scholarly journals Human potential of the region: problems of reproduction, preservation and use in the context of sustainable development

Author(s):  
O. Yermishev ◽  
◽  
O. Batsylyeva ◽  
I. Shumihai ◽  
T. Kuchenko ◽  
...  

Human capital is one of the components of national wealth, therefore, its development should be considered as a factor for strengthening the stability of the territory in the formation of regional policy. The authors' analysis shows that the trends in the development of the human capital lead to a decrease in the stability of the region indicated by the aging population, reduced quality of labour potential, the development of negative migration processes and especially its intellectual characteristics and health capital. As the world practice shows, ensuring sustainable development of a region and a country as a whole is not possible without increasing human capital and its potential. Its importance in the modernization of all aspects of public life is growing steadily. According to the World Bank, in developed countries 64% of the structure of national wealth belongs to human capital, 16% to physical one and only 20% to raw materials. In this regard, the human capital and its potential are among the key factors in the transition to an innovative type of development of a region and a country as a whole. Purpose – to identify patterns of changes and trends in demographic processes and socially determined morbidity of the population of the industrial region of Ukraine, their main causes and opportunities to improve the situation Materials and methods. The materials of the study were domestic and world scientific sources, annual collections of statistical data of the Dnipropetrovsk region and Ukraine as a whole from the demographic development and morbidity of the population; annual reports of the country’s leadership and the Ministry of Health on these issues, information from the WHO Regional Office; legislative documents. Methods were used: bibliosemantic, system analysis, retrospective analysis of public health over demographic indicators (fertility, mortality, natural increase, average life expectancy, child mortality) morbidity for individual classes of diseases leading to the largest share of deaths; medical statistics: relative values, time series, assessment of trends in demographic indicators, morbidity, graphic representation of statistical data, computer technologies Results. The development of the human capital of the population, the quantitative and qualitative potential of its reproduction is a condition, a basis and a goal of sustainable development of society and the state. State policy in the field of public life should be focused primarily on solving the most pressing, priority tasks. In recent years, Ukraine has had a problem of depopulation - a steady decline in population. Public health is the main factor in the formation of demographic processes. Moreover, its level largely affects the development of such processes as mortality and fertility as well as future life expectancy. Thus, the health of the nation determines the number and quality of human resources not only today but also in the future. The population, having a certain life and work potential, loses it at every stage of the development of generations due to injuries, diseases, abortion, stillbirth, premature mortality and so on. The article highlights the main problems of the formation of the population of the Dnipropetrovsk region of Ukraine: the intensification of mortality, male mortality, negative natural growth, a decrease in the total fertility rate, high levels of demographic aging. The population of the Vinnytsia region has decreased over the years of independence by 16.9% (Ukraine – by 18.1%). The overall fertility rate decreased by 30.9%, the overall mortality rate increased by 33.0%, which resulted in negative natural growth and depopulation. The main causes of death in 2019 were diseases of the circulatory system – 67.8%; neoplasms – 14.6%; injuries, poisoning and other consequences of external factors – 5.7%. Despite the decrease in the death rate of children under 1 year by 2 times, the number of children in the region has decreased by more than 100 thousand. people. The elderly population increased to 300 ppm, which led to a regressive type of age structure. Average life expectancy lags far behind (by 10 or more years) from the countries of Western Europe. Proposals are presented on how to improve the demographic situation and prevent diseases leading to the greatest number of deaths. Conclusions. While assessing the real opportunities for human development in the future taking Vinnytsia region as an example, we can see that the significant deterioration of all major medical and demographic indicators that has occurred in recent years puts significant limitations on human resources for further sustainable development of the region and Ukraine. Demographic indicators of the population of Ukraine indicate a deep demographic crisis, as a result of which the population has decreased by 9,7mln. people over the years of independence, in the Vinnytsia region – by 667 thousand. There are a number of objective prerequisites for further depopulation, rejuvenation of death rates from most diseases, high levels demographic old age etc. It is necessary to develop a new long-term targeted comprehensive intersectoral program "Health of the Nation", the main section of which should be measures to overcome the demographic crisis, which would cover not only the issues of simple reproduction of the population, but also its development in a broad social context. The target program should include the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and monitor their implementation at the highest level.

