric determination of heavy metals in selected rice samples sold on the Liberian market: a case study conducted in Paynesville City, Greater Monrovia

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
McClain James ◽  
PAYE Plenseh Diana ◽  
N’debewillie Kokolo ◽  
CHEA Sampson K. P. ◽  
Kiazolu J. Boima
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Rice Sample ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Total Cancer Risk ◽  
Total Cancer ◽  
Rice Consumption ◽  
The Mean

Background: Environmental pollution with toxic heavy metals can be lead to the possible contamination of rice. Rice is a staple food widely consumed in the urban and rural parts of Liberia daily. Rice is cultivated in approximately 113 countries and a fundamental source for energy and protein. Objective: The study assesses selected heavy metals (As, Pb, Cd, Se, and Cr) concentration in selected imported rice and traditionally grown rice and bulgur wheat in Liberia. Methods: Six grade of imported rice, Bulgar wheat, and traditionally grown rice were purchased from the Duport Road and Red-Light markets in Greater Monrovia and analyze using X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer. All data were analyzed using XLSTAT, and data was used to calculate the risk factor of each rice sample. Results: The mean concentration of heavy metal found in the rice as follow: As, 1.31ppm; Cd, 9.42ppm; Cr. 12.3ppm; Se, 5.73ppm; and Pb, 1.75ppm. The estimated daily intakes (EDIs) were calculated in combination with the rice consumption data. The mean intakes of As, Cd, Cr, Se, and Pb through rice were estimated to be 1.32, 9.42. 12.4. 5.74, and 1.75 mg/kg BW/day. Chromium has the average estimated daily intake. The combined hazard index for the heavy metals in each sample and the total cancer risk for each sample contributed most significantly to a cancer risk of rice consumption during adult life expectancy.Conclusion: The selected heavy metal concentration from the rice sample was above the FAO/WHO reference Standard but was within the range of the contaminant level except for chromium, which is above the accepted range. However, the hazard index and the total cancer risk indicate a potential non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk.  

scholarly journals SBA-16 Cage-Like Porous Material Modified with APTES as an Adsorbent for Pb2+ Ions Removal from Aqueous Solution

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviana Palos-Barba ◽  
Abigail Moreno-Martell ◽  
Verónica Hernández-Morales ◽  
Carmen L. Peza-Ledesma ◽  
Eric M. Rivera-Muñoz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ion Removal ◽  
Transmission Electron

Tridimensional cubic mesoporous silica, SBA-16, functionalized with aminopropyl groups, were employed as adsorbents for Pb2+ ion removal from aqueous solution. The adsorption capacity was investigated for the effect of pH, contact time, temperature, and concentration of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) employed for adsorbent functionalization. The textural properties and morphology of the adsorbents were evaluated by N2 physisorption, small-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The functionalization of the SBA-16 was evaluated by elemental analysis (N), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Batch adsorption studies show that the total Pb2+ ions removal was archived on adsorbent having an optimized amount of aminopropyl groups (2N-SBA-16). The maximum of Pb2+ ions removal occurred at optimized adsorption conditions: pH = 5–6, contact time 40 min, and at a low initial lead concentration in solution (200 mg L−1). Under the same adsorption conditions, the amino-functionalized SBA-16 with cubic 3D unit cell structure exhibited higher adsorption capability than its SBA-15 counterpart with uniform mesoporous channels.

scholarly journals Adsorption of Toluene and Paraxylene from Aqueous Solution Using Pure and Iron Oxide Impregnated Carbon Nanotubes: Kinetics and Isotherms Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aamir Abbas ◽  
Basim Ahmed Abussaud ◽  
Ihsanullah ◽  
Nadhir A. H. Al-Baghli ◽  
Halim Hamid Redhwi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Adsorption Analysis ◽  
Kinetics And Isotherms

