scholarly journals Adaptive Model in Translation: Psycholinguistic Dimension

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Владислава Демецька
Keyword(s):  
Target Audience ◽  
Adaptive Model ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Methods Of Analysis ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
The Common ◽  
Theoretical Overview ◽  
Translational Models

The aim of the article is to offer a theoretical overview of the relevance of the adaptive model in translation from psycholinguistic perspective. Based on psycholinguistic approach to defining the notions of adequacy/equivalency in translation the research suggests theoretically and methodologically justified reasons for applying the translational adaptation to culture-bound texts. The comprehensive analysis of the “adaptation” as a notion presupposes the implementation of the hierarchy of the scientific methods of analysis among which the most relevant are: general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis of theoretical discussions on adaptation, text-typological structural/functional, psycholinguistic and translational methods of text analysis. An adaptive potential of a text is defined within the framework of intralinguistic and interlinguistic comparison of pragmatic texts, which grounds the adaptive translational models of pragmatic texts under analysis. The results of the research speak to the fact that from the psycholinguistic perspective the notion of an equivalent translation presupposes the transcoding of the content of a source text with its semantic, stylistic and functionally communicative information. On the other hand, the notion of an adequate translation is understood as the translational reproduction of the reaction which is caused by the source text on the audience taking into account text-typological, cultural, psychological stereotypes of the target audience. In conclusion one can state that the adequate variant of translation of pragmatic culture-bound text is possible under the conditions of its adaptation to the linguocultural stereotypes of the target audience. In other words, the common beam of the adequacy in translation is the target audience’s comprehension.

scholarly journals The Forms of Criminal Prosecution

Legal Concept ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 167-175
Author(s):  
Ilya Dikarev ◽  
◽  
Sailaubek Baymanov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Criminal Prosecution ◽  
Legal Interpretation ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Theoretical Position ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Common

Introduction: the paper discusses the possibility of differentiating the forms of criminal prosecution. The critical analysis is subject to the widespread position in the science of criminal procedure that the forms of criminal prosecution are suspicion and accusation. This point of view is based on the conclusion that the content of criminal prosecution varies depending on the degree of proof of the guilt of the person subject to criminal prosecution. Concerning compliance with the principle of adversarial parties, the theoretical position is also evaluated, according to which one of the forms of criminal prosecution is conviction. The question of the grounds for differentiating the forms of criminal prosecution is studied. Purpose: the confirming the unified nature of the criminal prosecution carried out during the pretrial proceedings, regardless of the procedural position of the person accused of committing the crime. Methods: the paper uses the general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, a systematic approach, as well as specific scientific methods: legal interpretation and logical-legal. The methodological framework was the dialectical method. Results: the study of the common position in the science of criminal procedure, according to which criminal prosecution at different stages of its implementation consistently takes the forms of suspicion and accusation, showed its inconsistency. From the standpoint of philosophy, the content always has a determining value, and the form is always determined. Accordingly, to establish a change in the form of criminal prosecution, it is necessary to make sure that the content of this activity changes. However, the degree of proof of the person’s involvement in the crime is not reflected in the content of the accusatory activity, it remains the same. Therefore, suspicion and accusation do not form the independent forms of criminal prosecution. At the same time, the differentiation of the forms of criminal prosecution is possible, but on different grounds. Conclusions: the differentiation of the forms of criminal prosecution should be made depending on, first, the organization of procedural activities that determine the role and powers of the subject of criminal prosecution in the process of proof; secondly, the procedural status of the participant in the criminal process on the part of the prosecution and, thirdly, the content of the fact in issue.

scholarly journals Cognitive-discursive models of translation

2021 ◽  
pp. 135-144
Author(s):  
I. V. Boiko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Mental Content ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Original Text ◽  
Cognitive Modelling ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
The World ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
General Scientific

Models are central in many scientific contexts. The purpose of the article is to systematise and theoretically substantiate cognitive-discursive models of translation in the theory and practice of translation studies. The research methods were general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, observation and abstraction. In the perspective of cognitive modelling of translation, the creation of cognitive-discursive models of translation was preceded by cognitive-heuristic (A. H. Mynchenkov), cognitive-psychological (R. Bell), social-cognitive (D. Kiraly), and cognitive-pragmatic (E.-A. Gutt) models of translation. Thus, the development of the cognitive-discursive paradigm has given impetus to cognitive-discursive models of translation, the main advantage of which is the desire of their authors to take into account not only the text in the analysis of translation but also the mental activity of the translator and the reader while interpreting this text. Cognitive-discursive models of translation (T. P. Andriienko, L. Gopo, H. V. Taschenko) primarily focuse on the translator's cognitive sphere and the author's, translator's and reader's interpretation of reality embedded in the text, which results in paying attention to the bilingual picture of the translator's world. Translation in this focus appears as a reworking of someone else's „mental content”, which traditionally consists of interpretation (analysis of the original text), projecting a conceptual image of the source text on the picture of the world of the language of translation and implementation (creation of the text of translation).

scholarly journals Ethnolinguistic nature of folk etymology and taboos

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
Natalia Rusnak
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Methods Of Analysis ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Historical Methods

