scholarly journals THE CHANGE OF OIL QUANTITY AND DYNAMICS OF SOIL PHYTOTOXICITY AT THE OIL POLLUTION

2018 ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
O. I. Romaniuk ◽  
L. Z. Shevchyk ◽  
T. V. Zhak
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Podzolic Soil ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Liquid Composition ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Intense Evaporation ◽  
Plant Test ◽  
Microsoft Office

The authors of the article study the regularities of oil quantity change and dynamics of soil phytotoxicity at the oil pollution. The article describes the sequence of study of changes in the amount of pollutant (oil) in the soil. The study was carried out in modeling, laboratory and micro-field experiments. Two types of soils (black soil and turf podzolic soil) were used in the studies. The experiments were carried out in at least three biological and three analytical repetitions. Statistical processing of the results was carried out using Microsoft Office Excel software package. The investigation of evaporation of oil from the soil (when the initial concentration of oil in the soil was 10% and the initial moisture of the soil was 20%) shows that the intense evaporation of the liquid composition (oil+water) occurs within the first 12 days and the intensity of evaporation from black soil is higher than from turf podzolic soil. The phytotoxicity of oil contaminated turf podzolic and black soils, at different humidity, in the process of natural weathering of oil was determined using such plant test objects as L. usitatissimum, H. annuus, F. vulgare. The significant decrease of phytotoxicity, more than twofold compared with the initial one, lasts up to 45 days. After the 45th day further reduction of phytotoxicity is not observed. After the 45th day even the insignificant growth of phytotoxicity is observed. Obviously, this growth happens due to the formation of more toxic derivatives of oil in the process of natural oxidation. It is proved that under natural conditions within the first days there is an intense evaporation of volatile components of oil, which lasts for 45 days in average. At the same time, from 25% to 50% of oil is weathered from the soil depending on its type and the toxicity decreases by 2 approximately. Oil pollution spreads through the profile of the soil and in 6 months, at an initial contamination of 10%, it is observed at a depth of 30-40 cm. The least contaminated is the layer of soil at a depth of 10-20 cm. Therefore, the rehabilitation of soils by phytotherapeutic methods should be carried out 45 days after the pollution, and herbs should be planted at a depth of 10-20 cm.

INCREASING THE PRODUCTIVITY OF YUBILEINY NOVY 142 TOBACCO BY USING THE RAIKAT START GROWTH REGULATOR IN THE CENTRAL ZONE OF KRASNODAR REGION

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Growth Stimulator ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Stalk Diameter ◽  
Seedling Plant ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Plant Length

Efficiency of new natural growth stimulator Raykat Start for seedling plant growing (tobacco) has been studied on the base of All-Russian research institute of tobacco makhorka and tobacco products. We used west-subcaucasian leached black soil on the experimental field. Laboratorial, greenhouse and field experiments have discovered that soaking seeds in solution with concentration of growth stimulator 0.0001 % during 6 hours leads to germs mass increasing by 70 %. Seeds treatment before sowing with efficient concentration of stimulator (0.0001 %) in combination with further double spraying (in basic stages ofplant development: “cotyledon” and “ready for transplanting” before pulling plants from seedbed) on plants until their total moistening of above earth plant parts leads to increasing plant length from collar to growing point by 32 %, to leaf tips - by 23 %, above earth plant mass - by 78 %, root mass - by 60 %, stalk diameter in collar part - by 25 %. It was also noticed significant decreasing of stalk and root decays (up to 52 %) in areas with plants treated by stimulator. Surviving of transplanted plants treated with Raykat Start was 95 %, they had increased growing and developing rates both in the beginning of field stage and in the end of vegetation. These led to increasing plant length, leaf area, which increased by 31 % and plant productivity which increased by 17.6 %.

scholarly journals Kazakhstan black soil organic substance agrogenic transformation

