scholarly journals Socio-economic consequences of land reform in Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Zhylin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Practical Aspect ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Real Economy ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Legal Forms

The article examines theoretical foundations of socio-economic consequences of land reform in Ukraine. Prospects and possibilities for opening of the market of agricultural land in Ukraine through foreign experience in land reform are analyzed. It is determined that threre are a lot of agricultural enterprises, which use agricultural land mainly for maximum self-enrichment, while neglecting norms of rational land use. It is determined that attracted capital will be played the critical role in the process of agrarian reform, which within the legal framework of the mechanism of circulation of agricultural land will be used by all participants, namely the state and owners / sellers with buyers / tenants. The effectiveness of implementation and functioning of the land market will be carried out on the basis of the established scientific base, the operating activity of state bodies and taking into account the interests of market participants. The level of centralization and decentralization of land potential management is taken significant value in foreign countries, representative bodies of territorial communities have specific powers for land use, organizational and legal forms of land use and forms of ownership of land resources are exceptional. It is determined that results of land reform are assessed by identifying the social, economic and environmental consequences, which are considered in physical and qualitative terms. The consequences of land reform are manifested in real economy and have the long-term impact not only on it but also on life of society in general. Totally, this will concern not only the regulatory implementation of the rules for organizing of the market of agricultural land, but also the practical aspect of ensuring the implementation of land reform.

scholarly journals REFORM IN UKRAINE. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN ECONOMY

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyreitseva O. V. ◽  
Zhylin O. V.
Keyword(s):  
Land Reform ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Real Economy ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Land Relations ◽  
Long Term Impact

The article examines theoretical foundations of land reform in Ukraine. The legislation on land, rights protection of land owners, foreign experience of reforming land resources of states are analyzed. It is determined that the most important reason for the imbalance of our country's economy is the imperfection of unilateral land reform, resulting in large number of agricultural enterprises of various forms of ownership and management, which use agricultural land mainly for maximum self-enrichment, while neglecting technological norms of agricultural production as well as norms of rational land use. It is determined that foreign investors, companies with the necessary knowledge and equipment, are unsure to invest in Ukraine due to imperfect legal guarantees. The favorable legal climate is needed for improvement of agricultural sector. The land issue is largely political. The experience of foreign countries, which offer the number of alternative methods, is valid, in particular, by establishing the permit procedure for the alienation of land, the preemptive right to purchase, tax levers, and so on. It is determined that results of land reform are assessed by identifying the social, economic and environmental consequences, which are considered in physical and qualitative terms. The consequences of land reform are manifested in real economy and have the long-term impact not only on it but also on life of society. Its complex nature and acute social significance require special attention to the place of urban and rural self-government, state bodies in regulating the land market and land relations in the country. Today, results of land reform are mostly assessed in terms of quantitative characteristics with qualitative changes either not considered or determined superficially.

scholarly journals PROBLEMS OF FUNCTIONING AND DIRECTIONS OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE INTERNAL LAND MARKET IN UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olha Klepanchuk
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Market Model ◽  
Land Market ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Equal Rights ◽  
Environmental Friendliness

The processes that occur in various areas of the land market affect the quality of development of the national economic system. Issues of volume and conditions of purchase and sale of agricultural land, pricing and rent formation for industrial land use, environmental aspects of land use are extremely important given the feasibility and timeliness of land reform, which highlights the need for clear identification of existing problems and outline possible directions for development, land relations. The article analyzes the state of land use in Ukraine, profitability and profitability of agriculture. Instability, low investment attractiveness of the market, non-compliance with the norms of rational land use, land parceling, non-compliance with the criteria of environmental friendliness were noted. The negative consequences of the moratorium on land sales are the shadow use of land, a significant number of corruption schemes, land lordization, crop rotation violations. It was found that agricultural holdings, as beneficiaries of the current market model, use land quite efficiently, but the state remained excluded from the market. Lack of full circulation of land makes market pricing impossible, local monopolies appear on the rental market. The issue of creating a mortgage land bank for long-term lending secured by land remains unresolved. Among the problem areas are the improper functioning of the state land cadaster, gaps in land inventory and identification of market objects. Institutional regulation requires the determination of the boundaries of settlements, reserve lands and land massifs in the area, the definition of landowners and land users of land plots and their founders. The need for liberalization of market circulation is identified and its possible positive socio-economic consequences are outlined. Further scientific research is proposed to be aimed at solving the problem of developing a regulatory framework for the functioning of the internal land market, capable of providing equal rights and opportunities for all its participants.

scholarly journals The Role Of Management Of The Field-Forest Boundary In Poland’s Process Of Agricultural Restructuring

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franciszek Woch ◽  
Robert Borek
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Rural Landscape ◽  
Polish Literature ◽  
Agricultural Restructuring ◽  
Comprehensive Management ◽  
Forest Boundary