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 166-169
Author(s):  
Frans Salesman ◽  
Leonardus W.D. Setiawan ◽  
Rafael Paun

Background: Poverty is seen as an economic inability to meet the basic needs of food and non-food including the fulfillment healthy living and nutrition intake in the family. Methods: Analyzing the state of poverty and public health status in East Nusa Tenggara 2012-2016. Results: Poverty in East Nusa Tenggara 2012 by 20.40%, 2013 by 20.24%, 2014 by 22.61%, 2015 by 22.58%, 2016 by 22.01%, and 2017 by 21,85%,. The same period, the proportion of the poor to the population at the National level, in 2012 by 11.66%, 2013 by 11.47%, 2014 by 10.59%, 2015 by 11.13%, 2016 by 10.76%, and 2017 by 10.76%,. Poverty affects the low health status and nutrition status of the community, continuing to Life Expectancy Age and HDI. In 2017, the average Life Expectancy Age population of East Nusa Tenggara is 66.07 years old (compare national 71.06 years), and HDI of 63.73 (compare national 70.81) is ranked 32 out of 34 provinces in Indonesia. Conclusion: Poverty affects low ability to meet basic needs of life, health status, nutrition intake for infant and toddler growth in the future leads to low quality of life and competitiveness in the various opportunities available.


2021 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
pp. 05001
Author(s):  
Victoria Yavorska ◽  
Vitaliy Sych ◽  
Ihor Hevko ◽  
Inna Shorobura ◽  
Olexandra Dolynska

The presented article gives the analysis of the modern demographic indicators such as life expectancy, age structure and fertility rate of the population in Ukraine and their geographical differences. The aim of the research is a spatial analysis of the demographic situation to determine the development trends of the population of the regions of Ukraine. In the conditions of depopulation and gradual aging of labor force in Ukraine requirements to its qualitative characteristics, first of all a state of health and average life expectancy grow. Ukraine belongs to the countries with high intensity of depopulation processes that is caused by a number of various factors of economic, socio-cultural, institutional character. Large-scale and protracted depopulation is now a component and one of the most pronounced manifestations of the general crisis demographic situation in Ukraine. The tendencies of influence of average life expectancy on indicators of population aging are investigated in the work. The regional analysis is carried out and territorial differences in indicators of average life expectancy and indicators of population aging are defined. The reasons for such a tense situation have been identified. The paper emphasizes that the development of really effective measures aimed at bringing the oblasts out of the deep demographic crisis and slowing down the progressive depopulation should focus not only on reducing mortality, but mainly on improving the health of the population, which can correct high mortality. These demographic trends increase global demographic asymmetry, give a special sharpness and new "sound" to the demographic problem in the global context, and, in addition, have long-term socio-economic consequences for countries with depopulation and deepening aging. In view of this, there is now a need for a comprehensive scientific understanding of the phenomenon of depopulation and assessment of its possible prospects, the development of a strategy to influence depopulation processes by means of sociodemographic policy. In our country, the study of depopulation factors, its nature and origins, analysis of the peculiarities of the deployment of depopulation and assessment of its consequences have become particularly relevant.


2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.7) ◽  
pp. 254
Author(s):  
Yerimbetova Kunduzai Myrzashnovna ◽  
. .

