scholarly journals Prevalence and Modifiable Risk Factors of NonCommunicable Diseases among Jakun Orang Asli at Tasik Chini, Pekan, Pahang

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wong CM ◽  
Faiz D ◽  
Diana Safraa S ◽  
Raja Mohd Azim RH ◽  
Siti Zubaidah AR
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Orang Asli ◽  
Tasik Chini

Introduction: Non-communicable disease accounted for 73% of premature death in year 2015 Malaysian national survey. The orang asli population may be affected similarly. The prevention of non-communicable diseases should start as early as modifiable risk factors prevention, as proposed by STEPWISE approach of WHO. This study aims to identify the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidaemia among Jakun orang asli population and examine the association with risk factors. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study analysing 72 case reports of General health screening done in year 2015. The study population was adult Jakun orang asli Tasik Chini using cluster sampling followed by simple random sampling methods. Chi Square test was used for bivariate analysis of relationship each variable has with the diseases, and binary logistic regression was used to analyse association of covariates with each disease. Results: The prevalence was 41.7% for hypertension, 25% for Diabetes mellitus, 6.9% for dyslipidaemia. Education level was significantly related to hypertension, X2 = 11.565 (1), p =0.001; obesity was significantly related to diabetes, X 2 = 8.333 (1), p=0.004. After adjusted for covariates, low education level has 13.379 odds of getting hypertension. Obesity has 7.384 odds of getting diabetes mellitus; female gender has higher odds of getting dyslipidaemia while younger age, physically active and not smoking are protective factors. Conclusion: Higher prevalence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus was found among Tasik Chini orang asli population. Lower sociodemographic characteristics and unhealthy lifestyle factors are associated with the diseases.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Modifiable Risk Factors among Stroke Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Dhaka

1970 ◽  
pp. 18-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Badiuzzaman ◽  
Fazle Rabbi Mohammed ◽  
Fazle Rabbi Chowdhury ◽  
Md Shafiqul Bari ◽  
Md Billal Alam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
History Of ◽  
Arachnoid Hemorrhage

Background: An event of stroke can be ignited by a number of risk factors, some of which are nonmodifiable and some are modifiable. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, different heart diseases, hyperlipidemia and smoking belong to the latter group and their prevalence shows immense diversity worldwide. In this study we tried to identify the most prevalent risk factor for stroke. Categorization of various types of stroke and history of noncompliance in medication has also been evaluated. Methods: This direct observational study was carried out on 400 patients of stroke admitted in different medicine units of Dhaka Medical College Hospital from July to December, 2007. Only patients having clinical diagnosis of stroke, confirmed by CT scan or MRI, were recruited. Patients were grouped into ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke or sub arachnoid hemorrhage. Results: The male, female ratio was found 1.2:1. In the study cerebral infraction, intra cerebral hemorrhages (ICH) and sub arachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) were found in 56.25%, 38.25% and 5.5% patients respectively. In case of Ischemic stroke and ICH males were predominantly affected but in case of SAH females were predominant. Among patients, hypertension was found in 58.62% followed by smoking (53.79%), lipid disorder (48.01%), heart diseases (25.75%), diabetes mellitus (20.01%), and previous history of stroke (10.61%). 40% patients were on irregular use of antihypertensive drug and it was 17.5% in case of anti diabetic drugs. Major groups (42.44%) of patients have two modifiable risk factors. Conclusion: Stroke is better to prevent than to cure. Identification of risk factors is the only way to achieve this goal. Implementation of screening programme in community to identify risk factors and educate people about primary prevention should be initiated in this regard. This way, we can reduce morbidity and mortality among stroke patients and alleviate the burden of stroke.   doi:10.3329/jom.v10i3.2011   J Medicine 2009; 10 (Supplement 1): 18-21

Risk factors and psychological impact of syncope in migraine patients

Cephalalgia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (14) ◽  
pp. 1838-1846
Author(s):  
Ai Seon Kuan ◽  
Shih-Pin Chen ◽  
Yen-Feng Wang ◽  
Jong-Ling Fuh ◽  
Chun-Yu Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Vascular Risk ◽  
Susceptibility Loci ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Headache Clinic ◽  
Include Body Mass Index