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 35-39
Author(s):  
Akhylbek Kazhigulovich Kurishbayev ◽  
Grigoriy Aleksandrovich Zvyagin ◽  
Nadezhda Vasilevna Yaroslavtseva ◽  
Boris Maratovich Kogut
Keyword(s):  
Organic Substance ◽  
Wind Erosion ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Percentage Decrease ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
Soil Evaluation ◽  
Forest Belts

Currently despite the extended study of the temporary dynamic of the cultivated soil organic substance on the global scale scientists pay much attention to the establishing the patterns of its quantitative transformation on the regional level depending on the systems of agricultural exploitation for the purpose of clarifying the worldwide estimate of humus reserve in relation to the issue of the greenhouse effect. In this regard we have examined the modern dynamic (1990-2015) of the regular and southern black soil organic substance in the conditions of long-term stationary field experiments in the primary grain-sowing region of the Northern Kazakhstan. Based on the data from alternative time periods on the proportion of Соргand N in the upper (mainly 0-25 cm) layer of virgin and agrogenic black soil of Akmolinsk and Kostanay regions of Kazakhstan we have discovered the distinctive characteristics of changes in the content of soil organic substance. It has been demonstrated that the content of humus in the regular black soil is significantly higher than that in the southern carbonated black soil. Evaluation of transforming and inert pool of organic carbon in virgin and agrogenic variants of southern black soil has been made. It has been established that currently in the result of influence from various methods of southern black soil treatment the rate of humus percentage decrease is slowing down in comparison with that of the previous period of its agricultural exploitation, however, in practice, those methods, including the subsurface tilling, do not halt the de-humusization process. Content of humus in soil of the variants with continuous spring wheat is approaching that with continuous complete fallow. There are sufficient grounds to suggest that the reason for de-humusization of the southern black soil could reside in biochemical (mineralization), as well as physical (deflation) loss of humus. Particular danger comes from the wind erosion resulting in percentage of humus dropping even below its minimal value, i.e. due to the decrease of nearly unrecoverable inert part. In agrogenic regular black soil, during the closing period of its agricultural exploitation, there has been no humus loss detected, which is most probably related to the existence of protective anti-erosion forest belts in the studied fields area.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF POULTRY MANURE AND LIME AMELIORANT ON ACID-BASIC PROPERTIES OF LEACHED BLACK SOIL (CHERNOZEM) AND THE YIELD OF CROPS

2020 ◽  
pp. 65-72
Author(s):  
Н.П. Чекаев ◽  
Е.Г. Куликова ◽  
А.В. Леснов
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Leached Chernozem ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Different Doses ◽  
Experimental Plots

В статье показаны результаты трехлетних полевых опытов по изучению влияния разных доз куриного помета и известкового мелиоранта на физико-химические свойства чернозема выщелоченного и урожайность возделываемых сельскохозяйственных культур на опытных участках. В результате проведенных исследований на опытном поле ФГБОУ ВО Пензенский ГАУ (Пензенская область, Мокшанский район) было выявлено, что при внесении разных доз куриного помета в последействии на второй и третий год наблюдается увеличение кислотности. Использование известкового мелиоранта снижает подкисление и повышает эффективность внесенных доз куриного помета. Применение доз куриного помета от 2 до 10 т/га из расчета на сухое вещество положительно влияли на урожайность зерна как первой культуры после внесения, так второй и третьей. Наибольшую продуктивность исследуемых культур наблюдали на вариантах с внесением от 6 до 10 т/га помета. На фоне известкования эффективность их применения увеличивалась. The article shows the results of three-year field experiments to study the effect of different doses of chicken manure and lime ameliorant on the physicochemical properties of leached chernozem and the yield of cultivated crops in the experimental plots. The studies were carried out on the experimental field of Penza State Agrarian University (Penza Region, Mokshansky District). As a result of, it was revealed that when different doses of chicken manure were applied, an aftereffect increase in acidity was observed in the second and third years. The use of a lime ameliorant reduces acidification and increases the effectiveness of the applied doses of chicken manure. The use of doses of chicken manure from 2 to 10 t/ha (dry matter) had a positive effect on the grain yield of both the first crop after application, and the second and third. The highest productivity of the studied crops was observed in the variants with the introduction of 6 to 10 t/ha of manure. Against the background of liming, the effectiveness of their application increased.