Modern migration is a dynamic and complex social phenomenon. It is characterized by significant scale and diversity, due to a complex of factors: socio-economic, political, ethnic, religious, environmental, demographic and others. The article reveals the demographic processes of the Republic of Kazakhstan, its specific features, characteristics, and development factors, as well as mechanisms for regulating internal migration, its population dynamics and targeted measures for health and life quality improving of the citizens of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Studies have revealed that the quality of life and health of the citizens of the Republic of Kazakhstan has improved. In recent years, the average life expectancy in Kazakhstan has exceeded 70 years. Economic growth has become stable. Today the world knows Kazakhstan as a peace-loving country, which stands for mutually beneficial cooperation and integration. Identified the necessary directions for further development, and conducted an analysis of the existing development programs of the Republic of Kazakhstan.  


2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 868-876
Author(s):  
Jaroslaw L. Grshybowskyj ◽  
Vladyslav A. Smiianov ◽  
Ivan M. Myronyuk ◽  
Oleh V. Lyubinets

Introduction: Medical-demographic processes are one of the main signs of life quality, the level of socio-economic development of society. The aim of the work is to compare and evaluate the medical-demographic processes in the two neighboring regions of neighboring countries, due to their geographical proximity, the ratio of the size of the territories and the population. Materials and methods: The study was conducted on the basis of official statistics published by the State Statistics Service of Ukraine and the Main Department of Statistics in Poland, the depth of the research - 2008-2017, the scope of the study - Lviv region of Ukraine and the Podkarpackie region of Poland. The system approach, demographicand medical-statistical methods were used in the work. Review: In both territories the population aging is going on, illustrated by indicators such as the age structure of the population, the level of demographic load and the average age of the population. Data on population reproduction in both regions is narrowed, indicating a prevalence of mortality over births. The average life expectancy in the Podkarpackie region is higher and has a tendency for further growth. In the Lviv oblast, the average life expectancy is also growing, due to the positive trend towards a decrease in overall mortality, but is offset by a decline in fertility and high infant mortality and mortality rates, especially from circulatory system pathology. Conclusions: The analysis of our 10 indicators showed the heterogeneity of medical and demographic processes in the two neighboring regions of neighboring countries, despite their geographical proximity, the ratio of the size of the territories and the population. KEY WORDS: medical-demographic processes, population. Wiad Lek 2019, 72, 5 cz. I, -


2018 ◽  
Vol 97 (10) ◽  
pp. 979-984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaroslav A. Leshchenko ◽  
A. A. Lisovtsov

Introduction. The methodology of studying the quality of life is one of the intensively developed scientific directions. The aim of the work is to assess the quality of life in the population of the region on the basis of multidimensional mathematical analysis of a wide range of environmental factors and living conditions. Material and methods. The study was conducted on the example of the Irkutsk region. In order to establish the features of the formation of the quality of life under the influence of a wide range of environmental factors, methods of multivariate factor analysis have been used. At the first stage, the principal components analysis was applied. At the next stage, the analysis of the relationship between the eigenvalues of the main components and the index of the average life expectancy was carried out with the correlation-regression analysis. Results. The most significant indices were established to positively characterize the improvement of the quality of life in the population of the region as follows: housing security and accessibility of housing, income, marriage and fertility rates, the level of pensions, the health system’s supply of human resources. Indices mostly reflecting the negative impact of the habitat on the quality of life are: the prevalence of syphilis, alcoholism, tuberculosis; number of abortions; the score of the migration outflow of the population; levels of poverty and unemployment; the level of water pollution; the score of social environment criminality; provision of the population with a bed fund, etc. There was an increase in the quality of life in the population of the region, accompanied by an increase in the average life expectancy of men and women in 1999-2014. Discussion. The applied methodology is used in epidemiological and ecological studies by domestic and foreign authors. In studies with similar objects and subject of research, but using other methods of factor analysis, similar results were obtained. Conclusion. The main vector of changes in the quality of life in the population of the region was the strongest clear correlation with individual socio-economic and demographic indices; the strongest inverse correlation was noted with the incidence rates of socially conditioned diseases, criminality, poverty, health system resources, etc.


