scholarly journals Modelling of grains’ shoots formation

2017 ◽  
pp. 102-113
Author(s):  
A.N. Polevoy ◽  
V.V. Sinitsyna
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Experiments ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Soil Density ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Microsoft Office ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical ◽  
Axial Organs

The processes of seed germination and shoots formation of crops caused by environmental factors are investigated. Also existing approaches to the modelling of this period, modelling of processes taking place in a seed during its germination, shoots formation are investigated, the structure of the developed model of the period of sowing - rise of shoots is described, as well as the results of numerical experiments. The specified model is aimed at overcoming the disadvantages and improving previous models of the period of sowing - rise of shoots. Development of this model is based on the achieved level of modelling of shoots formation with introduction of certain modifications. The model takes into account both physical processes taking place in a seed prior to germination of shoots and physiological and biochemical processes such as hydrolysis of endosperm reserves, respiration, distribution of hydrolysis products within axial organs and their growth. The model is implemented on a PC using Microsoft Office Excel. Many numerical experiments were carried out in order to investigate sensitivity of the model to changes of environmental conditions during germination of seeds. It was found that main agrometeorological factors affecting the time of emergence and completeness of germination are temperature, humidity and soil density. Influence of soil moisture becomes the most apparent at the stage of absorption and accumulation of moisture by a seed starting from sowing to beginning of growth process. Provided that there are optimum moisture and temperature, density of soil appears to be limiting factor affecting shoots formation: if soil density increases duration of shoots emergence increases as well. Developed dynamic model allows determining the date of shoots emergence, their field germination rate, distribution of particular number of plants of with different depth of seeds covering and a number of plants per particular unit of area.

scholarly journals Influence of alimentary factors on the absorption of feed nutrients and poultry productivity

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (95) ◽  
pp. 3-14
Author(s):  
B. Ya. Kyryliv ◽  
A. V. Hunchak ◽  
I. B. Ratych ◽  
B. V. Gutyj
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Modern Bird ◽  
Metabolic Products ◽  
Poultry Feeding ◽  
Fat Supplements ◽  
Fat Soluble Vitamins ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

The article is a summary of the literature on the main aspects of the modern bird feeding system. Theoretical aspects and results of experimental research of scientists on the substantiation of parameters of protein and amino acid nutrition are given, which is an important factor that, under appropriate conditions can significantly guarantee the realization of the genetic potential of corresponding breeds and crosses of poultry. It is shown that an important aspect of protein nutrition is the ratio of feed amino acids. Their negative interaction can be caused by a deficiency of one or more amino acids, an imbalance between them, antagonism, and toxicity. This is accompanied by effects on various physiological and biochemical processes, significantly affects appetite, intestinal absorption, renal reabsorption and transport of amino acids, their catabolism, rate of protein decomposition, synthesis, and formation of toxic metabolic products. The data show that the required level of energy for the bird's body is provided by carbohydrates (mainly of plant origin) and lipids (fat supplements of various origins). It is noted that lipids promote the absorption, transport, and deposition of fat-soluble vitamins. The effectiveness of using fat supplements as energy depends on their source. At the same time, among the indispensable nutrients that have a significant impact on growth intensity, reproductive quality, poultry productivity, and biological value of products, an important role is played by macro-and micronutrients. Many researchers emphasize that along with the use of traditional feeds in poultry feeding, the possibilities of non-traditional cereals rich in protein and lipids are not fully used. A limiting factor in their use is the presence in their composition of anti-nutrients contained in many feeds. Once in the digestive tract of animals, they negatively affect the absorption of feed nutrients. In most cases, the consumption of such feed by animals is manifested in growth retardation, increased feed consumption, hormonal effects, and, less frequently, in the dysfunction of certain organs.

scholarly journals DYNAMICS OF PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PROCESSES IN AVOCADO FRUIT TREATED WITH PREPARATIONS DURING STORAGE

2020 ◽  
Vol XXV ◽  
pp. 111-123
Author(s):  
Valentina Stepanovna Kolodyaznaya ◽  
Tatyana Evgenievna Burova ◽  
Elena Ivanovna Kiprushkina ◽  
Irina Anatolyevna Shestopalova ◽  
Yuliya Vladimirovna Broyko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Phenol Oxidase ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Terminal Oxidases ◽  
Low Temperature Storage ◽  
Avocado Fruit ◽  
Duration Of Storage ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

This article presents data on the effect of processing avocado fruit on the dynamics of physiological and biochemical processes during low-temperature storage. The aim was to explore the effect of processing Fuerte avocado fruit with ‘Agrokhit’, ‘KHAN-8’ and ‘Extrasol-90’ preparations on the dynamics of physiological and biochemical processes during storage. The effectiveness of the preparations on the change in physiological and biochemical processes during storage of avocado fruit was evaluated by the release of carbon dioxide during their respiration, by the activity of terminal oxidases and the hydrolysis of pectin substances. The respiration rate, the activity of terminal oxidases – catalase, peroxidase, phenol oxidase, tyrosinase – and the kinetics of the hydrolysis of protopectin and pectin depended on the type of preparation and the duration of storage. Processing avocado fruit with the examined preparations did not violate metabolism, which was regulated by change in the activity of terminal oxidases of the plant cells, a reduced respiration rate and the rate of hydrolysis of protopectin and pectin. As a result, there was an increase in the storage period and fruit ripening. To slow down the physiological and biochemical processes – to increase the duration of ripening and storage of avocado fruit – it is recommended that they be treated with chitin derivatives Agrokhit and KHAN-8.