scholarly journals Sensitivity of plant and bacterial test systems in detecting of mutagenic effects of oil pollution

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
Petimat M Djambetova ◽  
Nina V Reutova
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Ames Test ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Mutagenic Effect ◽  
Test System ◽  
Test Systems ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Plant Test ◽  
Mutagenic Effects ◽  
By Products

The plant test system soybean (Glycine max. (L.) Merill) line T219 turned out to be more sensitive than standart Ames test for evaluation of the mutagenic effect of soil, contaminated by products of combustion and domestic cottage processing of oil. It is preferable to use plant test systems for such investigations because they are more sensitive, simple and inexpensive in comparison with microbial ones.

scholarly journals Iron reduction from concentrates of hydrometallurgical dressing

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 728-735
Author(s):  
I. A. Rybenko ◽  
O. I. Nokhrina ◽  
I. D. Rozhikhina ◽  
M. A. Golodova ◽  
I. E. Khodosov
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Thermodynamic Modeling ◽  
Iron Reduction ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Reducing Agent ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Software Complex

The article presents results of theoretical and experimental studies of the processes of iron solid-phase reduction from an iron-containing concentrate obtained as a result of hydrometallurgical dressing of ferromanganese and polymetallic manganese-containing ores with coals of grades D (long-flame) and 2B (brown). The method of thermodynamic modeling using TERRA software complex was used to study the reducing properties of hydrocarbons by calculating equilibrium compositions in the temperature range of 373 - 1873 K. The authors obtained the dependences of compositions and volume of the gas phase formed as a result of the release of volatile components during heating on the temperature for the coals of the grades under consideration. As a result of thermodynamic modeling, the optimal temperatures and consumption are determined, which ensure the complete iron reduction from an iron-containing concentrate. The results of experimental studies were obtained by modern research methods using laboratory and analytical equipment, as well as methods of statistical processing. Results of the coals analysis carried out using the Setaram LabSys Evo thermal analyzer showed that the process of thermal decomposition of coals of the studied grades proceeds according to general laws. The process of thermal decomposition of long-flame coal proceeds less intensively than of brown coal. The results of an experimental study of the processes of thermal decomposition of reducing agents have shown that volumes of the gas phases, formed when coals are heated to a temperature of 1173 K in an argon atmosphere, practically coincide with the calculated values. As a result of thermodynamic modeling and experimental study, the optimal consumption of D and 2B grades of coal is determined at a temperature of 1473 K. The best reducing agent with a minimum specific consumption is long-flame coal of D grade. When determining the optimal amount of reducing agent in charge mixtures during the study of metallization processes, it was found that with an excess of reducing agent, it is possible to achieve almost complete extraction (98 - 99 %) of iron from the concentrate.

Rhizosphere populations of Rhizobium strains and nodulation of Leucaena leucocephala

1982 ◽  
Vol 22 (117) ◽  
pp. 293 ◽  
Author(s):  
HVA Bushby
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Podzolic Soil ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Nodule Formation ◽  
Seed Inoculation ◽  
Rhizobium Strains ◽  
Prairie Soil

Populations of two Rhizobium strains (NGR8 and CB81) in the rhizosphere of Leucaena leucocephala were estimated in field experiments with varying levels of antibiotically marked strains as seed inoculation treatments. The population level varied with soil type and strain of Rhizobium. Multiplication in the rhizosphere was very slow in a prairie soil but was more rapid in a sandy podzolic soil and nodulation was three weeks earlier in the sandy soil than in the prairie soil. Survival of these two strains in soil stored in the laboratory also suggested that they (especially NGR8) were not well suited to the prairie soil. Nodule representation of strain CB81 on the prairie soil decreased from 100% three months after sowing to between 12% and 16% two years after sowing. The results suggest that on this soil indigenous rhizobia form effective nitrogen fixing associations with Leucaena leucocephala and that any improvement in nitrogen fixation will require strains of Rhizobium that are more effective than the indigenous strains and better competitors for nodule formation.