Background Migraine is associated with syncope. We investigated risk factors for syncope and burden of syncope in migraine patients. Methods Participants were recruited from a headache clinic. All participants provided information on lifestyle, co-morbidity, syncope, headache and suicide, and completed the MIDAS and HADS questionnaires. Genetic data were available for a subset of participants. Risk of syncope in relation to participant’s characteristics and migraine susceptibility loci, and risks of psychological disorders associated with syncope, were calculated using logistic regression. Results Underweight, regular tea intake, diabetes mellitus, and migraine with aura were associated with increased syncope risks, with adjusted ORs of 1.76 (95% CI 1.03–3.03), 1.84 (95% CI 1.22–2.79), 4.70 (95% CI 1.58–13.95), and 1.78 (95% CI 1.03–3.10), respectively. Preliminary results showed that rs11172113 in LRP1 was associated with syncope risks. Comorbid syncope in migraine patients was associated with increased risks of depression (OR 1.95, 95% CI 1.18–3.22) and suicide attempt (OR 2.85, 95% CI 1.48–5.48). Conclusion Our study showed the potential roles of vascular risk factors in the association between migraine and syncope. Modifiable risk factors for syncope in patients with migraine include body mass index and tea intake. The debilitating psychological impact of co-morbid syncope in migraine patients warrants clinical attention of treating physicians.

scholarly journals Noncommunicable diseases risk factors in Bhutan: A secondary analysis of data from Bhutan’s nationwide STEPS survey 2014

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0257385
Author(s):  
Gyambo Sithey ◽  
Li Ming Wen ◽  
Laigden Dzed ◽  
Mu Li
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Steps Survey ◽  
Harmful Use ◽  
Unhealthy Diet ◽  
Obesity Hypertension ◽  
Overweight Or Obesity

Background Bhutan is facing an epidemic of noncommunicable diseases; they are responsible for 53% of all deaths. Four main modifiable risk factors, including tobacco use, harmful use of alcohol, physical inactivity, and unhealthy diet, are the causes of most noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). This study aimed to assess 1) the prevalence of NCDs modifiable risk factors in Bhutan’s adult population and 2) associations between the sociodemographic factors and the NCDs modifiable risk factors with overweight or obesity, hypertension, and diabetes. Methods We used the 2014 Bhutan WHO Stepwise Approach to NCD Risk Factor Surveillance (STEPS) Survey dataset in this study. Data were analyzed using multiple logistic regressions, constructed with overweight or obesity, hypertension, and diabetes as outcome variables and modifiable risk factors as independent variables. Results The prevalence of tobacco use, harmful use of alcohol, unhealthy diet (low fruits and vegetables intake) and physically inactive was 24.8% (95% CI: 21.5, 28.5), 42.4% (95% CI: 39.4, 45.5), 66.9% (95% CI: 61.5, 71.8), and 6.2% (95% CI: 4.9, 7.8), respectively. The prevalence of overweight or obesity, hypertension and diabetes was 32.9% (95%CI: 30.0, 36.0), 35.7% (95% CI: 32.8, 38.7) and 6.4% (95% CI: 5.1, 7.9), respectively. Multiple logistic regression showed that older age groups were more likely to be overweight or obese, hypertensive, and diabetic. Our analysis also found that tobacco users were less likely to be overweight or obese (aOR 0.71, 95% CI 0.52, 0.96), and to be hypertensive (aOR 0.74, 95% CI 0.56, 0.97); but they were more likely to be diabetic (aOR 1.64, 95% CI 1.05, 2.56). Alcohol users were more likely to be hypertensive aOR 1.41 (95% CI 1.15, 1.74). Furthermore, vigorous physical activity could protect people from being overweight or obese, aOR 0.47 (95% CI 0.31, 0.70), and those consuming more than five serves of fruits and vegetables per day were more likely to be overweight or obese, aOR 1.46 (95% CI 1.17, 1.82). Conclusion The prevalence of NCDs modifiable risk factors and overweight or obesity and hypertension was high in Bhutan. We found strong associations between tobacco use and diabetes, alcohol use, hypertension, physically inactive, and overweight or obesity. The results suggest that the government should prioritize NCDs prevention and control programs, focusing on reducing modifiable risk factors. The health sector alone cannot address the NCDs epidemic in Bhutan, and we recommend the whole of government approach to tackle NCDs through the Bhutan Gross National Happiness framework.