Multiwall carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and iron oxide impregnated carbon nanotubes (CNTs-iron oxide) were investigated for the adsorption of hazardous toluene and paraxylene (p-xylene) from aqueous solution. Pure CNTs were impregnated with iron oxides nanoparticles using wet impregnation technique. Various characterization techniques including thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, elemental dispersion spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and nitrogen adsorption analysis were used to study the thermal degradation, surface morphology, purity, and surface area of the materials. Batch adsorption experiments show that iron oxide impregnated CNTs have higher degree of removal of p-xylene (i.e., 90%) compared with toluene (i.e., 70%), for soaking time 2 h, with pollutant initial concentration 100 ppm, at pH 6 and shaking speed of 200 rpm at 25°C. Pseudo-second-order model provides better fitting for the toluene and p-xylene adsorption. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models demonstrate good fitting for the adsorption data of toluene and p-xylene.

scholarly journals Investigations on the mechanism, kinetics and isotherms of ammonium and humic acid co-adsorption at low temperature by 4A-molecular sieves modified from attapulgite

RSC Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (28) ◽  
pp. 17095-17106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Sun ◽  
Wenxin Shi ◽  
Lixin Ma ◽  
Shuili Yu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Molecular Sieves ◽  
Co Adsorption ◽  
Aluminum Silicate ◽  
Silicate Mineral ◽  
Magnesium Aluminum Silicate ◽  
Kinetics And Isotherms

Attapulgite (ATP) is a type of natural magnesium aluminum silicate mineral and has been applied as an adsorbent to remove organic pollutants and heavy metals in aqueous solution.

Batch and column tests for the development of an immobilization technology for toxic heavy metals in contaminated soils of closed mines

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 81-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Jang ◽  
Y. S. Choi ◽  
In S. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Chemical Additives ◽  
Column Tests

Laboratory tests of various chemical treatments for the immobilization of copper, nickel, and lead in soils typically found at mine facilities were evaluated. A series of batch, adsorption tests, and lab-scale continuous column tests were conducted to optimize the design parameters for the full-scale immobilization processes. The laboratory test program consisted of batch and column experiments to measure the leachability and subsequent immobilization of the single heavy metal, Cu2+, Pb2+, and Ni2+ in an artificial soil which was composed of bentonite and quartz fine sand. Batch equilibrium methods were used to test the ability of a large number of chemical additives to react with heavy metals in contaminated soil. The two best treatment chemicals (CaO and Na2S) for each soil-metal combination were selected for more detailed columns studies. The column tests were carried out in the acidic pH range. According to the results of the column leaching test, it was found that the degree of heavy metal leaching is highly dependent on pH. An adsorption test was performed under acidic conditions (pH 4) to evaluate bentonite as an additive to treat acid mine drainage (AMD).

Sorption of Copper and Zinc from Aqueous Solutions by Microwave Incinerated Sugarcane Bagasse Ash (MISCBA)

2016 ◽  
Vol 835 ◽  
pp. 378-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Umar Salihi ◽  
Shamsul Rahman Mohamed Kutty ◽  
Mohamed Hasnain Isa ◽  
Usman Aminu Umar ◽  
Emmanuel Olisa
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Isotherm Model ◽  
Copper And Zinc ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse Ash

Industrial wastewater containing toxic pollutants such as heavy metals tends to contaminate the environment once it is release without proper treatment. Heavy metals are toxic to both human and other living organisms. It is necessary to treat industrial wastewater polluted with heavy metals prior to its discharge into the receiving environment. In this study, low cost adsorbent was generated from sugarcane bagasse through incineration. The prepared adsorbent “microwave incinerated sugarcane bagasse ash” (MISCBA) was used in removing copper and zinc from aqueous solution. Parameters of importance such as pH, contact time and adsorbent dosages are studied to investigate their effects on the adsorption of copper and zinc. Maximum adsorption was observed at pH 6.0, contact time of 180 minutes and adsorbent dosage of 10 g/L. Zinc removal follows Langmuir isotherm model with correlation coefficient of 0.9291. Copper adsorption follows both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm model with correlation coefficient of 0.9181 and 0.9742, respectively. Removal capacities of 38.4 mg/g and 20.4 mg/g were obtained for copper and zinc, respectively. Application of MISCBA as low - cost adsorbent have shown significant outcome in removal of copper and zinc from aqueous solution.

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