scholarly journals Effect of zeolites on soil modification and productivity

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 00117
Author(s):  
Liliya M.-H. Bikkinina ◽  
Vladimir O. Ezhkov ◽  
Ramil N. Faizrakhmanov ◽  
Rasim R. Gazizov ◽  
Asiya M. Ezhkova
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Mobile Phosphorus ◽  
Grey Forest Soil ◽  
Yield Gain ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
The Republic

Local natural zeolite-containing rocks use efficiency in agriculture of the Republic of Tatarstan was studied in the research. The research was conducted in the field on leached black soil applying mechanoactivated zeolites and in greenhouses on grey forest soil using nanostructured zeolite. Field experiments identified the soil deacidification of 0.4 pHsol, increase of assimilable phosphates of the 1st and 2nd groups (Ca-P1 и Ca-P2) – of 5.0 and 6.6 mg per 100 g of soil. Moreover, the research considered the increasing the mobile phosphorus available to plants – of 8.0 and 10.0 mg/kg and exchange potassium of 5.0 and 6.6 mg/kg according to the doses of zeolite of 10 and 15 t/ha. Improving the activity of microflora in rhizosphere and growth acceleration of microbial biomass to 15.5 mg per 100 g*h were observed. The average annual grain yield gain was 0.3 and 0.5 t/ha, and the payback of 1 ton of zeolite by additional harvest 0.11 and 0.09 t/ha in grain units respectively. Improvement in the reaction of the soil environment was stated in the vegetative conditions on gray forest soil using nanostructured zeolite in doses of 0.1 and 1.0 t/ha, a positive shift in pHsol, was 0.97 and 0.9 units respectively. Under the influence of mechanically activated celite at a dose of 15 t/ha, soil acidity decreased by 0.99 pHsol units. The use of nanostructured zeolite contributed to an increase of the reserves of ammonia nitrogen in the soil – by 0.8 and 2.4 mg/kg, mobile phosphorus – by 6.0 and 33.0 mg/kg, and exchangeable potassium – by 3.0 and 5.5 mg/kg respectively at doses of 0.1 and 1.0 t/ha respectively. The growth of microbial biomass was up to 24.0 mg/100 g*h. Additional grain gains were obtained: under the influence of mechanically activated zeolite at a dose of 15 t/ha – 8.6 g/vessel and nanostructured analog at a dose of 0.1 t/ha – 7.3 g/vessel, which were comparable at the consumption of the latter 150 times less.

UNITED STATES COAST GUARD ARCTIC OIL-POLLUTION PROGRAM*

1975 ◽  
Vol 1975 (1) ◽  
pp. 259-264
Author(s):  
J.H. Getman
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
United States Coast Guard ◽  
Surveillance And Response ◽  
Arctic Pollution ◽  
Arctic Conditions

ABSTRACT With the burgeoning forecasts of oil production and transportation in the cold weather regions-especially Alaska-expectations of spills in the fragile and hostile arctic environment must increase. The Coast Guard, responsible for maritime pollution control, has stepped up its arctic pollution surveillance and response research and development Field experiments on the behavior of oil-one under summer conditions in 1970, and another under winter conditions in 1972-have been run. These indicated that oil spreads at a much slower rate under arctic conditions, and that it pooled on and under the ice. Oil is quickly covered by snow, but the resulting mulch is easily handled by mechanical means. Burning was always a readily available and effective alternate means of removal. Off-the-shelf equipment was evaluated in 1973, resulting in a number of conclusions concerning barriers and moorings, oil recovery systems, and personnel. Based on this field evaluation, there will be additional oil/ice tests of recovery devices.