scholarly journals THE DESCRIPTION OF MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS IN CORONARY HEART DISEASE AT DR. SOETOMO REGIONAL PUBLIC HOSPITAL

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Mayla Renata Sandi ◽  
Santi Martini ◽  
Kurnia Dwi Artanti ◽  
Sri Widati
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Public Hospital ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a non-communicable disease that causes the highest mortality in the world, including in Indonesia. Risk factors for CHD are divided into modifiable and non- modifiable risk factors. Purpose: This study aims to discover the description of risk factors that are modifiable in coronary heart disease patients at Dr Soetomo Regional Public Hospital. Methods: It was a descriptive observational study with cross sectional study design. The study population was coronary heart disease patients who were doing outpatient treatment at the Integrated Heart Service Center (PPJT) of Dr. Soetomo Regional Public Hospital. The number of study sample was 72 respondents using accidental sampling technique. Data sources used are primary data using questionnaires and secondary data using medical record. Data were collected during November 2018. The location of this study was Dr. Soetomo Regional Public Hospital. The data analysis technique chosen was univariate analysis and presented in the form of a frequency distribution table. Results: The results of the study showed that the characteristics of respondents were mostly between 56-65 years old (43,05%) and male (70,84%). Risk factors found on the respondents were smoking (84,72%), hypertension (72,22%), hyperlipidemia (68,05%), diabetes mellitus (81,94%) and poor physical activity (77,77%). Conclusion: Modifiable risk factor that was mostly found on coronary heart patients was smoking, while least one was hiperlipidemia.

scholarly journals RISK FACTORS IN SEVERE ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION POPULATION

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Johanes ◽  
Ponco Birowo ◽  
Nur Rasyid
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Erectile Dysfunction ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Onset Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Severe Erectile Dysfunction

Objective: To find the risk factors of severe erectile dysfunction. Material & methods: This Cross sectional study subjects completed the questionnare at the time of diagnosing Erectile Dysfunction (ED). Amount of 297 ED patients with mean age of 49.08 ± 13.69 years were enrolled consecutively at Urology Outpatient Clinic from 2005 to 2012. The questionnaire consisted of marital status, educational status, and occupation, comorbidities, habits, and International Index of Erectile Dysfunction-5 (IIEF-5) questionnare. We compared population proportion of ED severity (severe vs not severe) between sociodemographic, comorbidities and habits group and we also compared the mean of ED onset age and ED duration between those groups. Results: Of the patients, 29.3% were classified as severe ED, and 70.7% were classified other than severe ED (mild, mild-moderate, etc). The median of ED onset age was 47 years (46.64 ± 13.77 years) and the median of ED duration was 52 weeks (126.75 ± 167.69 weeks) ranged from 1 to 1040 weeks. We found status of low education level, unemployed, not married and having diabetes mellitus could increase the risk of having severe ED in ED population with each prevalence ratio was 1.44 (1.12-1.87), 2.02 (1.20-3.42), 1.91 (1.10-3.30), 2.01 (1.30-3.12). Not married group was also found have an earlier mean of ED age onset (mean difference 6.78 (2.37-11.19) years. Conclusion: We found that education level, occupation status, marital status and diabetes mellitus contributes in determining ED severity.

scholarly journals A study to evaluate scope of preventive strategies in modifiable risk factors of hypertension

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 4849
Author(s):  
Medha Mathur ◽  
Navgeet Mathur
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Family History ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Preventive Strategies ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Lack Of Exercise