Abstract The aim of the work described here has been to point to the relationships between the field-forest boundary and crop productivity as regards the present agrarian land-use structure in Poland, and to provide new opportunities for arranging the agrarian process and the spatial planning of the rural landscape in the context of the sustainable shaping of the field-forest boundary. Impacts of forests and woodlands on crop productivity have been assessed using available data from relevant Polish literature. An assessment of the plot-distribution pattern characterising farms in Poland was made on the basis of reference data from the Agency for the Restructuring and Modernisation of Agriculture. Finally, the possibility of afforestation of agricultural land has been evaluated within the existing legal framework, and on the basis of available data, with attention paid to the need to include organization of the field-forest boundary within the comprehensive management and planning of rural areas, and to preserve woody elements in patchy landscapes. This all creates an opportunity to test innovative approaches to integrated land use which combines the creation of public goods and local products based on participatory learning processes that bring in local stakeholders and decision-makers.

scholarly journals Co-producing climate policy and negative emissions: trade-offs for sustainable land-use

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Dooley ◽  
Peter Christoff ◽  
Kimberly A. Nicholas
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Sustainable Land Use ◽  
Science And Policy ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Net Zero ◽  
Negative Emissions ◽  
Natural Land

Non-technical summaryUnder the Paris Agreement, nations have committed to preventing dangerous global warming. Scenarios for achieving net-zero emissions in the second half of this century depend on land (forests and bioenergy) to remove carbon from the atmosphere. Modelled levels of land-based mitigation could reduce the availability of productive agricultural land, and encroach on natural land, with potentially significant social and environmental consequences. However, these issues are poorly recognized in the policy-uptake of modelled outputs. Understanding how science and policy interact to produce expectations about mitigation pathways allows us to consider the trade-offs inherent in relying on land for mitigation.

scholarly journals Foreign regulation experience of the agricultural land market

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 37-45
Author(s):  
O.V. Kireitseva ◽  
◽  
O.V. Zhylin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Land Market ◽  
Land Reforms ◽  
Land Protection ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Land Relations ◽  
Legal Forms

The article examines theoretical formation foundations of functioning system of the agricultural land market in foreign countries. It is analyzed basic and special parameters of the legislative framework on land, protection of rights and opportunities of land owners, purchase and sale procedures in the context of land relations. It has been determined that the success of land reforms and the effectiveness of implementation and functioning of the land market depend on the level of their scientific substantiation, state regulation and measures to coordinate interests of its participants. Land relations are governed by norms of civil, administrative law, or by special laws dedicated to certain types of land relations, as well as laws on agrarian and land reforms in foreign countries. Such key aspects of public regulation are considered in: the taxation system, the credit and financial mechanism, antimonopoly policy, special targeted programs. There is various level of centralization and decentralization of land management, representative bodies of territorial communities that have different powers to regulate land use, organizational and legal forms of land use and forms of ownership of land resources that are not the same in countries with different socio-political systems. It has been determined that the legal regulation of land potential should contain effective aspects of the practical application of norms in real context. That is not only the normative existence of functioning rules, but also the practical aspect of ensuring the implementation of the state's land potential through local authorities within the land areas. This issue can be analyzed by the experience of foreign countries, such as the USA, Germany, France, Italy, Poland, Cyprus, Israel.

scholarly journals The impact of land reform on the status of large carnivores in Zimbabwe

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e1537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samual T. Williams ◽  
Kathryn S. Williams ◽  
Christoffel J. Joubert ◽  
Russell A. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Private Land ◽  
Large Carnivores ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
The Status ◽  
Substantial Decline ◽  
The Impact

Large carnivores are decreasing in number due to growing pressure from an expanding human population. It is increasingly recognised that state-protected conservation areas are unlikely to be sufficient to protect viable populations of large carnivores, and that private land will be central to conservation efforts. In 2000, a fast-track land reform programme (FTLRP) was initiated in Zimbabwe, ostensibly to redress the racial imbalance in land ownership, but which also had the potential to break up large areas of carnivore habitat on private land. To date, research has focused on the impact of the FTLRP process on the different human communities, while impacts on wildlife have been overlooked. Here we provide the first systematic assessment of the impact of the FTLRP on the status of large carnivores. Spoor counts were conducted across private, resettled and communal land use types in order to estimate the abundance of large carnivores, and to determine how this had been affected by land reform. The density of carnivore spoor differed significantly between land use types, and was lower on resettlement land than on private land, suggesting that the resettlement process has resulted in a substantial decline in carnivore abundance. Habitat loss and high levels of poaching in and around resettlement areas are the most likely causes. The FTLRP resulted in the large-scale conversion of land that was used sustainably and productively for wildlife into unsustainable, unproductive agricultural land uses. We recommended that models of land reform should consider the type of land available, that existing expertise in land management should be retained where possible, and that resettlement programmes should be carefully planned in order to minimise the impacts on wildlife and on people.

scholarly journals Globalization of land use transformation: consequences and ways to prevent them

