scholarly journals Actual Aspects of Epidemiological Well-Being Support Anti-PLAgue for Population in Altai Republic

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
S. V. Balakhonov ◽  
V. M. Korzun ◽  
S. A. Kosilko ◽  
E. P. Mikhailov ◽  
L. V. Shchuchinov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Human Case ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Altai Republic ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
The Republic ◽  
First Time ◽  
Optimal Set ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

Relevance. Despite significant advances in modern medicine in the treatment of infectious diseases, the plague has not lost its relevance and is one of the socially significant epidemic threats as a particularly dangerous infection. Every year, there are nearly 2.5 thousand cases of plague in the world, and the mortality rate 7 - 13%. Goal. Analysis of the current epizootic and epidemiological situation of the plague, and to determine the optimal set of preventive measures to ensure epidemiological welfare of population of the Republic of Altai on this particularly dangerous infectious disease. Materials and methods. Used the results of monitoring in 1961 - 2015 years of Gorno-Altai natural foci of plague. For more than 50 years bacteriologically were examined more than 290 thousand. small mammals, more than 1545 thousand fleas, isolated 2435 strains of the plague pathogen. Results. In recent years, the Gorno-Altai foci of plague most active of the 11 natural focis, located in Russia. On the Gorno-Altai territory in 2001 to 2014 isolated 801 strain of the pathogen, in 2015 - 23 strains, including 17 main subspecies. currently in the Gorno-Altai natural foci of plague there is a joint circulation of the two subspecies of the plague microbe: Y. pestis subsp. altaica and Y. pestis subsp. pestis. In September 2014 the first time since the detection foci of plague (1961) recorded the local human case of bubonic plague. in August 2015 identified a new case of the plague Conclusions. Introduction of the plague pathogen main subspecies into the ecosystem of the Gorno-Altaisk natural foci of plague greatly increases the possibility of dangerous epidemiological situation

scholarly journals Vaccination of cattle in the system of antiepizootic measures in Buryatia

2021 ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
O. B. Badmaeva
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Far East ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Entire Region ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
Epizootic Process ◽  
The Republic

On the territory of the Republic of Buryatia, six nosological forms of infectious diseases have epizootic significance among cattle. The most widespread are leptospirosis, rabies, and isolated cases of pasteurellosis. Natural foci of rabies were formed, confined to the environmental conditions of the neighboring territories of Mongolia and the TRANS-Baikal territory. Epizootic process tends to polyhostal manifestation with the threat of expanding the focus and complicating the epidemic situation in the entire region of Siberia and the Far East. In 2018 169 heads of cattle were identified with a positive reaction to leptospirosis in 13 administrative districts. Preventive immunization of animals with the control of immunity tension in areas with a high risk of introduction of infectious diseases is the basis for maintaining epizootic well-being throughout the region.

scholarly journals Review of the Epidemiological Situation on Ixodic Tick-Borne Borreliosis in the Russian Federation in 2010–2020 and Prognosis for 2021

2021 ◽  
pp. 52-61
Author(s):  
S. A. Rudakova ◽  
N. A. Pen’evskaya ◽  
A. I. Blokh ◽  
N. V. Rudakov ◽  
D. V. Trankvilevsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
Federal Districts ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

Objective was to analyze the epidemiological situation on Ixodidae tick-borne borreliosis (ITBB) in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the dynamics over the period of 2010–2020, taking into account the features of the year 2020, associated with the spread of COVID-19, and to forecast the development of the epidemic process for 2021. In 2020, 4180 cases of ITBB were registered in the Russian Federation, which is 1.93 times less than in 2019 and 1.73 times less than the long-term average annual figure for the previous 10 years. A significant decrease was noted in all federal districts (FD), with the exception of the Central FD, where more than half of all cases occurred. Compared to 2019, 75 out of 78 subjects experienced a decrease in the incidence rate in 2020, while in 56 entities that decrease was statistically significant. The multiplicity of the decrease in the incidence of ITBB in 2020 for all FD was significantly greater than the multiplicity of the decrease in the frequency of contacts of the population with ticks. Infection of Ixodidae ticks of various species with borrelia in natural foci in 2020 was statistically significantly higher than in 2019. Probably, the decrease in the registered incidence of ITBB against the background of the COVID-19 pandemic is due not only to a decrease in the intensity of contacts of the population with natural foci, but also to a sharp redistribution of the volume of inpatient and outpatient medical care in favor of COVID-19 patients. Given the high degree of significance of the identified trends in the dynamics of the epidemic ITBB process during 2010–2020, there is reason to expect an increase in the incidence in the Bryansk, Voronezh, Ryazan, Tula and Saratov regions in 2021, which requires special attention in terms of strengthening preventive measures and monitoring of the activity and structure of natural foci. In the rest of the entities of the Russian Federation, provided that the volumes of preventive measures are maintained on the same level and in the absence of abnormal natural and climatic phenomena, preservation or a slight reduction in the incidence of ITBB is likely to occur in the short term. At the same time, despite the tense situation regarding the new coronavirus infection, there is an obvious need to draw close attention to the problems of diagnosis and prevention of natural focal infections.