Background: Hypertension is a vascular disorder associated with high morbidity and mortality. Risk factor prevention plays key role in control of the non-communicable diseases. Current study was conducted to assess prevalence of risk factors related to hypertensive patients.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted for the period of six months (January to June 2018). Total 672 hypertensive patients were included in this study and subjected to evaluation of modifiable risk factors like obesity, lack of exercise, smoking, dyslipidemia and pre-existing diabetes mellitus along with non-modifiable risk factors like positive family history and age.Results: On risk factor evaluation of 672 hypertensive patients it was found that 601(89.4%) patients had lack of exercise, 210 (31.2%) patients had dyslipidemia, 190 (28.2%) patients were smokers, 164 (24.4%) patients had diabetes mellitus before emergence of hypertension, 132 (19.6%) patients were obese and 498 (74.1%) patient had age more than 60 years, 94 (13.9%) patients had family history of hypertension.Conclusions: High prevalence of risk factors for this non-communicable disease in Indian community is alarming. Dealing with modifiable risk factors by health education, promotion of exercise, favourable life style, dietary modifications, cessation of smoking, screening programmes for early detection of deranged blood pressure, blood sugar, lipid profile can be effective preventive strategies.

scholarly journals Correlative study of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus with haemoglobin A1c, duration of diabetes and modifiable risk factors: smoking, alcohol and BMI in adult population attending a tertiary care hospital

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nutan Bedi ◽  
Archana Omprakash Gulati ◽  
Gauri V. Devasthali
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Haemoglobin A1c ◽  
Duration Of Diabetes ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Hba1c Levels

Background: Diabetes is a disease, which if not controlled, affects every cell of the body from head to toe. No wonder it is often referred to as the “SILENT KILLER”. So through our study, we aim to study the correlation between (haemoglobin A1c) HbA1c levels, duration of diabetes and modifiable risk factors with diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods: This study was conducted in 100 patients (200 eyes) who were diagnosed cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus. A detailed history of the duration of diabetes, alcohol intake and smoking and HbA1c levels was taken. Complete ocular examination was done. BMI was also calculated.Results: 2/3rd of the eyes with grade 3 DR were of>10 years duration while 2/3rd of the eyes with grade 2 DR were of 5-10 years duration. Of the eyes with grade 3 DR, all the patients had HbA1c of more than 8. Significant p value shows strong correlation between DR and obesity. No significant correlation of DR was found with alcohol and smoking.Conclusions: The findings in our study endorse the view that duration and HbA1c are important risk factors for occurrence and severity of DR and therefore a regular follow up and good glycemic control is highly essential for the prevention of occurrence and progression of DR. Strong correlation between BMI and DR suggest that lifestyle changes play a pivotal role.

scholarly journals Prevalence of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors in Yazd inner-city municipalities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Mirzaei ◽  
Masoud Mirzaei ◽  
Ali Reza Sarsangi ◽  
Nasser Bagheri
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Unhealthy Diet ◽  
Yazd City

Abstract Background:Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the world. With effective intervention and control of cardiovascular risk factors, mortality rates may be reduced.The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of modifiable risk factors across five municipalities in Yazd city. Methods:10,000 residents of the Yazd greater area aged 20-69 years were selected using cluster random sampling method.Overall, 200 clusters were randomly selected based on the postcodes of residents who lived in the five municipalities of Yazd.Those who lived in Yazd annexed cities and rural areas were excluded. A valid questionnaire was completed and physical examination performed as done (94.9% response rate). Instances of self-reported diabetes mellitus, high blood cholesterol, tobacco smoking, and unhealthy diet were recorded. Blood pressure, height, and weight were measured and physical activity was classified by International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). A chi-square test was used to analyze the differences in variables across municipalities. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS V. 16. Results:We analyzed 8749 participants’ data from Yazd city. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension were 14.1, 16.7 and 18.6%, respectively. One in every four people consumed the recommended five servings of vegetables per day. Fish consumption was less than 5% at least once a week among participants. An unhealthy diet (85.7%); low physical activity (52.2%), hypertension (36.7%) and obesity (26.3%) were the most common cardiovascular risk factors. Only 2.1% of adults had no risk factors for CVD, and almost 75% of people had more than one risk factor. The prevalence of risk factors (excluding hypertension) was significantly different across the municipalities. Residents of region three had the highest prevalence of all risk factors aside from inactivity and unhealthy diet. Conclusion:unhealthy dietary habits and inactivity are the most common modifiable risk factors of CVD in Yazd.Spatial variations of cardiovascular risk factors observed. This geographic health inequality requires more attention from policymakers to control CVD risk factors across different municipalities accordingly. Promoting healthy lifestyle is the top priority of health intervention programs. It is recommended to increase access to sport arenas and restrict access to tobacconist in high-risk areas.