Predicting changes in distribution of a large coastal shark in the face of the strengthening East Australian Current

2020 ◽  
Vol 642 ◽  
pp. 163-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Niella ◽  
AF Smoothey ◽  
V Peddemors ◽  
R Harcourt
Keyword(s):  
Austral Summer ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Commercial Fisheries ◽  
East Australian Current ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Southeastern Australia ◽  
The Face

In the face of accelerating climate change, conservation strategies will need to consider how marine animals deal with forecast environmental change as well as ongoing threats. We used 10 yr (2009-2018) of data from commercial fisheries and a bather protection program along the coast of New South Wales (NSW), southeastern Australia, to investigate (1) spatial and temporal patterns of occurrence in bull sharks and (2) environmental factors affecting bull shark occurrence along the coast of NSW. Predicted future distribution for this species was modelled for the forecast strengthening East Australian Current. Bull sharks were mostly harvested in small to larger estuaries, with average depth and rainfall responsible for contrasting patterns for each of the fisheries. There was an increase in the occurrence of bull sharks over the last decade, particularly among coastal setline fisheries, associated with seasonal availability of thermal gradients >22°C and both westward and southward coastal currents stronger than 0.15 and 0.60 m s-1, respectively, during the austral summer. Our model predicts a 3 mo increase in the availability of favourable water temperatures along the entire coast of NSW for bull sharks by 2030. This coastline provides a uniquely favourable topography for range expansion in the face of a southerly shift of warmer waters, and habitat is unlikely to be a limiting factor for bull sharks in the future. Such a southerly shift in distribution has implications for the management of bull sharks both in commercial fisheries and for mitigation of shark-human interactions.

FACTORS AFFECTING HYDROLYSIS OF POLYPHOSPHATES IN SOILS

Soil Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 143 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. DICK ◽  
M. A. TABATABAI
Keyword(s):  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Effects of water deficit on growth, nodulation and physiological and biochemical processes inMedicago sativa-rhizobia symbiotic association

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Mouradi ◽  
Mohamed Farissi ◽  
Abdelaziz Bouizgaren ◽  
Bouchra Makoudi ◽  
Ablaa Kabbadj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Symbiotic Association ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

scholarly journals Factors affecting Cyperus difformis seed germination and seedling emergence

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 823-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Derakhshan ◽  
J. Gherekhloo
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Cyperus Difformis ◽  
Emergence Patterns

Specific knowledge about the dormancy, germination, and emergence patterns of weed species aids the development of integrated management strategies. Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the effect of several environmental factors on seed germination and seedling emergence of Cyperus difformis. Germination of freshly harvested seeds was inhibited by darkness; however, when seeds were subsequently transferred to complete light they germinated readily. Our results showed that 2 wk of cold stratification overcome the light requirement for germination. Seeds of C. difformis were able to germinate over a broad range of temperatures (25/15, 30/20, 35/25, and 40/30 ºC day/night). The response of germination rate to temperature was described as a non-linear function. Based on model outputs, the base, the optimum and the ceiling temperatures were estimated as 14.81, 37.72 and 45 ºC, respectively. A temperature of 120 ºC for a 5 min was required to inhibit 50% of maximum germination. The osmotic potential and salinity required for 50% inhibition of maximum germination were -0.47 MPa and 135.57 mM, respectively. High percentage of seed germination (89%) was observed at pH=6 and decreased to 12% at alkaline medium (pH 9) pH. Seeds sown on the soil surface gave the greatest percentage of seedling emergence, and no seedlings emerged from seeds buried in soil at depths of 1 cm.

Impact of Melatonin on Growth and Antioxidant Activity of Cicer arietinum L. Grown under Arsenic Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-79
Author(s):  
Deepali Nagre ◽  
Roseline Xalxo ◽  
Vibhuti Chandrakar ◽  
S. Keshavkant
Keyword(s):  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Melatonin Treatment ◽  
Radicle Growth ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Cicer Arietinum L ◽  
Arsenic Stress ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

The ability of melatonin to regulate number of physiological and biochemical processes under different environmental stresses has been widely studied in plants. So, this investigation was done to study the protective roles of melatonin on Cicer arietinum L. grown under arsenic stress. Subjecting Cicer arietinum L. seeds to arsenic stress caused significant decreases in germination percentage, radicle growth, biomass accumulation, protein content and activities of antioxidant enzymes. On the other hand, melatonin treatment significantly increased growth parameters and protein quantity via improving antioxidant enzyme systems as compared with their corresponding untreated controls.

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