Sunola response to nitrogen fertilization

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 783-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Beckie ◽  
S. A. Brandt
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
Marginal Rate ◽  
Brown Soil ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
Soil Site ◽  
Marginal Rate Of Return

The response of sunola (Helianthus annuus L. 'AC Sierra') to nitrogen (N) fertilization under conventional and direct seeding tillage systems was examined in field experiments at sites in the semiarid Dark Brown and subhumid Black soil climatic zones over a 2-yr period of normal to above-normal growing season precipitation. Urea-N fertilizer was banded at the time of seeding at varying rates to a maximum of 150 kg N ha−1. Tillage treatment did not influence sunola response to N fertilization. Sunola seed yield responded greater to fertilization at the Black soil site compared with the Dark Brown soil site in both years. Sunola harvest indices were comparable across sites and years, ranging from 0.10 to 0.18. Seed oil concentration averaged about 4% higher at the Black compared with the Dark Brown soil site, and responded to fertilization differently between locations. Sunola water use efficiency was markedly higher in 1994 than in 1993 at both sites, primarily due to lower water consumption by the crop. Fertilizer recommendations can be based on a desired yield goal or marginal rate of return. A minimum acceptable marginal rate of return of 1, 1.5 and 2 times the cost of the fertilizer, indicated that fertilizer N plus soil nitrate-N levels of greater than 94, 66 and 38 kg N ha−1, respectively, were uneconomical at Scott; respective rates at Melfort were 183, 174 and 154 kg N ha−1. However, fertilizer rates in excess of 100 kg N ha−1 in the Black soil climatic zone can result in potentially high levels of residual nitrate-N in the soil profile, and thus have greater potential for N leaching and denitrification losses. Key words:Helianthus annuus L., nitrogen

scholarly journals The selective-genetic value of chosen from the collection varieties of winter tritikale in connection with the selection of culture for the central non-black soil region

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
S. I. Voronov ◽  
А. M. Medvedev ◽  
V. V. Osipov ◽  
A. V. Osipova ◽  
S. D. Zhikharev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Standard Type ◽  
Black Soil Region ◽  
New Genotype ◽  
Strain Testing ◽  
Genetic Value

Under the conditions of Moscow region were investigated 1.5 thousand of models X.Triticosecale Wittmack of different ecological- geographical origin, concentrated in the world gene pool and also new types and the line of Federal Research Center, obtained with the use of those isolated in Dias (5x5) and other field experiments of the genetic sources and donors of valuable signs. The results of the analysis of diallel crossings according to the method of B.J.Hayman (1954) attest to the fact that for all studied signs of tritikale is characteristic the additive- dominant diagram of inheritance. According to the signs the mass 1000 of grains, the content of protein in the grain, the content of starch in the grain in F1 hybrids is revealed the super-domination. According to the sign the mass of grain from the ear the nature of inheritance changed from the complete domination to the super-domination. The basic contribution to the increase of the signs of productivity introduced dominant genes, by their concentration the prospect of the separate combinations of crossing is determined. According to the sign the mass 1000 of grains is promising the line Of Prag 468, throughout the mass of grain from the ear – line ADK 1369t. The high content of starch in the grain is caused by dominant alleles, they were separately allotted to the line Prag 468 and 6418-145. It is shown that by the authors obtained the fundamentally new types and lines with the high indices of productivity and quality of grain, which considerably exceed standard Victor. The collection of grain in the control nursery of new lines (5802-10-5-6 5802-10-5-59, 154-11-55) even under the extremely unfavorable weather conditions of 2017 year varied from 8,34 to 9,91 t/ha. The harvest of standard type Victor proved to be equal 5,04 t/ha, i.e., almost in 2 time it is lower than in the line 154-11-5-5. In the competitive strain testing (2014-2017) superiority showed the type Gera. The advantage of the noted new genotype over standards lies in the fact that they form the excellently ear with the coarse full-weight grain ear (to 80 the grains), have the increased productivity, a good safety of plants to the harvesting, high stability to the limiting factors of medium.

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