scholarly journals EXPERIENCE OF INVESTIGATION OF A LARGE OUTBREAK OF A TULAREMIA AMONG THE POPULATION OF KHANTY-MANSIYSK AND THE KHANTY-MANSIYSK REGION IN 2013

2018 ◽  
pp. 44-48
Author(s):  
N. A. Ostapenko ◽  
I. I. Kozlova ◽  
M. G. Solovieva ◽  
T. F. Stepanova ◽  
V. V. Mefodiev
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Natural Focus ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Environmental Objects ◽  
Epidemiological Monitoring ◽  
Large Outbreak ◽  
Major Outbreak ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

Aim. The experience of investigating a major outbreak of tularemia among the population of Khanty-Mansiysk and Khanty-Mansiysk Region in 2013. Materials and methods. The materials of epidemiological monitoring of activity of foci of tularemia in KhMAO for a long period of time, the results of laboratory studies of biological materials and environmental objects on infection with tularemia pathogen during investigation of the outbreak in 2013 are analyzed. Results. The causes and features of the outbreak development, anti-epidemic and preventive measures were analyzed. An algorithm for investigating tularemia outbreaks has been developed and the effectiveness of preventive and antiepidemic measures for their elimination in a strained natural focus has been shown. Conclusion. Monitoring of natural foci of tularemia confirms the continued preservation of their activity and viability. The transmissive nature of outbreaks causes their scale and intensity, the need for permanent disinsection and deratization measures. The invasion of rodents into populated areas can be considered a predictive sign of the deterioration of the epidemiological situation and the onset of outbreak, which allows taking anti-epidemic measures in advance. Systemic interdepartmental interaction (health care, executive authorities) is needed to strengthen attention to prevention and build up a cautious attitude towards the problem of tularemia.

scholarly journals A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF THE INCIDENCE OF ANTHRAX IN THE REPUBLIC OF KALMYKIA

2017 ◽  
pp. 37-40
Author(s):  
N.P. Buravtseva ◽  
V.M. Mezentsev ◽  
N.M. Chimidova ◽  
T.B. Kalyaeva ◽  
K.L. Mandzhieva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Base ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Gis Technologies ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

Epizootological and epidemiological situation on anthrax in the Republic was estimated. GIS-technologies were used for drawing up a data base of the incidence in humans and animals and cadastre of areas permanently infected with anthrax. A connection between soil and climatic conditions and persistence of anthrax was traced. It has been established, that currently the incidence of anthrax is sporadic in character and depends for the most part on timely carrying out preventive measures.

scholarly journals Features of iodine deficiency in the territory of the Republic of Belarus

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 739-749
Author(s):  
S. L. Romanov ◽  
A. N. Chervan ◽  
E. M. Korobova ◽  
T. S. Yablonskaya
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Iodine Content ◽  
Iodine Concentration ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Ecological Situation ◽  
High Iodine ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Spatial Specificity ◽  
First Time

A medium-scale map of iodine deficiency in the territory of the Republic of Belarus was created for the first time. The map characterizes in detail a spatial variation of iodine concentration in soils of Belarus. The article analyzes a spatial specificity of the ecological situation formed as a result of heterogeneity of the iodine content in soils. Using the means of a specialized GIS, the area of high iodine deficiency was identified at the level of administrative regions. The identified area was further differentiated in terms of different level of ecological risk due to a natural soil iodine deficiency. As a result of such geoinformation analysis, the areas of moderate, significant and greatest risks were established in the territory of Belarus. These regions should become the objects of high priority monitoring and are directly in need of targeted preventive measures.