The purpose of the article is to analyze the Ukrainian nominations due to the internal form of the word. The names of literary language and vernacular on the basis of ethnolinguistic phenomena – folk etymology and taboos are involved in the analysis. The relevence of the study is due to the need to clarify ethnolinguistic phenomena associated with ambivalent tendencies – the vivid imagery of the word and its concealment and reproduction in linguistic concepts. Research methods. In the article as the main general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis are used, as well as linguistic – descriptive, structural and comparative and historical methods. Conclusions. For ethnolinguistics the phenomenon of folk etymology is important, which testifies the desire of speakers to explain the name, illustrates the subconscious attempt of native speakers to poetize the word, to inspire the word with poetry. In folk speech etymology motivates primarily toponyms and nicknames of people. Under the influence of folk etymology the literary language and folk words change their sound composition. Ethnolinguistic character has such a phenomenon as taboo: the word "hides" the internal form. During the Christmas holidays the speakers of the Bukovinian dialects had a taboo on the pronunciation of the word poppy. Taboo was widely used in folk birth rites. Euphemisms are associated with the phenomenon of taboos. In vernacular the word “devil” has many “substitutes”. Periphrases are close to euphemisms. In literary language there are established periphrases which emphasize the feature of the concept.

Modernizing the lending facility under concession agreements

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1590-1609
Author(s):  
V.A. Rakhaev
Keyword(s):  
Financial Structure ◽  
Bank Lending ◽  
Early Termination ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Financial Condition ◽  
Revenue Collection ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Financing Mechanism ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
The Russian Federation

Subject. The article addresses modernization of lending facilities under concession agreements. It is important for evaluating the terms of credit transactions, effectiveness of credit projects, and the concessionaire's ability to repay the loan. Objectives. The purpose is to review the current financing mechanism and underpin approaches to improving the credit facilities within concession agreements. Methods. The study rests on general scientific methods, like the systems and logical analysis and synthesis, principles of induction and deduction, financial calculation techniques. The analytical part employs the balance method, methods of financial coefficients and the method of technical and economic estimates. Results. I analyzed the financial structure and special characteristics of concession agreements, parameters of concessionaires’ activities; considered the types of risks inherent in bank lending under concession agreements, methods for their identification and mitigation; offered a mechanism of lending, including the structure of credit transactions, restrictions for the financial condition of concessionaires, additional requirements and penalties for their non-fulfillment. The findings can help banks define lending parameters for concession agreements. The provided recommendations may be useful for consideration by the authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Conclusions. It is possible to reduce the risks of lending under concession contracts, if their terms and conditions are stable, and if the lost income of concessionaires is compensated in the event of early termination. Reasonable tariffs for works and services and increased revenue collection will promote this type of lending.

Strategic threats to energy security as risks of quality of people's life

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 730-744
Author(s):  
V.I. Loktionov
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Economic Well Being ◽  
The Way

Subject. The article reviews the way strategic threats to energy security influence the quality of people's life. Objectives. The study unfolds the theory of analyzing strategic threats to energy security by covering the matter of quality of people's life. Methods. To analyze the way strategic threats to energy security spread across cross-sectoral commodity and production chains and influences quality of people's living, I applied the factor analysis and general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis. Results. I suggest interpreting strategic threats to energy security as risks of people's quality of life due to a reduction in the volume of energy supply. I identified mechanisms reflecting how the fuel and energy complex and its development influence the quality of people's life. The article sets out the method to assess such quality-of-life risks arising from strategic threats to energy security. Conclusions and Relevance. In the current geopolitical situation, strategic threats to energy security cause long-standing adverse consequences for the quality of people's life. If strategic threats to energy security are further construed as risk of quality of people's life, this will facilitate the preparation and performance of a more effective governmental policy on energy, which will subsequently raise the economic well-being of people.

Protection of the Rights and Legitimate Interests of Entrepreneurs in Cases of Crimes in the Sphere of Economic Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 92-98
Author(s):  
O. А. Zaytsev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Criminal Policy ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Legitimate Interests ◽  
General Scientific

The article examines the problematic issues of applying measures to protect the rights and legitimate interests of entrepreneurs in cases of crimes in the field of economic activity. The material-legal and criminal-procedural mechanisms used in the course of proceedings in this category of cases are examined. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the legal positions of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, reflected in the decisions of the Plenum of November 15, 2016 № 48 and October 3, 2017 № 33. The purpose of this study is to identify the most acceptable areas of activity of judicial and law enforcement agencies to protect the rights and legitimate interests of entrepreneurs involved in criminal proceedings. The objectives of the study are: a) to determine the specifics of criminal and criminal procedure legislation containing humane mechanisms for the category of cases under consideration; b) to highlight the positions of scientists who conduct research in this field of activity; с) substantiation of recommendations for the further development of criminal policy in the direction of liberalizing the current structure of crimes in conjunction with the improvement of criminal procedural forms of criminal proceedings. The methodological basis of the research was the dialectical method of cognition, General scientific methods of abstraction, analysis and synthesis, as well as special legal methods. Promising ways of development of criminal policy in the field of formation of legislation that allows the most effective protection of the rights and legitimate interests of entrepreneurs are proposed. The conclusion is made about the need for further scientific study of the system of material-legal and criminal-procedural mechanisms used in the proceedings on crimes committed in the sphere of business and other economic activities.