Ekonomika APK ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 308 (6) ◽  
pp. 6-18
Author(s):  
Liubov Moldavan
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Legal Environment ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Western European ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of the article – based on the systematization of proposals from various scientific sources and the results of our own field studies of processes that occur in the agricultural sector, substantiate the main components of the institutional and legal environment aimed at preventing globalization of land use in the domestic agricultural sector, taking into account the experience of countries that have managed to solve this problem. Research methods. In the research process, the following methods were used: monographic (analysis of the distribution of agricultural enterprises of various countries by the area of agricultural land) comparative analysis (features of globalization processes in land use in Ukraine, Latin America and Western European countries were determined); empirical (according to a comprehensive assessment of the social and environmental consequences of the concentration of large tracts of agricultural land in the hands of domestic and transcontinental industrial-trading companies) abstract-logical (generalization and formulation of the main conclusions and suggestions based on the study results). Research results. The retrospective and current state of global processes in land use in different countries are investigated. A comparative analysis of the grouping of business entities by the size of land in Western European countries and Ukraine is carried out. It is proved that the economic benefits of anthropogenic agricultural production based on the concentration of large tracts of agricultural land in the hands of individual companies do not overlap social and environmental losses. The methods of rational distribution of agricultural land and control over their effective use and the role of the state in these processes are considered. Scientific novelty. Based on the systematization of the economic, social and environmental consequences of the global transformation of land use in agriculture and expert assessment of the impact of regulatory land legislation on this process, it was substantiated basic directions for the formation of the domestic institutional and legal environment aimed at preventing the development of an oligarchic latifund land use system in Ukraine. Practical significance. The obtained main research results are applied. Implementation in the domestic institutional and legal field of the restrictions proposed in the article on land use, access to agricultural land and state support and benefits, on the ecologization of land use through the adoption of the Law of Ukraine "On the Code of Sustainable Agriculture," and the introduction of strict control over compliance with established rules and regulations significantly they will reduce the "appetites" of existing agro-industrial-trade companies for expanding their land banks and limit their distribution in the agricultural sector of Ukraine, which will improve the conditions for the development of rural-self-sustaining enterprises and farms. Tabl.: 6. Refs.: 18.

scholarly journals Geospatial Analysis of Wetland Land Use/Land Cover Dynamics On Lake Abaya-Chamo, Southern Rift-Valley of Ethiopia.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tariku Zekarias ◽  
Vanum Govindu ◽  
Yechale Kebede ◽  
Abren Gelaw
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Land Use Land Cover ◽  
Land Cover Dynamics ◽  
Change Matrix ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Wetlands worldwide and in Ethiopia have long been subject to severe degradation due to anthropogenic factors. This study was aimed at analyzing the impact of land use/cover dynamics on Lake Abaya-Chamo wetland in 1990 – 2019. Data were acquired via Landsat TM of 1990, ETM+ of 2000, and OLI of 2010 and 2019 images plus using interview. Supervised classifications (via ERDAS14 and ArcGIS10.5) were applied to detect land use/cover classes. Change matrix model and Kappa coefficients were used for analysis of the land use/cover dynamics in the lake-wetland.Result: It was found that forest; water, shrub land, agricultural land, settlement and swamp area were the main land use/cover classes. Wetland/swamp area has continuously declined throughout 1990 – 2000, 2000 – 2010 and 2010 – 2019 where its magnitude of shrinkage in the respective periods was 11.4 % (700 ha), 16 % (867 ha) and 31.3 % (1,424 ha). While ‘settlement’ and ‘water body’ of the lake-wetland increased at progressively increasing magnitudes of changes in three periods within 1990 – 2019, ‘shrub land’ and ‘swamp’ declined at progressively increasing magnitudes of loss in the same periods Siltation, rapid population growth-led expansion of settlement and irrigation-based farming were the main drivers of the land use/cover dynamics and degradation of the lake-wetland. Conclusion: Thus, consistent mapping and integrated actions should be taken to curb the threats on the sustainability of the lake-wetland in Southern Ethiopia. To curb the impact of LULC dynamics on wetlands, the government should: formulate clear policy, institutional and legal framework on the management of wetlands.

scholarly journals Applying the Lessons Learned from the Economics Nobel Prize 2020 to Land Use Right Auction in Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ngoc Huong Quynh PHAM ◽  
Thi Ngoc Mai NGUYEN
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Benefit Sharing ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Qualitative Research Methodology

This paper mainly relies on qualitative research methodology and secondary data. The paperexamines the existing legal framework for land use right auction in Vietnam and its practicalimplementation, focusing on acquiring agricultural land for non-agricultural purposes. It shows thelimitations of sharing information and the disadvantages in distributing and balancing the benefits amongdifferent stakeholders who participated in the land use right auction. Also, this paper analyses andpropounds the key lessons learned from the 2020 Economics Nobel Prize in creating the informationsharing and benefit-sharing mechanism among participants. The paper applies these lessons learned fromthe 2020 Economics Nobel Prize to create a foundation for policy change the legal regulations of land useright auction in Vietnam in order to bring benefits to households, investors, and the State.

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