scholarly journals The current epizootic situation of rabies in Tajikistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 282 ◽  
pp. 03019
Author(s):  
A.A. Muminov ◽  
O.D. Nazarova ◽  
O.G. Petrova ◽  
F.B. Kamolzoda ◽  
F.Kh. Pulotov
Keyword(s):  
Rabies Virus ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Full Extent ◽  
Terrestrial Animal ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

According to the Terrestrial Animal Health Code and the Veterinary Legislation of the Republic of Tajikistan, veterinary authorities register, give passport and vaccinate dogs and cats, but not to the full extent, which increases the risk of infection and death of people and animals with the rabies virus. This article presents the results of retrospective analysis of the epizootic and epidemiological situation and the role of carnivores and other animals in the circulation of the rabies virus in natural foci in Tajikistan’s regions close to big cities and areas under protection. Research and monitoring of the manifestation of rabies among carnivorous mammals in 4 regions of the country were carried out and the role in spreading of rabies infection was studied. As a result of study it was found that the most disadvantaged areas with high levels of rabies infection are Khatlon region and Central Tajikistan, and was explored connection between diseases of dogs and farm animals, especially cattle.

scholarly journals Leptospirosis in the Republic of Tatarstan. Epidemiological Features

2021 ◽  
pp. 134-139
Author(s):  
T. A. Savitskaya ◽  
V. A. Trifonov ◽  
I. V. Milova ◽  
G. Sh. Isaeva ◽  
I. D. Reshetnikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
Monitoring Point ◽  
Environmental Objects ◽  
Epidemiological Features ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
Epizootic Process ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

The study presents a characteristic of the current epidemiological situation on leptospirosis in the Republic of Tatarstan, investigation of the circulation of leptospirosis agents among the population of small mammals, and the species composition of Leptospira that caused diseases in humans.Materials and methods. The paper contains the data on the incidence of leptospirosis among the population in the Russian Federation (RF) for the period between 2000 and 2018, in the Republic of Tatarstan – since 1998, submitted by the Rospotrebnadzor Administrations in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, materials of the Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Republic of Tatarstan and the Main Veterinary Administration of the Republic of Tatarstan.Results and discussion. We have carried out the analysis of the epidemiological situation in the Republic of Tatarstan for the period of 1998–2018, by the administrative territories of the republic. The incidence of human leptospirosis caused by various leptospira serogroups has been assessed. In total, 112 people got infected with leptospirosis during the analyzed period. Also the data of epizootiological survey of small mammals inhabiting the natural foci of leptospirosis in the republic are presented. Laboratory tests of 1565 samples from mouse-like rodents for the presence of leptospirosis pathogens have been performed. 1.9 % of the tests gave a positive result. Dominant in the Republic of Tatarstan are the serogroups of Leptospira – Leptospira grippotyphosa and L. hebdomadis. The results of laboratory studies on the carriage of leptospira among small mammals and contamination of environmental objects indicate the circulation of pathogens of leptospirosis in the population of small mammals, habitant in forest shrub, near-water and meadow field stations of the republic. The red vole prevails in this community, the average index of its dominance is 66.7 %. Epizootiological monitoring point to a latent epizootic process in the community of mouse-like rodents.

scholarly journals A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF THE PREVALENCE OF ECHINOCOCCOSIS IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

THE BULLETIN ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (388) ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
Shabdarbaeva G., ◽  
◽  
Yalysheva S., ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endemic Area ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
The South ◽  
Accounting Systems ◽  
Full Extent ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Extensive Surgery ◽  
Epidemiological Situation ◽  
Production Losses