scholarly journals RISK FACTORS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS AMONG RELAPSED PATIENTS IN WEST PAPUA, INDONESIA: A DESCRIPTIVE AND ANALYTICAL STUDY

2019 ◽  
pp. 50-55
Author(s):  
MOHAMMAD A. WIJAYANTO ◽  
RAIHAN A. ARNANDA ◽  
EDO P. THAMRIN
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
West Papua ◽  
Mdr Tb

Objective: Indonesia has one of the highest burdens of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), with 6800 new cases of MDR-TB annually and a previously reported cure rate of 51%. This study aimed to identify the risk factors that affect the development of MDR-TB in the diverse population of West Papua. Methods: A case–control study was conducted in Sorong Regency Regional Hospital, a referral center for MDR-TB in West Papua. Data were obtained from medical records of patients with relapsed TB between January 2014 and September 2017. Extracted data included demographic characteristics, family history, medication history (type of medication and duration), smoking history, supporting examinations (sputum test for acid-fast bacilli [AFB] and radiologist interpretation of thoracic X-ray), and comorbidities (HIV and diabetes mellitus). Results: Among 549 patients with suspected MDR-TB, 45 were confirmed to have MDR-TB. These 45 patients were defined as the case group and compared with a control group of 45 relapsed patients who had drug-sensitive TB. A great number of subjects in both case and control groups (44.4% and 57.8%) were categorized as previously lost to follow-up. Bivariate analysis using the chi-squared test found that an AFB result of+3 (odds ratio [OR]: 5.33, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.76–16.09), diabetes mellitus (OR: 6.14, 95% CI 1.26–29.89), and completion of intensive-phase category I anti-TB therapy (OR: 3.25, 95% CI 1.04–10.07) were associated with MDR-TB. Conclusion: These clinical variables provide initial information about MDR-TB in West Papua and will assist clinicians to manage patients in related populations who have these risk factors.

scholarly journals QT interval prolongation and Torsades de Pointes with donepezil, rivastigmine and galantamine

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 204209862094241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie Malone ◽  
Jules C. Hancox
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Qt Interval ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors ◽  
Torsades De Pointes ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Interval Prolongation ◽  
Qt Interval Prolongation ◽  
Mesh Terms

Background: Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEis) including donepezil, galantamine and rivastigmine are used to treat Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This study aimed to evaluate evidence from the case report literature for an association between these agents and risk of QT interval prolongation and Torsades de Pointes (TdP) arrhythmia. Methods: Published literature was mined with predetermined MeSH terms for each of donepezil, galantamine and rivastigmine, to identify cases of QT interval prolongation and TdP. Case reports were analysed using causality scales and a QT interval nomogram. Results: A total of 13 case reports were found (10 for donepezil, 2 for galantamine and 1 for rivastigmine) with rate corrected QT interval (QTc) prolongation. Five cases with donepezil exhibited TdP. TdP was not reported in the cases with galantamine and rivastigmine. The use of a QT heart rate nomogram highlighted risk with donepezil compared with the other two drugs and the application of the Naranjo causality scale suggested probable or possible causation for all donepezil cases. All patients had at least two other risk factors for TdP, including modifiable risk factors such as electrolyte disturbances, bradycardia, co-administration of QT prolonging drugs. A number of recent cases involved recent changes in medication. Conclusion: Our evaluation of the case report literature suggests that there is evidence for a causal association between donepezil and QTc/TdP risk. Attention to risk factors for QTc prolongation/TdP should be exercised when prescribing donepezil and modifiable risk factors corrected. Owing to the low number of cases with galantamine and rivastigmine, further work is needed to establish whether these drugs may be more suitable than donepezil for patients with other risk factors for TdP.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document