scholarly journals ACTS OF “SOFT” LAW AS REGULATORS OF PRIVATE LAW RELATIONS

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 0-0 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ольга Муратова ◽  
Olga Muratova
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Soft Law ◽  
Private Law ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Dialectical Approach ◽  
Legal Effect ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
The Common ◽  
Combination Of Methods ◽  
Methods Of Learning

The article covers the question of the enforcement of acts of “soft” law — unformal sources of regulation of public relations. It is pointed in the article, that though acts of “soft” law are not the sources of law in traditional understanding, such acts are important practical regulators of private-law relations. The author gives the common characteristic of acts of “soft” law, makes comparative analyses with legal acts. Although the most attention in the article is paid to the legal effect of the enforcement of acts of “soft” law, first of all, from the view of regulation of private-law relations. While preparing the article the complex of methods was used, which lay on the basis of systematical and dialectical concepts. The main conclusion of the issue is the acknowledgement of the fact of the exercising of influence by the acts of “soft” law on regulation of private-law relations. This article is based on a combination of methods of cognition, which amounted to a systematic and dialectical approach. The author appeals to the general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction) and to the specially-legal methods of learning: formal-legal, comparative legal, structural and functional.

scholarly journals Administrative oversight: improving compliance practices

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 03001
Author(s):  
Aleksander Nikolaevich Varygin ◽  
Irina Alekseevna Efremova ◽  
Vladimir Gennadievich Gromov ◽  
Pavel Anatolievich Matushkin ◽  
Anastasia Mikhailovna Shuvalova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Administrative Supervision ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Administrative Oversight

The main purpose of the research is to determine the goals, objectives and functions of administrative supervision and develop proposals for improving the legislation of the Russian Federation regulating issues related to the implementation of administrative supervision. Research methods: general scientific methods (analysis and synthesis, logical methods) and private scientific methods of cognition (formally-legally, specifically-sociological etc.). Outcome: the author’s version of the administrative supervision goals and objectives set out in the regulatory documents of the Russian Federation is proposed: 1. Administrative supervision is established to prevent the commission of crimes and other offences by persons. 2. The administrative supervision focuses on implementation by the internal affairs bodies of supervision over the observance by supervised persons of temporary restrictions on their rights and freedoms, as well as over the fulfillment of their duties stipulated by the related federal law; identification of violations by those under the supervision and taking measures in accordance with the law; individual preventive treatment of such persons. The novelty of the study is due to an integrated approach to the research into the goals, objectives and functions of administrative supervision and the developed proposals for improving the Russian legislation regulating issues in that area.

scholarly journals STATE SUPPORT: CONSTITUTIONAL FIXING IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 813-817
Author(s):  
Aleksej N. Nifanov ◽  
Andrey V. Sushkov ◽  
Abdurahman A. Shahbanov ◽  
Vasilij A. Zajcev ◽  
Elnur E. Veliev
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
The State ◽  
State Support ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Dialectical Approach ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
Scientific System

Purpose: Taking into account the domestic experience, the present study was aimed at carrying out a comparative analysis of the constitutions of foreign countries in order to identify the norms related to the state support in them. Methodology: The present study was carried out based on a dialectical approach to investigate the legal phenomena and processes, using general scientific (system, logical, analysis and synthesis) and private scientific methods. Result: The findings of this study revealed the opportunity for the organization of various recipients of the declared support; and identification of alternative approaches to consolidation of the constitutional laws regarding the state support. Applications: This research can be used for universities and students in politic. Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of constitutional fixing in foreign countries is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner.

scholarly journals Features of Development and Implementation of Competitive Advantages of Establishments of Restaurant Economy in Modern Market Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-67
Author(s):  
Valentyna V. Postova
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Market Conditions ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Economic Criteria

The relevance of the study of the development of competitive advantages is related to the need to ensure the competitiveness of restaurants, given the current market conditions. The purpose of the study is to investigate the ways of developing a strategy to ensure and implement the competitive advantages of restaurants. Theoretical and methodological framework of the study included general scientific methods (methods of scientific generalisation and comparison), specific methods (methods of analysis and synthesis). The study defines that indirect criteria are used to assess competitiveness, which can be divided into two main groups: consumer and economic criteria. It is analysed that for different categories of consumers and groups of goods competitiveness is provided by different types of prices: purchasing, selling, and consumer. The sources of development of competitive advantages are determined. The study also provides the competitive advantages of restaurant establishments, which have different forms of manifestation. The diagnostics of the competitive environment is carried out, which requires not only the analysis of the state of various methods of competition, but also the study of the image of the product, as well as the image of the enterprise. The main factors of competitive advantage of restaurants were considered. The study analysed the factors of competitive advantage of the organisation, which are divided into external and internal. It is determined that the factors of consumer preferences are divided into four groups: psychological, informational, sales, and economic. It is established that each group has certain measures, the consistent implementation of which, in the end, leads either to the development or maintenance of consumer preferences

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