Echinococcosis is a zoonotic helminthiasis of humans and animals caused by Echinococcus granulosus tapeworm. Echinococcosis is often expensive and complicated to treat and may require extensive surgery or prolonged drug therapy. In addition, echinococcosis causes serious annual livestock production losses. More than 1 million people are affected with echinococcosis at any one time. Kazakhstan is one of the countries with adverse epidemiological situation for echinococcosis. The aim of the study is a retrospective investigation of changes in the incidence of cystic echinococcosis in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Scientific articles on prevalence and data from scientific reports were analyzed. Current situation has changed and remains complicated. Echinococcosis is present in all regions of the country; however, the most endemic area is the south of Kazakhstan, which is a large livestock husbandry center. The highest rates are observed in South Kazakhstan (Turkestan), Zhambyl, Almaty regions. The least prevalence of echinococcosis is in Pavlodar, Kostanai region and Nur-Sultan city. In general, from 1984 to 2016 the incidence rate in the country has grown by more than 5 times. Since 2007, there has been a gradual decrease in the number of newly registered cases. However, in endemic areas of the south, rates remain high. Existing accounting systems for patients with echinococcosis and statistical data cannot fully reflect the real number of people infected with echinococcosis, since only surgical cases are taken into account. Monitoring of the natural foci of Echinococcosis required for taking coordinated actions to combat disease. Cooperation between medical and veterinary specialists is necessary in order to get a full extent of the situation with zoonotic helminthiases.

scholarly journals Tuberculosis prevalence in animals and humans in the Republic of Kazakhstan

2021 ◽  
pp. 2362-2370
Author(s):  
Kairat Altynbekovich Turgenbayev ◽  
Assiya Madenovna Borsynbayeva ◽  
Aleksandr A. Plazun ◽  
Rauan K. Turgenbayev
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Favorable Effect ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Strict Adherence ◽  
Allergy Testing ◽  
Purified Protein Derivative ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Tuberculosis Prevalence ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

Background and Aim: Tuberculosis is an infectious disease that affects humans and animals. This study aimed to review the influence of economic and organizational, veterinary, and sanitary measures on the epizootic situation of animal tuberculosis and the epidemiological situation of human tuberculosis in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Materials and Methods: The epizootic situation of cattle tuberculosis in Kazakhstan was studied based on the annual statistics of allergy testing of animals with tuberculosis by the Committee for Veterinary Control and Supervision of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan, according to the results of allergic, clinical, and pathological studies, including laboratory studies of biomaterials from animals that reacted to tuberculin. Tuberculinization of cattle in the country is performed twice in the spring and autumn using tuberculin purified protein derivative for mammals. In addition, mass diagnosis of human tuberculosis is conducted by radiology. Results: The authors assessed the epizootic situation of tuberculosis in cattle in Kazakhstan from 1991 to 2019. The analysis results showed that at the beginning, the epizootic situation in cattle tuberculosis was challenging. However, since 2001, there has been a noticeable decrease in tuberculosis in animals in Kazakhstan, which has had a favorable effect on the epidemic situation of human tuberculosis. Conclusion: According to the analysis results, the measures used in the Republic of Kazakhstan to prevent tuberculosis improved the well-being of livestock farms. The proper conduct by qualified veterinary specialists on allergy testing of animals and differential diagnosis of nonspecific tuberculin reactions allows establishing an accurate epizootic picture of tuberculosis. Furthermore, strict adherence to instructions on the diagnosis and prevention of tuberculosis, implementation of developed veterinary, sanitary, and organization, and economic measures can improve the epizootic picture of tuberculosis, reducing the risk of human tuberculosis.

scholarly journals Hantavirus Diseases: a Review of Epidemiological Situation and Epidemiological Risks in the Regions of the World

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
A. V. Ivanova ◽  
N. V. Popov ◽  
I. G. Karnaukhov ◽  
E. A. Chumachkova
Keyword(s):  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Annual Number ◽  
Hantavirus Infection ◽  
The World ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Clear Increase ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

The purpose of this review is to characterize the current epidemiological and epizootiological situation in natural foci of hantavirus diseases in different regions of the world, and to analyze the literature data available. Currently, hantavirus diseases are a very urgent threat to the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population around the world, which can cause serious complications of the epidemiological situation. About 200 thousand cases of the disease are registered every year around the world, while the intensity and dynamics of the incidence varies significantly in different regions of the world. While in China – the country with the largest annual number of cases worldwide – the overall dynamics of the incidence has a downward trend, which is apparently due to the widespread use of specific disease prevention tools; the number of cases in European countries, on the contrary, shows a clear increase. In the Russian Federation, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is currently the most common natural-focal disease of viral etiology. Data on the prevalence of hantavirus infection in the regions of South-East Asia and the African continent require further investigation, but it is quite obvious that hantavirus infection is a very underestimated public health issue in these regions, and its scale, due to the wide spread of carriers, may be much more considerable than is currently known.

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