Author(s):  
KHROMUSHIN V.A. ◽  
◽  
VOLKOV A.V. ◽  
KHADARTSEV A.A. ◽  
◽  
...  

The article presents the relevance of the problem, defines the research purpose: to compare the average life expectancy of the population in the areas of the Tula region with different contents of heavy metals in the class of causes of death “Respiratory diseases ”. The authors used the data of the regional mortality register, the results of analyzes of the content of heavy metals (copper, lead, zinc, nickel) in the soil by atomic absorption spectroscopy, and the calculation of the average life expectancy by the algebraic model of constructive logic. The results indicate a decrease in average life expectancy due to the presence of heavy metals in the soil, but the average life expectancy in both contaminated and non-contaminated areas is gradually increasing.


Author(s):  
YA.YU. GOLIVANOV ◽  
◽  
V.V. ZELENENKO ◽  
V.V. GRITSENKO

The article presents data on the assessment of some issues of the ontogenesis of the bird cherryoat aphid: the average life expectancy, the number of offspring over a lifetime, the beginning of the reproductive period, the end of the reproductive period, the duration of the reproductive period, the life span of aphids and the number of offspring. The author found that the average life expectancy of animals was 21.55 days. The beginning of the reproductive period, on average, was on days 7–8, the end – on day 19. The average duration of the reproductive period was 12.5 days. The average number of offspring over the entire life for individuals in the sample was 34 nymphs, in a separate litter – 2–3 nymphs.


Author(s):  
Maryna Nochka ◽  

The article is devoted to the analysis tools for assessing human capital based on world rankings in the context of sustainable development. The most famous world rankings of human capital, studied by such international organizations as the World Bank, the United Nations, the World Economic Forum, the University of Groningen in collaboration with the University of California at Davis and others, are considered. Quantifying human capital as the economic and social value of a skill set is measured through an index. Each organization makes measurements according to its own method. The application of different criteria and indicators for assessing human capital at the macroeconomic level is analyzed. The considered assessment methodologies are overwhelmingly based on statistical approaches. Analyzed the position of Ukraine in the world rankings in recent years in dynamics. It has been confirmed that these international ratings can be considered as a reflection of the state of human capital in Ukraine. Revealed quite high rating positions of Ukraine in comparison with other countries. The results allow us to conclude that there is insufficient government funding for the development of human capital. It is concluded that Ukraine needs to improve the quality of human capital as a leading factor in increasing the efficiency of the country's economy in the context of sustainable development. The study showed that the use of high-quality, highly qualified human capital leads to an improvement in the country's position in the world rankings.


2021 ◽  
Vol 295 ◽  
pp. 05003
Author(s):  
Konstantin Maltsev ◽  
Larisa Binkovskaya ◽  
Anni Maltseva

The relevance of linking the concept of sustainable development and the security discourse reveals the possibility of believing that education is a prerequisite for ensuring that “sustainable development” goals become a reality. The university has a twofold task: first, to produce knowledge that meets the demands of our time, i.e. technical knowledge, and second, to form human capital, to train specialists capable of the practical application of instrumental knowledge. The initial orientation of the concept of “sustainable development” towards a global perspective: the representation of reality in an economic paradigm, i.e., totally determined by the “logic of capital”, “monocausal economic logic”, determines the criteria by which the quality of human capital, its price, and efficiency of production of a standardized product are evaluated, the production of which is undertaken by the university-corporation that has replaced the classical “university of reason”, whose ontic foundations - the “Hegelian science”, the romantic “education of humanity” - are no longer valid in what is called modernity. The article demonstrates how modernity, constituted concerning a certain self-representation of the New European subject and presented in the liberal economic paradigm, predetermines both the goal-setting in determined by its representation of the development and the content and methods of the reform of the university. It is concluded that “sustainable development”, “security” and “university-corporation” are essentially connected with the representation of reality in the liberal version of the economic paradigm.


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